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In the current work, in the presence of a heat source and temperature gradients, the onset of triple-diffusive convective stability is studied for a fluid, and a fluid-saturated porous layer confined vertically by adiabatic limits for the Darcy model is thoroughly analyzed. With consistent heat sources in both layers, this composite layer is subjected to three temperature profiles with Marangoni effects. The fluid-saturated porous region's lower boundary is a rigid surface, while the fluid region's upper boundary is a free surface. For the system of ordinary differential equations, the thermal surface-tension-driven (Marangoni) number, which also happens to be the Eigenvalue, is solved in closed form. The three different temperature profiles are investigated, the thermal surface-tension-driven (Marangoni) numbers are calculated analytically, and the effects of the heat source/sink are studied in terms of corrected internal Rayleigh numbers. Graphs are used to show how different parameters have an impact on the onset of triple-diffusive convection. The study's parameters have a greater influence on porous layer dominant composite layer systems than on fluid layer dominant composite layer systems. Finally, porous parameters and corrected internal Rayleigh numbers are stabilize the system, and solute1 Marangoni number and ratio of solute2 diffusivity to thermal diffusivity of fluid are destabilize the system.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles on single component Darcy-Benard Marangoni (DBM) convection in a composite layer system consisting of an incompressible fluid saturated porous layer on top of which is a layer of the same fluid with variable heat sources in both layers. The upper surface of the fluid layer is free with surface tension effects depending on temperature and the lower surface of the porous layer is rigid. The eigen value, thermal Marangoni number (TMN) is solved exactly for linear, parabolic and inverted parabolic temperature profiles for the adiabatic thermal boundary conditions at the horizontal boundaries of the composite layer. The influence of various dimensionless parameters on the eigen value against depth ratio is discussed in detail.

The influence of linear, parabolic and inverted parabolic temperature gradients on the onset of double-diffusive Rayleigh-Darcy convection is theoretically investigated. The composite system is constrained horizontally by adiabatic and free-free thermal boundaries, and appropriate interfacial boundary conditions are used to connect fluid-porous layers. The regular perturbation approach is used to determine the critical Rayleigh number expression for different temperature gradients. Graphs are used to investigate the significance of a variety of dimensionless characteristics. The couple stress parameter, couple stress viscosity ratio, solute Rayleigh number, and solute diffusivity ratio clearly have a stabilizing effect on the system, whereas the Darcy number and thermal diffusivity ratio destabilize it.

Two - component / Double Diffusive Marangoni (DDM) convection with Dufour effects, in a two-layered system, has been studied analytically by using Darcy – Brinkmann Model. For fluid layer, the upper boundary is free with surface tension depending on both temperature and concentration, for porous layer the lower boundary is rigid and both the boundaries are insulating to both heat and mass. At the interface, the normal velocity, normal stress, shear stress, mass, mass flux, heat, heat flux is assumed to be continuous. The effect of different physical parameters on DDM convection is investigated in detail and results are presented graphically. The effect of Dufour parameter, which plays vital role in diffusion-thermal process, when the energy flux due to mass gradient appears, on DDM convection in a two- layer system, has been explored.

In a composite layer that comprises of a porous layer which is sparsely packed and saturated with two component incompressible fluid and above this porous layer lays a layer of the same fluid, with variable heat sources or sinks in both the layers double diffusive non-Darcian Benard Marangoni (DDNBM) convection is investigated. The upper surface of the composite layer has Marangoni effects which depend on temperature and concentration, whereas the lower surface is rigid. The inverted parabolic, parabolic and linear temperature profile is applied to this composite layer, which is surrounded by adiabatic boundaries. The appropriate thermal Marangoni numbers (TMANs) which are the eigen values (EVs) are calculated for all the three temperature gradients. The impact of different parameters on the EVs with respect to depth ratio is examined, thoroughly. The parameters that effect DDNBM convection are found.

Double diffusive convection is the phenomena that describes the convection driven by two differ-ent densities which have different rates of diffusion. A comparison of two temperature boundaries when i) both the surfaces are set at adiabatic temperature, and ii)upper free surface is adiabatic and lower rigid surface is isothermal cases, on surface tension driven double diffusive convection in a horizontal composite layer is studied analytically using exact method. For both cases i) and ii), the thermal Marangoni number (Tmn) is determined, which is the eigen value, for upper free and lower rigid velocity boundary conditions. The results indicate that the given system is a fluid dominant composite system and adiabatic-isothermal thermal boundary is more stable compare to adiabatic-adiabatic boundary condition.

