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Evidence on survival of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and other rare thoracic cancers is limited due to the rarity of these cancer sites. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MM incidence and survival after MM and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States (US). Incidence was estimated from a German National Cancer Database and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 database for 2000–2014. Patients diagnosed in 1997–2013 with malignant epithelial tumors of the trachea (Etra), epithelial tumors of the thymus (Ethy) and MM were extracted from a German cancer survival database and from the SEER 13 database. Period analysis was employed to compute 5‐year relative survival (RS). During 2000–2014, an annual average of 0.9 and 0.6 MM cases per 100,000 person‐years was diagnosed in Germany and the US. Rates decreased in Germany and in the US. Patients with Ethy had highest 5‐year RS with US patients surviving longer (69.1% compared to 63.7%, p = 0.02). Survival after Etra was comparable in both countries (Germany 33.6%, US 34.4%, p = 0.07). Survival in MM patients was poor overall (Germany 11.8%, US 12.1%, p

Histologies not included in sensitivity analysis. Figure showing the number of cases with histologies not included in sensitivity analysis. (DOCX 15Â kb)

Distribution of histological groups in different sites, year of diagnosis 2013. Figure showing the distribution of histological groups in different sites in Germany for the year of diagnosis 2013 via pie charts. (PDF 966Â kb)

Classification of sites according to ICD-O 3* Topography. Table showing the classification of sites according to ICD-O 3 (third edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology) Topography. (DOCX 13Â kb)

Population-level survival has increased for a number of hematologic malignancies.[1][1]–[3][2] Multiple myeloma, in particular, has seen improved survival both in clinical trials[4][3]–[8][4] and on the population level.[3][2],[9][5]–[11][6] However, it is not known whether the changes in

Background: Population level survival has improved for myeloma in the early 21st century, but it is unknown whether a similar improvement has occurred in other plasma cell or lymphoplasmacytoid conditions. Methods: Data were extracted from 12 population-based cancer registries in Germany and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in the United States (US). Cases of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), and plasmacytoma diagnosed in 1998-2012 were included. Myeloma survival was analyzed for comparison. Plasma cell leukemia was not included due to case numbers being too small to produce reliable estimates. Period analysis was used to determine 5-year relative survival for patients with the above malignancies in 2003-12. Trends in survival in the early 21st century were analyzed using modeled period analysis, comparing survival for 2003-07 to 2008-12. Results: In Germany, 5-year age adjusted relative survival in 2003-12 was 72.1% overall and 56.5% for patients with plasmacytoma, 74.9% for LPL not otherwise specified and 80.8% for WM. In the US, survival was higher overall at 75.1%, with survival for individual entities of 81.9% for WM, 77.2% for LPL, and 62.3% for plasmacytoma. Five year relative survival estimates for myeloma in 2003-12 were 45.2% and 43.1% in Germany and the US, respectively. Trend analysis for the years 2003-07 and 2008-12 revealed an increase in survival overall in Germany and the US, with survival for all malignancies going from 69.2% to 74.2% in Germany and 73.3% to 76.8% in the US (see table). A small, borderline significant increase in survival was observed for WM in Germany, with survival going from 74.8% to 84.3% (p=0.05) and a significant increase was observed for LPL, going from 71.7% to 77.4% (p=0.01). A pattern of small increases in survival was observed for plasmacytoma in Germany and each individual malignancy in the US. A strong and significant increase was observed in both countries for myeloma, with 5-year survival going from 41.4% to 47.9% in Germany and 38.8% to 47.0% in the US (p Conclusions: Five year survival for patients with plasma cell and plasmacytoid conditions other than myeloma varies depending on the morphology. Some evidence of increased survival was observed in rare plasma cell and plasmacytoid malignancies, but small case numbers make determination of statistical significance difficult and magnitude of the differences are less than for myeloma in most cases, with the exceptions of WM in Germany. Increased research focusing specifically on rare plasma cell malignancies and implementation of findings into cancer care may improve survival further. Table Trends in 5-year relative survival for 2003-07 to 2008-12 for rare plasma cell and plasmacytoid malignancies, with comparison to myeloma. Table. Trends in 5-year relative survival for 2003-07 to 2008-12 for rare plasma cell and plasmacytoid malignancies, with comparison to myeloma. Disclosures Pulte: EBSCO: Other: Review of content for Dynamed medical reference product; Selexys Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; ApoPharma: Research Funding.