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This article presents a proposal framed in urban visual analytics, which aims to facilitate the exploration and analysis of zonal spatial indicators over time for a case of a large city-region. The context in which this exploration is carried out is the evaluation of the impact of interventions in land use and transportation, based on data produced by an integrated simulation system. The large amount of data to evaluate a scenario makes urgent the effort to design new interactive analysis environments. The resulting prototype (VIZ-BUS: Visual Analytics for Bogota Urban Simulator) has, for its design, an analyst-centric approach to the analysis task. Our first web deployment has been very well received by urban planning specialists in order to evaluate scenarios for a sustainable and smart city-region.

A new species of the genus Metaxonchium is described from a natural habitat in Iran. Metaxonchium magnum sp. n. is characterized by its 3.62–4.65 mm long body, lip region cap-like and offset by constriction and 13–16 μm wide, odontostyle fusiform and 14–17 μm long, neck 1016–1359 μm long, both parts of the pharynx separated by a short isthmus-like narrowing, pharyngeal expansion occupying 74.2 (73–77)% of total neck length in females and 70.4 (66–72)% in males, female genital system mono-opistho-ovarian, didelphic, anterior genital branch a large uterine sac with a small terminal mass occupying 7–14% of body length, posterior uterus long and tripartite with a Z-like differentiation, V = 50–52, caudal region short and rounded (24–41 μm, c = 99–161, c′ = 0.5–0.7), spicules 90–105 μm long and 10–13 spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Analysis of D2–D3 28S rDNA sequences of the new species suggests that Metaxonchium might not be a monophyletic taxon, a matter that should be confirmed after future research.

The evolutionary relationships of the nematode genus Loofilaimus are explored with an integrative approach, combining morphological and molecular (28S-rDNA) data. Never recorded since its original description in 1998, the finding of fresh specimens of its type and only species, L. phialistoma, allowed us to obtain SEM observations and sequencing, both for the first time, resulting in relevant aspects to elucidate its phylogeny. Morphologically, the genus is characterized by two autapomorphies affecting its lip region and pharynx. Molecular study revealed that it represents a very restricted evolutionary trend within Dorylaimida. The clade (Nygolaimina + (Loofilaimus + Dorylaimina)) is well supported. Loofilaimidae is accepted as a separate and valid family, which should also include Bertzuckermania.

Background: In Peru, the current immunization schedule for COVID-19 includes BBIBP-CorV, BNT162B2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines. Although the full immunization schedule is two doses, some countries have recently included a booster dose to their schedule. Methods: We conducted a search for scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of booster vaccination with BNT162b2 vaccine in a population with a complete vaccination schedule for COVID-19 in Peru. Evidence: Four evidence-based recommendation documents, one observational study and three ongoing phase III clinical trials were included for analysis. Conclusion: To date, there is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of adding a booster dose to the immunization schedule for COVID-19. The available evidence does not justify the use of a booster dose of BNT162B2 vaccine in a population that has previously received two doses of the aforementioned vaccines. Introducción: En el Perú, el programa actual de inmunización para COVID-19 comprende las vacunas BBIBP-CorV, BNT162B2 y ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Si bien el esquema de inmunización es de dos dosis, algunos países han incluido recientemente una dosis de refuerzo a su esquema.Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de evidencia científica sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la vacunación de refuerzo con la vacuna BNT162b2 en población con esquema de vacunación completa para COVID-19 en Perú. Evidencia incluida: Se consideraron cuatro documentos de recomendación basados en evidencia, un estudio observacional y tres ensayos clínicos fase III en curso. Conclusión: A la fecha, no existe evidencia suficiente sobre la eficacia de agregar una dosis de refuerzo al esquema de inmunización para COVID-19. La evidencia disponible no permite justificar el uso de una dosis de refuerzo con la vacuna BNT162B2 en población que recibió previamente dos dosis de las vacunas anteriormente mencionadas.

In the present work is present an alternative to calculate, by analytical considerations, the angular dependence of coercivity for an extensive (infinite) array of ellipsoid chains. Ellipsoids of Ni with semi-axis a = 15 nm and c = ea, were the basis of the present study with e = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. The center to center ellipsoid’s distance (into the chain) was r = 2c, and the coercivity was calculated for different values of e and d as a function of the angle of application of external field, measured from the chain axis. The energetic contributions, for calculations, were the dipolar and Zeeman. Combinations of the chain’s packing factor with different ellipsoid’s aspect ratios were used for the calculation of anisotropy field, HA. A direct calculation of inter-ellipsoid interaction was performed assuming uniform reversion by using the Stoner-Wohlfarth model. The dipolar contribution corresponding to the inter-chain interaction was estimated according to experimental results obtained for Ni nanowires arrays with hexagonal spatial distribution. In order to evaluate the inter-chain interaction the distance (d) was set at 55, 60, and 65 nm. The combination of these geometric parameters results in great modifications of coercivity values. With some limitations, the work here is important for comparative studies with experimental results. The model results reproduce those obtained by micromagnetic simulation reported in previous works.

