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10 results on '"RTRA Triangle de la Physique"'

1. A pressure-actuated flow cell for soft X-ray spectromicroscopy in liquid media

Author

Corinne Chevallard, Charlie Gosse, Patrick Haltebourg, Benjamin Watts, Christian Blot, Rachid Belkhou, Aymeric Vecchiola, Stefan Stanescu, Mélanie Moskura, Sufal Swaraj, Patrick Guenoun, Stéphane Lefrançois, J. Daillant, Joni Frederick, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Synchrotron SOLEIL, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), RTRA Triangle de la Physique: grants 'FluBioMix' and 'FluBioMix 2', C'Nano Ile de France: grant 'Capress', ANR-10-EQPX-0050,TEMPOS,Microscopie electronique en transmission sur le plateau Palaiseau Orsay Saclay(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0035,Nano-Saclay,Paris-Saclay multidisciplinary Nano-Lab(2010), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Scattering, Microfluidics, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Radiation, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Fluidics, 0210 nano-technology, Nanoscopic scale, Beam (structure), Microfabrication
Abstract

International audience; We present and fully characterize a flow cell dedicated to imaging in liquid at the nanoscale. Its use as a routine sample environment for soft X-ray spectromicroscopy is demonstrated, in particular through the spectral analysis of inorganic particles in water. The care taken in delineating the fluidic pathways and the precision associated with pressure actuation ensure the efficiency of fluid renewal under the beam, which in turn guarantees a successful utilization of this microfluidic tool for in situ kinetic studies. The assembly of the described flow cell necessitates no sophisticated microfabrication and can be easily implemented in any laboratory. Furthermore, the design principles we relied on are transposable to all microscopies involving strongly absorbed radiations (e.g. X-ray, electron), as well as to all kinds of X-ray diffraction/scattering techniques.

Published
2020
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2. Spectroscopy of methylcyanodiacetylene revisited. Solid parahydrogen and solid neon matrix studies

Author

Robert Kołos, Michał Turowski, Claudine Crépin, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Urszula Szczepaniak, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Quintanilla, Thomas Custer, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universidad de La Habana [Cuba], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), This study was supported with the funds of the Polish National Science Centre, project No. 2011/03/B/ST4/02763, the French-Polish PICS project (2014–2016) and the RTRA Triangle de la Physique (2013-0436T REACMAQ)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::General Physics, Polyyne, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, 010402 general chemistry, Spin isomers of hydrogen, 01 natural sciences, Matrix isolation, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Neon, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Phosphorescence, Organic Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, IR spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; Electronic phosphorescence and infrared absorption spectra of methylcyanodiacetylene (CH3C5N) are revisited using matrix isolation in solid parahydrogen and neon. Band assignments previously found for Ar, Kr, Xe, and N2 low-temperature host media were updated, with certain ambiguous attributions being resolved. A combined analysis of both dispersed phosphorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra observed in different environments provides a means to estimate the singlet-triplet separation for the gas-phase and pure solid compound, where phosphorescence could not be observed.

Published
2020
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3. Controlling the magnetic exchange coupling in hybrid heterojunctions via spacer layers of π -conjugated molecules

Author

Alexander Smogunov, Pierre Bonville, Camille Blouzon, Dongzhe Li, Ludovic Tortech, Jean-Baptiste Moussy, Quentin Arnoux, Yannick J. Dappe, Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe Modélisation et Théorie (GMT), RTRA 'triangle de la Physique': project HeteroSpinMol, Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Coupling, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Spintronics, Heterojunction, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Inductive coupling, Magnetization, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Ferromagnetism, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Antiferromagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Mastering and understanding the magnetic couplings between magnetic electrodes separated by organic layers are crucial for developing new hybrid spintronic devices. We study the magnetic exchange interactions in organic-inorganic heterojunctions and unveil the possibility of controlling the strength of the magnetic exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic electrodes across $\ensuremath{\pi}$-conjugated molecules' ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$-sexithiophene or para-sexiphenyl) ultrathin film. In $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}/\ensuremath{\pi}$-conjugated molecules/Co magnetic tunnel junctions, an antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling with variable strength is observed according to the nature of the aromatic rings (thiophene or phenyl groups). The underlying physical mechanism is revealed by ab initio calculations relating the strength of magnetic coupling to the spin moment penetration into a molecular layer at the molecule/Co interface. The prospect that magnetic coupling between two ferromagnetic electrodes can be mediated and tuned by organic molecules opens different perspectives in the way magnetization of organic tunnel junctions or spin valves can be driven.