Repercussions of uniform/non-uniform thermal gradients such as linear, parabolic, inverted parabolic, piecewise linear gradient heated from below (PLHB), piecewise linear gradient cooled from above (PLCA) and step function (SF) thermal gradients in conjunction with magnetic flux on the onset of Darcy-Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni (DRBMM) convection in a composite layer involving incompressible fluid and holding horizontal adiabatic boundaries, rigid beneath the porous layer and free aloft the fluid layer is performed apropos to Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE). Regular Perturbation method is exercised to attain the analytical solution of the acquired problem. For all the six thermal gradients, (i) The strength of variables such as solid phase thermal expansion ratio, solid phase thermal diffusivity ratio and inter-phase thermal diffusivity ratio that boosts LTNE are analysed and (ii) The influence of change in measure of physical quantities viz. fluid phase thermal expansion ratio, fluid phase thermal diffusivity ratio, Chandrasekhar number and Marangoni number are studied.

The domination by Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) with regard to the onset of Darcy-Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni (DRBM) convection swayed by magnetic field in a composite layer set-up is studied pertinent to incompressible fluid. The precinct above the fluid layer is presumed to be free and that below the porous layer is presumed to be rigid. Regular perturbation technique is exercised on the acquired problem to achieve the analytical solution taking adiabatic-adiabatic conditions into account at the boundaries. Effects of parameters such as solid phase thermal expansion ratio, solid phase thermal diffusivity ratio and inter-phase thermal diffusivity ratio that influences LTNE are discussed. The impact of change in measures of variables viz. fluid phase thermal expansion ratio, fluid phase thermal diffusivity ratio, porous parameter, thermal ratio, Chandrasekhar number and Marangoni number with respect to both LTNE and LTE situations are together explored and portrayed graphically. It is to be noted that for smaller values of fluid phase thermal expansion ratio and fluid phase thermal diffusivity ratio, the LTNE effects are prominent and cannot be ignored.

Outcomes of uniform as well as non-uniform temperature profiles that is linear, parabolic, inverted parabolic, Piecewise Linear Profile Heated from Below (PLHB), Piecewise Linear Profile Cooled from Above (PLCA) and Step Function (SF) temperature profile on the onset of Double Diffusive Magneto-Darcy-Rayleigh-Benard (DDMDRB) Convection in a two layer set up in the presence of Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium with incompressible fluid horizontally surrounded by adiabatic rigid boundaries. Analytical solution to the attained problem is accomplished by means of regular perturbation technique. The consequences of altering the parameters namely fluid phase thermal expansion ratio, solid phase thermal expansion ratio, solid phase thermal diffusivity ratio, inter-phase diffusivity ratio, solute Rayleigh number, Chandrasekhar number, thermal ratio and porous parameter have been elucidated graphically.

The impact of non-uniform temperature gradients on Rayleigh-Darcy convection in a composite system of couple stress fluid is discussed. The composite system is bounded by stress-free surfaces and adiabatically insulated, and the fluid-porous layers are coupled by employing appropriate interfacial boundary conditions. To determine the eigen value, the regular perturbation method is used. The effect of dimensionless parameters on Rayleigh-Darcy convection is analysed graphically, and it is demonstrated that the couple stress parameter and couple stress viscosity ratio stabilise the system, while the opposite effect is observed for the Darcy number and thermal diffusivity ratio.

Onset of Double Diffusive Rayleigh-Benard-Magneto (DDRBM) convection is studied for a double layered system composed of incompressible fluid confined by adiabatic rigid peripheries under the governance of Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE). Result of the acquired problem is obtained analytically through the mode of Regular Perturbation. Consequence of physical factors such as solid phase thermal expansion ratio, solid phase thermal diffusivity ratio and inter-phase thermal diffusivity ratio that favours LTNE are being analysed. The outcome of altering the constraints namely fluid phase thermal expansion ratio, solute Rayleigh number, Chandrasekhar number, thermal ratio, concentration ratio, fluid phase solute diffusivity ratio, solute diffusivity ratio in fluid layer and porous layer subject to LTNE set-up are paralleled with that of LTE set-up with diagrammatic representation.