Herein, were analyzed the effects of Sr and Ni addition on the morphological, electronic and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by the sol gel route. Morphological analysis showed agglomerated particles with nonuniform shapes (polyhedral, hexagonal and spherical) and the average size distributions were calculated counting more than 100 nanoparticles (sizes between 43 and 75 nm). For pure ZnO sample, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) showed bright and concentric discontinuous diffraction rings, while the co-doped samples, presented patterns well-organized concentric circular rings, typical of reflection of regularly arranged atoms. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was employed to analyze the intrinsic defects due to the dopant inclusion. In addition, the EPR spectra were simulated using the spin quantum number (S = 1) for Ni2+ to understand the experimental results. Ni ions were used as a local probe in the comparative study by EPR, capturing subtle modifications in the zero-field interactions due to induced strain in the lattice. Microscopically the changes observed, through the EPR study, result from the reduction of the axial distortion of the ligand field and increasing in the distortion perpendicular to the principal axis. Magnetic study showed a typical significant diamagnetism at 300 K, while a paramagnetic contribution was more evident at 4 K. The work contributes to clarify the complex magnetic response in ZnO nanoparticles doped and co-doped with Sr and Ni.

Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic elements that encode a wide variety of phenotypes and can be maintained in bacterial populations through vertical and horizontal transmission, thus increasing bacterial adaptation to hostile environmental conditions like those imposed by antimicrobial sub-stances. To circumvent the segregational instability resulting from randomly distributing plasmids between daughter cells upon division, non-transmissible plasmids tend to be carried in multiple copies per cell, with the added benefit of exhibiting increased gene dosage and resistance levels. But carrying multiple copies also results in a high metabolic burden to the bacterial host, therefore reducing the overall fitness of the population. This trade-off poses an existential question for plasmids: What is the optimal plasmid copy number? In this manuscript, we address this question by postulating and analyzing a population genetics model to evaluate the interaction between selective pressure, the number of plasmid copies carried by each cell, and the metabolic burden associated with plasmid bearing in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits. Parameter values of the model were estimated experimentally usingEscherichia coliK12 carrying a multicopy plasmid encoding for a fluorescent protein andblaTEM-1, a gene conferring resistance toβ-lactam antibiotics. By numerically determining the optimal plasmid copy number for constant and fluctuating selection regimes, we show that plasmid copy number is a highly optimized evolutionary trait that depends on the rate of environmental fluctuation and balances the benefit between increased stability in the absence of selection with the burden associated with carrying multiple copies of the plasmid.

In the heart, alternative splicing of the igf-I gene produces two isoforms: IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc, (Mechano-growth factor, MGF). The sequence divergence between their E-domain regions suggests differential isoform function. To define the biological actions of MGF’s E-domain, we performed in silico analysis of the unique C-terminal sequence and identified a phosphorylation consensus site residing within a putative 14-3-3 binding motif. To test the functional significance of Ser 18 phosphorylation, phospho-mimetic (S/E18) and phospho-null (S/A18) peptides were delivered to mice at different doses for 2 weeks. Cardiovascular function was measured using echocardiography and a pressure-volume catheter. At the lowest (2.25 mg/kg/day) and highest (9 mg/kg/day) doses, the peptides produced a depression in systolic and diastolic parameters. However, at 4.5 mg/kg/day the peptides produced opposing effects on cardiac function. Fractional shortening analysis also showed a similar trend, but with no significant change in cardiac geometry. Microarray analysis discovered 21 genes (FDR p < 0.01), that were expressed accordant with the opposing effects on contractile function at 4.5 mg/kg/day, with the nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (Nr4a2) identified as a potential target of peptide regulation. Testing the regulation of the Nr4a family, showed the E-domain peptides modulate Nr4a gene expression following membrane depolarization with KCl in vitro. To determine the potential role of 14-3-3 proteins, we examined 14-3-3 isoform expression and distribution. 14-3-3γ localized to the myofilaments in neonatal cardiac myocytes, the cardiac myocytes and myofilament extracts from the adult heart. Thermal shift analysis of recombinant 14-3-3γ protein showed the S/A18 peptide destabilized 14-3-3γ folding. Also, the S/A18 peptide significantly inhibited 14-3-3γ’s ability to interact with myosin binding protein C (MYPC3) and phospholamban (PLN) in heart lysates from dobutamine injected mice. Conversely, the S/E18 peptide showed no effect on 14-3-3γ stability, did not inhibit 14-3-3γ’s interaction with PLN but did inhibit the interaction with MYPC3. Replacing the glutamic acid with a phosphate group on Ser 18 (pSer18), significantly increased 14-3-3γ protein stability. We conclude that the state of Ser 18 phosphorylation within the 14-3-3 binding motif of MGF’s E-domain, modulates protein-protein interactions within the 14-3-3γ interactome, which includes proteins involved in the regulation of contractile function.

