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Your search keyword '"Reynolds, M.P."' showing total 9 results
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9 results on '"Reynolds, M.P."'

2. High-Throughput estimation of crop traits: A review of ground and aerial phenotyping platforms

Author

Jin, X., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Schmidhalter, U., Reynolds, M.P., Hawkesford, M.J., Varshney, R.K., Yang, T., Nie, C., Li, Z., Ming, B., Xiao, Y., Xie, Y., Li, S., Jin, X., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Schmidhalter, U., Reynolds, M.P., Hawkesford, M.J., Varshney, R.K., Yang, T., Nie, C., Li, Z., Ming, B., Xiao, Y., Xie, Y., and Li, S.

Abstract

Crop yields need to be improved in a sustainable manner to meet the expected worldwide increase in population over the coming decades as well as the effects of anticipated climate change. Recently, genomics-assisted breeding has become a popular approach to food security; in this regard, the crop breeding community must better link the relationships between the phenotype and the genotype. While high-throughput genotyping is feasible at a low cost, high-throughput crop phenotyping methods and data analytical capacities need to be improved.

Published
2021

4. Avoiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat. I. Stem and root structural requirements

Author

Berry, P.M., Foulkes, M.J., Jesson, M.A., and Reynolds, M.P.

Subjects
Anchorage strength, Stem biomass, Stem strength, Spring wheat, Lodging-proof ideotype, Grain yield, Root plate spread
Abstract

A model of the lodging process has been successfully adapted for use on spring wheat grown in North-West Mexico (NWM). The lodging model was used to estimate the lodging-associated traits required to enable spring wheat grown in NWM with a typical yield of 6 t ha?1 and plant height of 0.7 m to achieve a lodging return period of 25 years. Target traits included a root plate spread of 51 mm and stem strength of the bottom internode of 268 N mm. These target traits increased to 54.5 mm and 325 N mm, respectively, for a crop yielding 10 t ha?1. Analysis of multiple genotypes across three growing seasons enabled relationships between both stem strength and root plate spread with structural dry matter to be quantified. A NWM lodging resistant ideotype yielding 6 t ha?1 would require 3.93 t ha?1 of structural stem biomass and 1.10 t ha?1 of root biomass in the top 10 cm of soil, which would result in a harvest index (HI) of 0.46 after accounting for chaff and leaf biomass. A crop yielding 10 t ha?1 would achieve a HI of 0.54 for 0.7 m tall plants or 0.41 for more typical 1.0 m tall plants. This study indicates that for plant breeders to achieve both high yields and lodging-proofness they must either breed for greater total biomass or develop high yielding germplasm from shorter crops.

Published
2016

5. Avoiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat. II. Genetic variation of stem and root structural properties

Author

Berry, P.M., Foulkes, M.J., Molero, G., and Reynolds, M.P.

Subjects
Plant height, Lodging, Stem strength, Spring wheat, food and beverages, Root plate spread
Abstract

Lodging-related traits were evaluated on the CIMMYT Core spring wheat Germplasm Panel (CIMCOG) in the Yaqui Valley of North-West Mexico during three seasons (2010–2013). Genetic variation was significant for all the lodging-related traits in the cross-year analysis, however, significant G × E interaction due to rank changes or changes in the absolute differences between cultivars were identified. The inconsistences on cultivar performances across seasons particularly reduced the heritability of key characters related to root lodging resistance (anchorage strength). Target characters related to stem lodging resistance (stem strength) showed good heritability values equal or above 0.70. Positive correlations between stem strength and stem diameter and between root plate spread and root strength were found. Selecting for greater stem diameter and wall width, greater root plate spread and shorter plant height could enable breeders to increase lodging resistance by increasing stem strength, root strength and decreasing plant leverage, respectively. Achieving a lodging-proof crop will depend on finding a wider root plate spread and implementing new management strategies. Genetic linkages between lodging traits will not constrain the combination of the key lodging-trait dimensions to achieve a lodging-proof ideotype. However, strong association between stem strength and stem wall width will increase the total biomass cost needed for lodging resistance.

Published
2016

6. The International Heat Stress Genotype Experiment for modeling wheat response to heat: field experiments and AgMIP-Wheat multi-model simulations

Author

Martre, P., Reynolds, M.P., Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Alderman, P.D., Cammarano, D., Maiorano, Andrea, Ruane, A.C., Aggarwal, P.K., Anothai, J., Supit, I., Wolf, J., Martre, P., Reynolds, M.P., Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Alderman, P.D., Cammarano, D., Maiorano, Andrea, Ruane, A.C., Aggarwal, P.K., Anothai, J., Supit, I., and Wolf, J.

Abstract

The data set contains a portion of the International Heat Stress Genotype Experiment (IHSGE) data used in the AgMIP-Wheat project to analyze the uncertainty of 30 wheat crop models and quantify the impact of heat on global wheat yield productivity. It includes two spring wheat cultivars grown during two consecutive winter cropping cycles at hot, irrigated, and low latitude sites in Mexico (Ciudad Obregon and Tlaltizapan), Egypt (Aswan), India (Dharwar), the Sudan (Wad Medani), and Bangladesh (Dinajpur). Experiments in Mexico included normal (November-December) and late (January-March) sowing dates. Data include local daily weather data, soil characteristics and initial soil conditions, crop measurements (anthesis and maturity dates, anthesis and final total above ground biomass, final grain yields and yields components), and cultivar information. Simulations include both daily in-season and end-of-season results from 30 wheat models. All data are available via DOI 10.7910/DVN/ECSFZG.

Published
2017

9. Awns reduce grain number to increase grain size and harvestable yield in irrigated and rainfed spring wheat

Author

Rebetzke, G.J., Bonnett, D.G., and Reynolds, M.P.

Subjects
Photosynthesis, Crop yields, Wheat, Business, international
Abstract

Genotypic variation in ear morphology is linked to differences in photosynthetic potential to influence grain yield in winter cereals. Awns contribute to photosynthesis, particularly under water-limited conditions when canopy assimilation is restricted. We assessed performance of up to 45 backcross-derived, awned-awnletted NILs representing four diverse genetic backgrounds in 25 irrigated or rainfed, and draughted environments in Australia and Mexico. Mean environment grain yields were wide-ranging (1.38-7.93 t ha-1) with vegetative and maturity biomass, plant height, anthesis date, spike number, and harvest index all similar (P greater than0.05) for awned and awnletted NILs. Overall, grain yields of awned-awnletted sister-NILs were equivalent, irrespective of yield potential and genetic background. Awnletted wheats produced significantly more grains per unit area (+4%) and per spike (+5%) reflecting more fertile spikelets and grains in tertiary florets. Increases in grain number were compensated for by significant reductions in grain size (-5%) and increased frequency (+0.8%) of small, shrivelled grains ('screenings') to reduce seed-lot quality of awnletted NILs. Post-anthesis canopies of awnletted NILs were marginally warmer over all environments (+0.27 [degrees]C) but were not different and were sometimes cooler than awned NILs at cooler air temperatures. Awns develop early and represented up to 40% of total spikelet biomass prior to ear emergence. We hypothesize that the allocation of assimilate to large and rapidly developing awns decreases spikelet number and floret fertility to reduce grain number, particularly in distal florets. Individual grain size is increased to reduce screenings and to increase test weight and milling quality, particularly in droughted environments. Despite the average reduction in grain size, awnless lines could be identified that combined higher grain yield with larger grain size, increased grain protein concentration, and reduced screenings., https://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/03/13/jxb.erw081.full

Published
2016

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