Published
2019
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4. Understanding the STM images of epitaxial graphene on a reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface: the role of tip-induced mechanical distortion of graphene

Author

Thoyer, François, Lubin, Christophe, Cousty, Jacques, Morán-Meza, José A., Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Electronique et nanoPhotonique Organique (LEPO), Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS), J.-A.M.M. would also like to acknowledge financial support from Réseau Thématique de Recherche Avancée(RTRA-Triangle de la Physique) and CEA/Direction des Relations Internationales (DRI)., and jacques.cousty@cea.fr

Subjects
Microscope, Materials science, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), General Physics and Astronomy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Silicon carbide, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Hexagonal lattice, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Local density of states, Mechanical distortion, business.industry, Graphene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Epitaxial graphene, chemistry, Density functional theory, Scanning tunneling microscope, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on an annealed 6H-SiC(0001) surface has been studied under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions by using a combined dynamic-scanning tunneling microscope/frequency modulation-atomic force microscope (dynamic-STM/FM-AFM) platform based on a qPlus probe. STM and AFM images independently recorded present the same hexagonal lattice of bumps with a 1.9 nm lattice period, which agrees with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results previously reported, attributed to the (6 x 6) quasi-cell associated with the 6H-SiC(0001) (6$\sqrt 3$x6$\sqrt 3$) R30 reconstruction. However, topographic bumps in AFM images and maxima in the simultaneously recorded mean-tunneling-current map do not overlap but appear to be spaced typically by about 1 nm along the [11] direction of the (6 x 6) quasi-cell. A similar shift is observed between the position of maxima in dynamic-STM images and those in the simultaneously recorded frequency shift map. The origin of these shifts is discussed in terms of electronic coupling variations between the local density of states (LDOS) of EG and the LDOS of the buffer layer amplified by mechanical distortions of EG induced by the STM or AFM tip. Therefore, a constant current STM image of EG on a reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface does not reproduce its real topography but corresponds to the measured LDOS modulations, which depend on the variable tip-induced graphene distortion within the (6 x 6) quasi-cell.

Published
2016
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5. Local recording of biological magnetic fields using Giant Magneto Resistance-based micro-probes

Author

Barbieri, Francesca, Trauchessec, Vincent, Caruso, Laure, Trejo-Rosillo, Josué, Telenczuk, Bartosz, Paul, Elodie, Bal, Thierry, Destexhe, Alain, Fermon, Claude, Pannetier-Lecoeur, Myriam, Ouanounou, Gilles, Centre de neurophysique, physiologie, pathologie (UMR 8119), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité [Gif sur Yvette] (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, This work was supported by Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and Centre National de Recherche Scientifique.Also the Magsondes project by RTRA-Triangle de La Physique, European Project: 600730,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,MAGNETRODES(2013), European Project: 604102,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,HBP(2013), and Institut des Neurosciences de Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Action Potentials, equipment and supplies, Article, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Magnetics, Mice, Membrane biophysics, Magnetic Fields, Animals, Computer Simulation, Muscle, Skeletal, human activities, Sensors and probes
Abstract

International audience; The electrical activity of brain, heart and skeletal muscles generates magnetic fields but these arerecordable only macroscopically, such as in magnetoencephalography, which is used to map neuronalactivity at the brain scale. At the local scale, magnetic fields recordings are still pending because ofthe lack of tools that can come in contact with living tissues. Here we present bio-compatible sensorsbased on Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) spin electronics. We show on a mouse muscle in vitro,using electrophysiology and computational modeling, that this technology permits simultaneouslocal recordings of the magnetic fields from action potentials. The sensitivity of this type of sensoris almost size independent, allowing the miniaturization and shaping required for in vivo/vitromagnetophysiology. GMR-based technology can constitute the magnetic counterpart of microelectrodesin electrophysiology, and might represent a new fundamental tool to investigate the local sources ofneuronal magnetic activity.

Published
2016
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6. Is the Reaction of C3N(-) with C2H2 a Possible Process for Chain Elongation in Titan's Ionosphere?