The type species of the genus

Our current understanding of the mechanisms that underpin language production in human-computer dialogue (HCD) is sparse. What work there is in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) supposes that people tend to adapt their language allocentrically, taking into account the perceived limitations of their partners, when talking to computers. Yet, debates in human-human dialogue (HHD) research suggest that people may also act egocentrically when producing language in dialogue. Our research aims to identify whether, similar to HHD, users also produce egocentric language within speech-based HCD interactions and how this behaviour compares to interaction with human dialogue partners. Such knowledge benefits the field of HCI by better understanding the mechanisms present in language production during HCD, which can be used to build more nuanced theories and models of user behaviour to inform research and design of speech interfaces. Through two controlled experiments using an adapted director-matcher task similar to those used in research on perspective-taking in psycholinguistics, we show that people do take the computer's perspective into account less (i.e. behave more egocentrically) during HCD than in HHD (Experiment 1). However, this egocentric effect is eliminated when computers are framed as separate interlocutors rather than computers integrated in the interactive system and where differences in perspective are made salient, leading to similar levels of perspective-taking as with human partners (Experiment 2). We discuss the findings, emphasising potential explanations for this effect, focusing on how egocentric and allocentric production processes may interact, along with the impact of partner roles and the division of labour in HCD as an underlying explanation for the effects seen.

espanolLa linfangitis es un proceso inflamatorio de los linfaticos por causas infecciosas o no infecciosas. El origen mas comun es la inoculacion cutanea de microorganismos en los vasos linfaticos a traves de un defecto cutaneo o como complicacion de una infeccion distal. Los patogenos causantes incluyen bacterias, virus, hongos y parasitos. Las manifestaciones clinicas son variables (linfangitis aguda, nodular, filarial, no periferica, no infecciosa y de otras enfermedades subyacentes y iatrogenicas). El diagnostico clinico se basa en la historia clinica y la exploracion fisica; mientras el etiologico se realiza sobre la epidemiologia, las caracteristicas clinicas y las pruebas analiticas (VSG, PCR) y microbiologicas (frotis, aspirado o biopsias para cultivos bacterianos, fungicos y micobacterias, incluso con incubacion prolongada; serologias, frotis de sangre y metodos moleculares para organismos especificos infrecuentes). Las tecnicas de imagen (linfangiografia y linfogammagrafia) permiten valorar las alteraciones anatomicas del sistema linfatico, aunque no aportan informacion sobre la etiologia. EnglishLymphangitis is an inflammatory process of the lymphatic system of infectious or non-infectious cause. Cutaneous inoculation of microorganisms into the lymphatic vessels through a cutaneous defect or as a complication of a distal infection is the most common cause. The causative pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The clinical manifestations vary (acute, nodular, filarial, non-peripheral, non-infectious, and other underlying and iatrogenic diseases). Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination. Etiological diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical features and analytical (ESR, CRP) and microbiological tests (smears, aspirate, or biopsies for bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial cultures, even with prolonged incubation; serology, blood smears and molecular methods for specific infrequent organisms). Imaging techniques (lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy) allow the assessment of anatomical disturbances of the lymphatic system, but they do not provide information on etiology.