Data security is the primary concern in the world, while storing large and confidential data in the cloud. Cloud Computing is a powerful internet-oriented technology which gives demand-based services to the users. But security is the major problem here when we use cloud computing networks. So, using secured cryptography algorithms only will protect data from attackers and gives security to the big data in cloud. It is mainly used for transmission of data in secured format. This paper proposed new enhanced hybrid security algorithm to give better security for Big Data in cloud. They are Hybrid Matrix hash key generation algorithm (HMHA) and Anonymous Multi-Fusion Shuffling Algorithm (AMSA).

The chakras are a portion of the subtle body which circulate energy. Manipura chakra is the third chakra of seven chakra is the home of agni, the fire element. Agni (digestive fire) and Pachaka pitta (Food digestive fire) is the energy centre for digestive function when these are out of balance which may trigger high blood sugar levels. The present review pores correlation between manipura chakra, agni and pachaka pitta in diabetes mellitus and upon balancing the manipura chakra energy by food, Aromatherapy and yoga practice will show a drastic reduction in your glucose level and treat diabetes mellitus.

In the presence of a constant heat source/sink in both layers of the porous–fluid system, the Darcy–Bènard Triple-Diffusive Convection (DBTDC) problem is investigated for two types of Thermal Boundary Combinations (TBCs). For type (i) adiabatic–adiabatic and type (ii) adiabatic–isothermal TBCs, the system of ordinary differential equations derived from normal mode analysis is solved in closed form for the eigenvalue, Thermal Marangoni Number (TMN). The depth ratio thoroughly explains the influence of several parameters on the eigenvalue, hence on DBTDMC. It is noticed that the parameters in the study have a larger influence on the porous layer dominant composite layer systems than that on the fluid layer dominant composite systems.

In the presence of a constant heat source and sink in each layer, the Non-Darcian Triple Diffusive Convection (NDTDC) problem in a combined layer that is horizontally infinite is examined. This composite layer is rigid and adiabatic in the lower enclosure of the porous layer and free as well as isothermal in the higher enclosure of the fluid layer. The thermal Marangoni number (tMn) for two cases of thermal boundary combinations (TBCs), case (i) adiabatic–adiabatic and case (ii) adiabatic–isothermal, is determined by solving the system of ordinary differential equations obtained following normal mode analysis in closed form. The effect of important parameters on NDTDC is studied in detail and illustrated visually versus the thermal ratio. It is noticed that case (i) is observed to be stable because the Eigenvalue obtained is higher than that for case (ii) and NDTDC can be postponed by making the upper boundary of the combined layer adiabatic and the same is augmented by converting the upper boundary of the combined layer to isothermal, as isothermal boundaries support early convections.

In this study, the non-Darcy Three-Component Marangoni (NDTCM) convection issue is investigated in closed form using a non-Darcy model for the porous layer with constant heat source/ sink (HSS) and uniform vertical magnetic field in a two-layer system with a porous layer under a fluid layer. This two-layer construction has a rigid and adiabatic lower enclosure for the porous layer and a free adiabatic/ isothermal upper enclosure for the liquid layer. The thermal Marangoni numbers (TMNs) for lower rigid and upper free boundaries with surface tension, depending on both temperature and concentrations, are determined in closed form for two cases of temperature boundary conditions (TBCs), Case (i) Adiabatic–Adiabatic and Case (ii) Adiabatic–Isothermal. The ordinary differential equations are solved by an exact method of solution to attain an analytical expression for the Marangoni number. The impacts of applicable factors are discussed elaborately versus thermal ratio and shown graphically using MATHEMATICA. It is noticed that case (i) TBC is stable as the eigenvalue obtained is higher than that for case (ii) TBC for the fluid layer dominant (FLD) two-layer systems.

The problem of non-Darcian-Bènard double diffusive magneto-Marangoni convection is considered in a horizontal infinite two layer system. The system consists of a two-component fluid layer placed above a porous layer, saturated with the same fluid with a constant heat sources/sink in both the layers, in the presence of a vertical magnetic field. The lower porous layer is bounded by rigid boundary, while the upper boundary of the fluid region is free with the presence of Marangoni effects. The system of ordinary differential equations obtained after normal mode analysis is solved in a closed form for the eigenvalue and the Thermal Marangoni Number (TMN) for two cases of Thermal Boundary Combinations (TBC); these are type (i) Adiabatic-Adiabatic and type (ii) Adiabatic-Isothermal. The corresponding two TMNs are obtained and the impacts of the porous parameter, solute Marangoni number, modified internal Rayleigh numbers, viscosity ratio, and the diffusivity ratios on the non-Darcian-Bènard double diffusive magneto - Marangoni convection are studied in detail.