Author

Claire Romanzin, Allan Lopes, Daniela Ascenzi, Leopold Koch, Illia Zymak, Miroslav Polášek, Christian Alcaraz, Wolf D. Geppert, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Fredrik Lindén, Ján Žabka, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Povo], Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), COST Action (Origins and Evolution of Life on Earth and in the Universe) [TD1308], COST Action (Our Astro-Chemical History) [CM1401], Czech Science Foundation [14-19693S, 14-20915S], French program of planetology (PNP), RTRA 'Triangle de la Physique' [2012-027T - GIN], Department of Physics at Trento University, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ion beam, h-atoms, Analytical chemistry, mechanism, chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Dissociation (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, carbanions, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quadrupole mass analyzer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spectrometer, haze formation, interstellar, Chemistry, photodetachment, Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, cn, Acetylene, 13. Climate action, atmosphere, symbols, Atomic physics, Titan (rocket family), anions
Abstract

International audience; The reaction of C3N- with acetylene was studied using three different experimental setups, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Trento), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (Prague), and the "CERISES" guided ion beam apparatus at Orsay. The process is of astrophysical interest because it can function as a chain elongation mechanism to produce larger anions that have been detected in Titan's ionosphere by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer. Three major products of primary processes, C2H-, CN-, and C5N-, have been identified, whereby the production of the cyanide anion is probably partly due to collisional induced dissociation. The formations of all these products show considerable reaction thresholds and also display comparatively small cross sections. Also, no strong signals of anionic products for collision energies lower than 1 eV have been observed. Ab initio calculations have been performed to identify possible pathways leading to the observed products of the title reaction and to elucidate the thermodynamics of these processes. Although the productions of CN- and C5N- are exoergic, all reaction pathways have considerable barriers. Overall, the results of these computations are in agreement with the observed reaction thresholds. Due to the existence of considerable reaction enenrgy barriers and the small observed cross sections, the title reaction is not very likely to play major role in the buildup of large anions in cold environments like the interstellar medium or planetary and satellite ionospheres.

Published
2016
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7. Reverse electrochemical etching method for fabricating ultra-sharp platinum/iridium tips for combined scanning tunneling microscope/ atomic force microscope based on a quartz tuning fork

Author

Morán Meza, José Antonio, Polesel Maris, J., Lubin, Christophe, Thoyer, F., Makky, A., Ouerghi, A., Cousty, Jacques, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1. Peru’s National Council of Science and Technology (Concytec).2. Réseau Thématique de Recherche Avancée (RTRA-Triangle de la Physique).3. CEA/Direction des Relations Internationales (DRI)., jpoleselmaris@ groupeseb.com, christophe.lubin@cea.fr, francois. thoyer@cea.fr, ali.makky@u-psud.fr, abdelkarim.ouerghi@ lpn.cnrs.fr, and jacques.cousty@cea.fr

Subjects
FowlereNordheim plot, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, STM, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fowler-Nordheim plot, Electrochemical cell, law.invention, Etching (microfabrication), law, 0103 physical sciences, tip etching, General Materials Science, Tuning fork, piezoelectric probe, 010302 applied physics, Tip etching, business.industry, Graphene, Resolution (electron density), graphene, Conductive atomic force microscopy, tuning fork, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Epitaxial graphene, Field electron emission, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Scanning tunneling microscope, AFM, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Sharp Pt/Ir tips have been reproducibly etched by an electrochemical process using an inverse geometry of an electrochemical cell and a dedicated electronic device which allows us to control the applied voltages waveform and the intensity of the etching current. Conductive tips with a radius smaller than 10 nm were routinely produced as shown by field emission measurements through FowlereNordheim plots. These etched tips were then fixed on a quartz tuning fork force sensor working in a qPlus configuration to check their performances for both scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Their sharpness and conductivity are evidenced by the resolution achieved in STM and AFM images obtained of epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) surface. The structure of an epitaxial graphene layer thermally grown on the 6H-SiC(0001) (6R3x6R3)R30° reconstructed surface, was successfully imaged at room temperature with STM, dynamic STM and by frequency modulated AFM.

Published
2015
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8. Tip induced mechanical deformation of epitaxial graphene grown on reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface during scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy studies

Author

François Thoyer, José Antonio Morán Meza, Christophe Lubin, Jacques Cousty, Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and 1. Réseau Thématique de Recherche Avancée (RTRA-Triangle de la Physique)2. CEA/Direction des Relations Internationales (DRI)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, STM, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, mechanical properties, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, silicon carbide, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Conductive atomic force microscopy, Dissipation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, epitaxial graphene, Amplitude, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Scanning tunneling microscope, AFM, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract

