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Background: The role of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms in weight loss and serum lipid changes following different dietary interventions remain unclear. The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors in different studies. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern on the metabolic response and adiposity parameters, taking into account the 712 G/A rs3774261 polymorphisms in ADIPOQ. Design: A population of 135 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], glucose, C-reactive protein [CRP], adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured before and after the dietary intervention (12 weeks). All of the patients were genotyped for the rs3774261 polymorphism. Results: The genotype distribution of this population was 36 patients with AA (26.7%), 68 patients with AG (50.4%), and 31 patients with GG (22.9%). After the dietary intervention and in both genotypes, BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels all decreased. After the dietary intervention with secondary weight loss and in non-G-allele carriers (AA vs. AG+GG), total cholesterol (Δ = –15.7 ± 3.9 vs. –4.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (Δ = –15.3 ± 3.8 vs. –1.7 ± 1.9 mg/dL; p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (Δ = –23.4 ± 5.6 vs. 2.3 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01), and CRP (Δ = –1.1 ± 0.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL; p = 0.01) decreased. Adiponectin levels (Δ = 7.2 ± 2.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p = 0.02) increased. Notably, G-allele carriers did not show this improvement. Conclusion: Non-G-allele carriers of the ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) showed significant improvement in serum levels of adiponectin, lipid profiles, and CRP in response to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Background: The role of ADIPOQ gene on serum lipid and adiponectin levels after a dietary intervention remained unclear. Some polymorphisms have been described in this gene that they could interact with metabolic changes after diet intervention. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of a high fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern on metabolic response and adiponectin levels taking to account of rs3774261 of ADIPOQ. Design: A population of 284 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric parameter and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after high fat hypocaloric diet (12 weeks). All patients were genotyped in the rs3774261. Results: The genotype distribution was; 78 patients (27.5%) AA, 144 patients AG (50.7%) and 62 patients GG (21.8%). After a significant weight loss secondary to diet intervention (AA vs. AG vs. GG); total cholesterol (delta:-15.1 ± 2.9 mg/dl vs. -7.2 ± 2.1 mg/dl vs. -5.0 ± 1.9 mg/dl; p=0.03), LDL cholesterol (delta:-14.1 ± 2.9 mg/dl vs. -6.4 ± 1.8 mg/dl vs. -3.2 ± 2.0 mg/dl; p=0.01), triglyceride levels (delta:-26.0 ± 4.6 mg/dl vs 6.4 ± 3.3 mg/dl vs. -5.7 ± 2.9 mg/dl; p=0.01), C reactive protein (CRP) (delta:-2.4 ± 0.1 mg/dl vs -1.3 ± 0.2 mg/dl vs. -0.7 ± 0.1 mg/dl; p=0.01) and serum adiponectin levels (delta: 17.6 ± 3.9 ng/dl vs. 1.9 ± 3.3 ng/dl vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 ng/dl; p=0.02) improved only in AA group. Conclusion: Subjects with AA genotype of ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) showed a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and decrease on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP) after weight loss with a hypocaloric high fat Mediterranean diet.

Increasing bacterial resistance is strictly correlated to the increasing use of antibiotics, currently constituting a public health problem. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of antibiotics in Asturias, an autonomous community in northwestern Spain, and compare the results obtained with data from elsewhere in Spain and other European countries. A descriptive study was carried out on the use of antibacterial drugs for systemic use, ATC code J01 in Asturias in 2011-2015. Data were obtained from the prescription-billing information system charged to the Health Service of Asturias. The consumption data are expressed in daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants and day (DHD), and number of packages per thousand inhabitants per day. The average weighted consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in the Asturian community was 26.23 daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD) in 2015. This figure was higher than that of the EU/EEA population, which was 22.4 DHD, and that of the whole of Spain at 22.2 DHD. There is a wide variability in consumption among the different areas of the Asturian region. This variability is common to the rest of the country and Europe. It can be explained by the influence of the data used in the indicators and by the variability in medical practice. Priority should be given to homologating consumer-monitoring information systems and implementing national strategies aimed at providing more information to medical practitioners, encouraging the appropriate use of antibiotics so as to reduce variability, consumption and resistance.

Producción Científica, Rotavirus vaccines (RV) have decreased the infant morbidity and mortality in countries that included RV in their national schedule. Rotavirus vaccination is recommended by the Spanish Society of Pediatrics; however, Spain, as most countries in Europe, has authorized commercialization but not included RV in its national vaccination program. We assessed the impact of RV on the rotavirus hospitalization rate through an interrupted time series analysis. There was a 46.8% (95% CI: 29.3–60.2) decrease on the rotavirus hospitalizations rate in the study region after RV commercialization in 2006. Currently there is limited evidence about the impact of RV in Europe, especially among countries not offering systematic vaccination in their national schedule. Documentation of RV coverage, effectiveness and impact is urgently needed in these countries.

