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Objective: Our purpose in this study is to investigate whether blindness affects vestibulocollic reflex. Material and Methods: This is a prospective case control series. We recorded cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential in 29 blind and 26 sighted subjects, and compared the latency and amplitude values. Results: Twenty one of the blind subjects were male and 8 were female, the average of age was 41.72±11.83 years. Nineteen of the sighted subjects were male and 7 were female, the average of age was 40.64±9.11 years. The average P13 latency value was 16.97±2.12 ms in the blind group and 15.40±0.88 ms in the sighted group. The average P13 latency value was longer in the blind group (p0.005). Conclusion: We determined that the P13 latency values and N23 latency values were longer in the blind group. Our study has shown that cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses in the blind individuals are different from the sighted individuals. Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, körlüğün vestibülokolik refleks yanıtları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, prospektif vaka kontrol çalışmasıdır. Çalışmamızda, 29 görme engelli ve 26 normal görmeye sahip bireyde servikal vestibüler uyarılmış miyojenik potansiyeli kaydettik, latans ve amplitüd değerlerini karşılaştırdık. Bulgular: Görme engelli bireylerin 21’i erkek, 8’i kadın olup yaş ortalaması 41,72±11,83 yıl idi. Görmesi normal olanların 19’u erkek, 7’si kadın olup; yaş ortalaması 40,64±9,11 yıl idi. Ortalama P13 latans değeri, görme engelli grupta 16,97±2,12 ms; görmesi normal olan grupta ise 15,40±0,88 ms idi. Görme engelli grupta ortalama P13 latans değeri, görmesi normal olan gruba göre daha uzamış saptandı (p0,005). Sonuç: Görme engelli grupta P13 ve N23 latans değerlerinin daha uzun olduğunu belirledik. Çalışmamızda, görme engellilerde servikal vestibüler uyarılmış miyojenik potansiyel yanıtlarının görmesi, normal bireylerden farklı olduğunu ortaya konmuştur

Significant advances have been achieved in immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer. It is known that tumor cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment express high amounts of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). These PD-L1s interact with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), causing immunosuppression. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation between the serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. We also compared our results with the healthy population (control group).Thirthy-seven nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were operated in our clinic were included in our study. The control group included fifteen healthy patients. The sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were measured in serum samples by using the ELISA method.The preoperative sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (44.12 ± 22.25 pg/mL vs. 18.54 ± 6.56 pg/mL; p = 0.001 and 26.15 ± 18.03 pg/mL vs. 10.29 ± 3.08 pg/mL; p = 0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant decline in serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels at the preoperative and postoperative 1st, 7th, and 30th days following surgical resection (44.12 ± 22.25 pg/mL, 37.86 ± 18.02 pg/mL, 36.33 ± 18.36 pg/mL, 34.14 ± 13.71 pg/mL; p = 0.007 and 26.15 ± 18.03 pg/mL, 20.60 ± 15.50 pg/mL, 18.31 ± 14.04 pg/mL, 13.64 ± 10.60 pg/mL; p = 0.001, respectively).There was a positive correlation between the preoperative and postoperative 30th day serum sPD-1 levels and the tumor size (p = 0.031, r = 0.352; p = 0.024, r = 0.371; respectively). We also found a positive correlation between the preoperative and postoperative 30th day serum sPD-L1 levels and pleural invasion (p = 0.001, p = 0.001; respectively), and the N category (p = 0.015, p = 0.013; respectively).We think that sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels may be used as a potential biomarker for lung cancer screening, prediction of the stage, and besides to detect recurrences and/or metastases following resection in NSCLC following validation with multicenter and larger-scale prospective trials.

Background/aim: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common situation and rapid diagnosis and risk classification are important in the prevention and management of AKI. Changes in serum creatinine (SCr) levels in the current consensus criteria do not allow clinicians to diagnose CPB-associated AKI until 48 h after surgery. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective single center study involving 57 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CBP to compare serum beta-trace protein (BTP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-2 (NGAL), and cystatin C (CysC) levels with SCr for early diagnosis of CPB associated AKI. We defined AKI according to KDIGO criteria. Results: AKI was diagnosed in 24 (42.1%) patients. Mean duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay was 4.79 (± 6.12) days for the AKI+ group and 2.15 (± 0.56) days for the AKI- group. The average length of hospital stay was 8.13 (± 5.75) days for the AKI+ group and 7.21 (± 3.68) days for the AKI- group, which was significantly longer in the AKI+ group (P < 0.001, P = 0.011). Unlike other biomarkers, a significant increase in postoperative CysC levels was always found in patients with AKI during follow-up when compared to patients in whom AKI did not develop (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Increase in serum CysC levels showed a significant positive correlation with increase in SCr levels. We have not seen this correlation between other biomarkers and SCr. According to our study, serum CysC was a reliable biomarker that may aid in the early detection and follow-up of AKI after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate medial olivocochlear efferent system of babies with hyperbilirubinemia with normal auditory brain stem responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital. The study involved 40 hyperbilirubinemic and 44 healthy newborns. Cochlear and auditory activity of participants was evaluated by transient otoacoustic emissions (TOAEs) and brainstem auditory evoked response components (BAER). Medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex was evoked with contralateral acoustic stimulation and recorded with TOAEs. RESULTS: A comparison of the MOC reflex activity between two groups with Mann Whitney U test revealed that MOC reflex activity were significantly decreased in the hyberbilirubinemic group for both ears (p

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Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of combined and individual use of pericardial closure, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and resorbable adhesion barrier (REPEL-CV (R)) on pericardial adhesions on a rabbit model. Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly assigned to six groups: control, pericardium, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, resorbable membrane, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene + resorbable membrane, and pericardium + resorbable membrane. At the postoperative five weeks, the tenacity of the adhesions was evaluated using a qualitative grading system, and histological specimens were examined. Results: Resorbable membrane group had significantly lower tenacity scores, compared to the control, pericardium, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene groups (p

Pulmonary sequestration and congenital broncho-esophageal fistula are both rare malformations; nonetheless, in the presence of recurrent pulmonary infection, the possibility that one or the other may be involved should not be disregarded. To our knowledge, the concurrence of intralobar pulmonary sequestration and congenital broncho-esophageal fistula is very rare. Herein, we report a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration combined with congenital broncho-esophageal fistula, both of which were successfully treated with surgery.