International audience; Tip induced mechanical deformation of epitaxial graphene grown on reconstructed 6H–SiC(0001) surface during scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy studies Abstract The structural and mechanical properties of an epitaxial graphene (EG) monolayer thermally grown on top of a 6H–SiC(0001) surface were studied by combined dynamic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). Experimental STM, dynamic STM and AFM images of EG on 6H–SiC(0001) show a lattice with a 1.9 nm period corresponding to the (6 × 6) quasi-cell of the SiC surface. The corrugation amplitude of this (6 × 6) quasi-cell, measured from AFM topographies, increases with the setpoint value of the frequency shift Δf (15–20 Hz, repulsive interaction). Excitation variations map obtained simultaneously with the AFM topography shows that larger dissipation values are measured in between the topographical bumps of the (6 × 6) quasi-cell. These results demonstrate that the AFM tip deforms the graphene monolayer. During recording in dynamic STM mode, a frequency shift (Δf) map is obtained in which Δf values range from 41 to 47 Hz (repulsive interaction). As a result, we deduced that the STM tip, also, provokes local mechanical distortions of the graphene monolayer. The origin of these tip-induced distortions is discussed in terms of electronic and mechanical properties of EG on 6H–SiC(0001).

Published
2015
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9. Fabricación de puntas de fibra de carbono ultrafinas para investigaciones de microscopía de efecto túnel de grafeno epitaxial sobre la superficie de 6H-SiC(0001)

Author

Morán-Meza, José A., Lubin, Christophe, Thoyer, François, Villegas-Rosales, Kevin A., Gutarra-Espinoza, Abel A., Martin, Frantz, Cousty, Jacques, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Aqueuse (LECA), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and 1. Peru’s National Council of Science and Technology (Concytec).2. Réseau Thématique de Recherche Avancée (RTRA-Triangle de la Physique).3. CEA/Direction des Relations Internationales (DRI).

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], graphene, STM, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], AFM, Fowler-Nordheim plot, carbon fiber
Abstract

International audience; The fabrication of ultra-sharp tips from carbon fiber (CF), which are mounted on a qPlus probe for combined dynamic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) experiments, is reported. The carbon fiber tips were electrochemically etched in a KOH or NaOH solution, using different electronic devices. CF tips with an apex radius ~10 nm, as deduced from the measured slopes of the Fowler–Nordheim plots (kR < 70 nm for k ~ 6), were routinely obtained with a home-made electronic device that controls the intensity of the etching current. Then, these conductive CF tips were also characterized by imaging the 6H-SiC(0001) surface covered by an epitaxial graphene layer in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The lattice of the (6R3x6R3)R30° reconstruction was regularly imaged by STM working either in non-oscillating mode or in dynamic mode, which also maps the variations of the force gradient. From these measurements with a constant mean-tunneling-current of 20 pA, it was found that the STM tip suffered variations of the tip/surface force gradient in between 8.25 and 16.50 N/m when it scanned the epitaxial graphene layer on the reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface.

Published
2015
Full Text
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10. Fabricación de puntas de fibra de carbono ultrafinas para investigaciones de microscopía de efecto túnel de grafeno epitaxial sobre la superficie de 6H-SiC(0001)

Author

F. Martin, J.A. Morán Meza, François Thoyer, C. Lubin, J. Cousty, K.A. Villegas Rosales, A.A. Gutarra Espinoza, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grupo de Materiales Nanoestructurados, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Aqueuse (LECA), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, 1. Peru’s National Council of Science and Technology (Concytec).2. Réseau Thématique de Recherche Avancée (RTRA-Triangle de la Physique).3. CEA/Direction des Relations Internationales (DRI)., and jacques.cousty@cea.fr

Subjects
Carbon fiber (CF), Surface (mathematics), Fabrication, Materials science, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Analytical chemistry, STM, Fowler-Nordheim plot, law.invention, carbon fiber, law, Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM), General Materials Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Graphene, business.industry, Surface force, graphene, General Chemistry, Radius, Conductive atomic force microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Scanning tunneling microscope, AFM, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

International audience; The fabrication of ultra-sharp tips from carbon fiber (CF), which are mounted on a qPlus probe for combined dynamic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) experiments, is reported. The carbon fiber tips were electrochemically etched in a KOH or NaOH solution, using different electronic devices. CF tips with an apex radius ~10 nm, as deduced from the measured slopes of the Fowler–Nordheim plots (kR < 70 nm for k ~ 6), were routinely obtained with a home-made electronic device that controls the intensity of the etching current. Then, these conductive CF tips were also characterized by imaging the 6H-SiC(0001) surface covered by an epitaxial graphene layer in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The lattice of the (6R3x6R3)R30° reconstruction was regularly imaged by STM working either in non-oscillating mode or in dynamic mode, which also maps the variations of the force gradient. From these measurements with a constant mean-tunneling-current of 20 pA, it was found that the STM tip suffered variations of the tip/surface force gradient in between 8.25 and 16.50 N/m when it scanned the epitaxial graphene layer on the reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

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