Producción Científica, Hemos leído con interés la publicación de Troncoso et al1, en el que se expone la importancia de las prácticas en la calidad de la enseñanza en el pregrado de Medicina y al hilo de sus reflexiones quisiéramos establecer una breve aportación. Percibimos que la “empatía” hacia el paciente parece menos relevante en los planes docentes y ello es concordante con la escasa importancia que se le ha concedido como área de competencia. En este sentido queremos señalar que el reducido impacto de la misma en el nivel docente puede comprobarse reseñando que en el prestigioso examen del Médico Interno Residente (MIR), durante los últimos 36 años, las cuestiones relativas a este ámbito de conocimiento se han situado entre las menos frecuentes.

Background and aim: The C385A polymorphism of FAAH gene (rs324420C>A) has been associated with obesity. We investigate the role of this polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors and weight loss secondary to a high protein/ low carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diets (1000 kcal/day) during 9 months. Methods: A sample of 284 subjects with obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30) was enrolled. These subjects were randomly allocated to one of two diets for a period of nine months Diet S (standard protein hypocaloric diet) vs. Diet HP (high protein-low carbohydrate hypocaloric diet). Results: After both diets and in both genotype groups (CC vs. CA+AA), body mass index (BMI), weight, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased. With the diet type HP and in non A carriers, glucose (-5.3 ± 1.2 mg/dl vs. -1.8 ± 2.1 mg/dl; p

breast milk, besides being a source of feeding for children, it can be a vehicle for transmission of some infectious diseases.to revise the main viral agents which can be acquired for children through breast milk and its possible clinical implication.literature search was made in different databases and books.date on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A, B and C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus and other viruses are exposed in detail.the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus and cytomegalovirus in preterm newborns or low birth weight are the most frequent viruses that cause infection or illness in children as a result of its transmission through breast milk. For other viruses, such as varicella zoster, hepatitis A or hepatitis B, the immunoprophylaxis of the newborn, through the administration of immunoglobulin and vaccine, protect children against their transmission.Introducción: la leche materna, además de ser una fuente de alimentación para los niños, puede ser un vehículo de transmisión de diversas enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: revisar los agentes virales que pueden ser adquiridos por el niño a través de la leche materna y su posible implicación clínica.se han hecho búsquedas bibliográficas en diferentes bases de datos y libros. Resultados: se exponen datos relativos al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 y tipo 2, virus linfotrópico humano de células T, citomegalovirus, virus de la hepatitis A, B y C, virus del herpes simple tipos 1 Y 2, virus de la varicela zóster y otros. Conclusiones: el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, HTLV-1 y citomegalovirus en recién nacidos pretérmino o de bajo peso son los virus que más frecuentemente causan infección o enfermedad en el niño como consecuencia de su transmisión a través de la leche materna. Para otros virus, como el de la varicela-zóster, la hepatitis A o la hepatitis B, la inmunoprofilaxis del recién nacido, mediante la administración de inmunoglobulina y la vacuna correspondiente, protegen al lactante del riesgo de transmisión.

Recent dietary trials and observational studies have focused on the effects of diet on health outcomes such as improvement in levels of surrogate biomarkers. The aim of our study was to examine the changes in weight, adipocytokines levels and insulin resistance after a high-protein/low carbohydrate hypocaloric diet vs. a standard hypocaloric diet during an intervention of 9 months.331 obese subjects were randomly allocated to one of two diets for a period of 9 months. Diet HP (n=168) (high-protein hypocaloric diet) consisted in a diet of 1050 cal/day, 33% of carbohydrates, 33% of fats and 34% of proteins. Diet S (n=163) (standard protein hypocaloric diet) consisted in a diet of 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates, 27%fats, and 20% proteins.With the diets HP and S, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin and HOMA decreased. The decrease at 9 months of (BMI: -2.6±1.3kg/m(2) vs. -2.1±1.2kg/m(2):p0.05), weight (-8.4±4.2kg vs. -5.0±4.1kg: p0.05), fat mass (-5.1±4.1kg vs. -3.4±4.2kg: p0.05), systolic blood pressure (-5.1±7.1mmHg vs. -3.1±2.1mmHg: p0.05), (insulin levels -4.0±4.8 UI/L vs. -2.2±2.4 UI/L; p0.05) and HOMA (-0.8±1.0 units vs. -0.3±1.0 units; p0.05) was higher in diet HP than Diet S. With both diets, leptin levels decreased.A high-protein/low carbohydrate hypocaloric diet shows a higher weight loss, insulin and HOMA-R decreased after 9 months than a standard hypocaloric diet. The improvement in adipokine levels was similar with both diets.