espanolLa isquemia mesenterica se debe a la reduccion del flujo sanguineo a nivel intestinal. Si esta situacion se prolonga en el tiempo, es potencialmente mortal. La clinica de esta entidad es inespecifica y no suele ser visible hasta estadios avanzados de necrosis intestinal. Por tanto, recordar los factores de riesgo y mantener un indice de sospecha alto es esencial en el pronostico. Para el diagnostico seran precisas las tecnicas de imagen, como la angio-tomografia computarizada y la angiografia (que en algunos casos permitira realizar intervenciones terapeuticas). La revascularizacion precoz es esencial. El tratamiento endovascular evoluciona constantemente, cada vez transmite mayor seguridad y tiene mas indicaciones; aun asi, la cirugia abierta es esencial en el manejo de la isquemia mesenterica. Por todo esto, se recomienda que los pacientes con isquemia mesenterica sean valorados y tratados en centros especializados que puedan ofrecer una valoracion multidisciplinar, asi como un tratamiento tanto abierto como endovascular. EnglishMesenteric ischaemia is due to reduced blood flow at the level of the intestine. It is life-threatening if prolonged over time. The clinical manifestations of this entity are non-specific and not usually visible until advanced stages of intestinal necrosis. Therefore, remembering the risk factors and maintaining a high rate of suspicion is essential for its prognosis. Imaging techniques such as CT angiography and angiography (which in some cases will allow therapeutic interventions) are required for diagnosis. Early revascularisation is essential. Endovascular treatment is constantly evolving, increasingly safe and has more indications, yet open surgery is essential to manage mesenteric ischaemia. It is recommended, therefore, that patients with mesenteric ischaemia be assessed and treated in specialist centres that can offer multidisciplinary assessment, and open and endovascular treatment.

espanolLa enfermedad renovascular es una entidad potencialmente irreversible (perdida de la funcion renal con necesidad de dialisis o incluso la muerte) si no es diagnosticada y tratada de forma correcta. La alta sospecha clinica debe orientar para realizar las pruebas diagnosticas adecuadas, entre las cuales la eco-Doppler es la herramienta principal. Una vez realizado el diagnostico, la seleccion de los pacientes que van a beneficiarse de tratamiento medico, quirurgico o endovascular es compleja y nos tenemos que ayudar de los indicadores disponibles, aunque no tengan un nivel de evidencia elevado. EnglishRenovascular disease is a potentially irreversible condition (loss of kidney function requiring dialysis and even resulting in death) if not correctly diagnosed and treated. High clinical suspicion should guide the appropriate diagnostic tests, the main test being Doppler ultrasound. Once a diagnosis has been made, selecting the patients who will benefit from medical, surgical, or endovascular treatment is complex and we must use the available indicators, even if they do not have a high level of evidence.

espanolLa patologia venosa aguda incluye la trombosis venosa profunda, la trombosis venosa superficial y el traumatismo venoso. Nos ocuparemos unicamente de la primera entidad. Su interes radica en su frecuencia, gravedad (embolia pulmonar), recurrencias, secuelas (sindrome postrombotico) e implicaciones sociales y economicas. Se trata de una enfermedad multifactorial. Triada de Virchow: factor parietal (traumatismo), hemodinamico (estasis) y sanguineo (hipercoagulabilidad). La clinica (dolor y edema) no es util para el diagnostico. Un algoritmo que incluye una prueba de prediccion clinica, dimero D y eco-Doppler (prueba de eleccion) representa una estrategia diagnostica eficaz y eficiente. La flebografia y/o angiotomografia computarizada se reservan para los casos dudosos. La anticoagulacion es el metodo de eleccion en la fase aguda y de prevencion secundaria. En ellas, los anticoagulantes orales directos compiten con las heparinas de bajo peso molecular. La duracion de la anticoagulacion, el momento de suspenderla y la decision de extender el tratamiento son relevantes para evitar recidivas y complicaciones. El tratamiento ambulatorio es un aspecto de gran importancia clinica, social y economica, donde la seleccion de pacientes cobra gran importancia. Otros tratamientos (fibrinolisis con cateter, interrupcion de la vena cava inferior, etc.) presentan indicaciones muy especificas. EnglishAcute venous disease includes deep vein thrombosis, superficial vein thrombosis and venous trauma. We will deal only with the first, which is interesting due to its frequency, severity (pulmonary embolism), recurrence, sequelae (post-thrombotic syndrome) and social and economic implications. It is a multifactorial disease. Virchow's triad: parietal (trauma), haemodynamic (stasis) and blood (hypercoagulability) factors. Clinical symptoms (pain and oedema) are not helpful for diagnosis. An algorithm including a clinical predictive test, D-dimer, and echo-Doppler (test of choice) is an effective and efficient diagnostic strategy. Phlebography and/or computerised angiotomography are reserved for borderline cases. Anticoagulation is the method of choice in the acute and secondary prevention phase. In these phases, direct oral anticoagulants compete with low molecular weight heparins. The duration of anticoagulation, timing of discontinuation and decision to extend treatment must be considered to avoid relapses and complications. Outpatient treatment is an aspect of great clinical, social, and economic relevance, where patient selection is very important. Other treatments (catheter fibrinolysis, interruption of the inferior vena cava etc.) have very specific indications.