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The relationship between race, disability and criminality is complex and poorly understood. Scant information, and lack of action, exists on how to best keep Indigenous people with disability out of the justice system, and support this cohort while in the system. This systematic scoping review collates grey and peer-reviewed literature in Australia, Aotearoa (New Zealand), the United States and Canada, to gain insight into the current practices in place for justice-involved Indigenous people with disability, and list promising principles which may inform future practice. We identified 1,301 sources, and 19 of these met the inclusion criteria. Across these sources, nine key principles emerged: need for Indigenous designed, led and owned approaches; appropriately identify and respond to disability/needs; appropriate court models; appropriate diversionary options; therapeutic, trauma-informed, strengths-based and agency-building responses; facilitate connection to family, community and support networks; break down communication barriers; protect human rights; and provide post-release support. Points of interest: Internationally, Indigenous people with disability are over-repre.sented in criminal justice systems. The reasons for this are complex and not well understood. Existing evidence suggests that long-lasting effects of colonisation; discrimination on the basis of race and disability; problems identifying and reporting disability; and lack of proper services contribute to this issue. Often, criminal justice systems do not recognise or support a person's disability until they reach crisis point. There is a critical need for culturally-appropriate and disability-appropriate interventions, such as diagnostic tools; training programs for police, correctional officers and other service providers; community court models; and more accessible communication. There is some evidence that Indigenous-led programs – involving country, culture, art, social connection and holistic healing – help prevent Indigenous people with disability from entering and re-entering justice systems. More research and evaluation is needed to determine how to better support Indigenous people with disability in contact with the justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In health care and care scholarship, care is often cast as a gift that exploits caregivers, or generates social debts and inequalities among people who require it. I broaden understandings of how care acquires and distributes value through ethnographic engagement with Yolŋu (an Australian First Nations people) with lived experience of kidney disease. I expand Baldassar and Merla's concept of the circulation of care to argue that value, like blood, circulates through caregiving practices of generalized reciprocity without transferring worth between caregivers and receivers. Here, the gift of care is neither agonistic or purely altruistic, entangling individual and collective value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with chronic diseases are likely to require some form of domestic care, however their care needs acquire low visibility in housing policy frameworks. Amongst Yolŋu (Indigenous Australians from north-east Arnhem Land), high rates of kidney disease reinforce needs for housing and care. I consider how access to housing shapes relations and practices of care in the families of Yolŋu renal patients in Darwin, Australia; and how Yolŋu relations and practices of care are implicated in housing policy. Through an ethnographic case study approach, I show that in Yolŋu families, practices of extending shelter to kin are care practices fundamental to the performance of domestic labour. I argue that while housing policy frameworks rely on familial relations and practices of care to reduce rough sleeping and achieve other policy objectives, Yolŋu relations and practices of care are also marginalised through the governance of public housing. The politics of care that play out in their places of residence reproduce housing precarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Premature onset of type 2 diabetes and excess mortality are critical issues internationally, particularly in Indigenous populations. There is an urgent need for developmentally appropriate and culturally safe models of care. We describe the methods for the codesign, implementation and evaluation of enhanced models of care with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living with type 2 diabetes across Northern Australia., Methods and Analysis: Our mixed-methods approach is informed by the principles of codesign. Across eight sites in four regions, the project brings together the lived experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people (aged 10-25) with type 2 diabetes, their families and communities, and health professionals providing diabetes care through a structured yet flexible codesign process. Participants will help identify and collaborate in the development of a range of multifaceted improvements to current models of care. These may include addressing needs identified in our formative work such as the development of screening and management guidelines, referral pathways, peer support networks, diabetes information resources and training for health professionals in youth type 2 diabetes management. The codesign process will adopt a range of methods including qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, art-based methods and healthcare systems assessments. A developmental evaluation approach will be used to create and refine the components and principles of enhanced models of care. We anticipate that this codesign study will produce new theoretical insights and practice frameworks, resources and approaches for age-appropriate, culturally safe models of care., Ethics and Dissemination: The study design was developed in collaboration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous researchers, health professionals and health service managers and has received ethical approval across all sites. A range of outputs will be produced to disseminate findings to participants, other stakeholders and the scholarly community using creative and traditional formats., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)