The problem of Benard double diffusive Marangoni convection is investigated in a horizontally infinite composite layer system enclosed by adiabatic boundaries for Darcy model. This composite layer is subjected to three temperature gradients with constant heat sources in both the layers. The lower boundary of the porous region is rigid and upper boundary of the fluid region is free with Marangoni effects. The Eigenvalue problem of a system of ordinary differential equations is solved in closed form for the Thermal Marangoni number, which happens to be the Eigen value. The three different temperature profiles considered are linear, parabolic and inverted parabolic profiles with the corresponding thermal Marangoni numbers are obtained. The impact of the porous parameter, modified internal Rayleigh number, solute Marangoni number, solute diffusivity ratio and the diffusivity ratio on Darcy-Benard double diffusive Marangoni convection are investigated in detail.

This paper focused on the goals of monetary policy on how to take action to reduce the inflation rate and achieve economic stability in India. The monetary policy the arm of public policy the usual goals of monetary policy are to achieve full employment, to achieve high rate of economic growth, and to stabilize prices and wages, to maintain equilibrium the balance of payment, influencing the cost and availability of credit and increasing the repo rate by central bank and Government of India. Every country needs to achieve price stability in economic development. The inflation rate below close to 2% is low enough to allow the economy to benefit fully from price stability and avoid deflation risk and, beyond the level of inflation above 3 to 10% in any economy of the country, it’s harmful to the economy. Present India’s consumer price inflation rate was (CPI) 3.9% and the whole sale inflation rate of (WPI) 1.8% in the Financial Year of 2019. According to Econometric models estimated in 2020, India’s inflation rate is projected around 4.5%. In this study, we study whether inflation is an effective tool for controlling inflation and achieving economic stability in India?

The physical configuration of the problem is a porous-fluid layer which is horizontally unbounded, in the presence of uniform heat source/sink in the layers enclosed by adiabatic and isothermal boundaries. The problem of double diffusive Bènard-Marangoni convection in the presence of vertical magnetic field is investigated on this porous-fluid system for non-Darcian case and is subjected to uniform and nonuniform temperature gradients. The eigenvalue, thermal Marangoni number is obtained in the closed form for lower rigid and upper free with surface tension velocity boundary conditions. The influence of various parameters on the Marangoni number against thermal ratio is discussed. It is observed that the heat absorption in the fluid layer and the applied magnetic field play an important role in controlling Benard-Marangoni convection. The parameters which direct this convection are determined and the effect of porous parameter is relatively interesting.

Identifying the missed and kidnapped children at the later age will be a quit challenging process. To overcome the challenge, this research work has proposed a new Children Face Recognition (CFR) application using Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. To the best of our knowledge, the existence of children face image dataset, which is created in a fruitful process has not been reported in the earlier literature. Hence, to this consequence, this research work has addressed the problem of developing the children face recognition model with a suitable dataset. A model has been proposed by using machine learning pipeline that consists of pre-processing, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and learning model. To this end, an attempt has also been made to classify the face images of children by training a multi-classification algorithm with the ensemble techniques such as Bagging and Boosting. During the dataset creation, 40,828 longitudinal face images of 271 young children of age from 4 to 14 years are captured over the duration of 30 months. This extensive experimentation has analyzed that few projection vectors of k-NN classifier has achieved a high accuracy of about 93.05%.

The problem of triple diffusive surface tension driven convection is investigated in a composite layer in the presence of vertical magnetic field. A closed form solution is obtained under microgravity condition. The parameters suitable for fluid layer dominant and porous layer dominant composite layers are determined. The parameters appropriate for controlling the convection are determined which are useful to manufacture pure crystals.

A connected graph G is Hamiltonian laceable if there is a Hamiltonian path exists among any two nodes in G at an odd number distance. G is Hamiltonian-t-laceable if there is a Hamiltonian path among any two nodes u and v with d(u,v) = t. In this article we extend the Hamiltonian-t-laceability of Brick product C(2n,1,r) for even t, 2 ≤ t ≤ diamG with a fault tolerant edge.