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BACKGROUND: Postharvest dehydration affects the metabolism of grapes, impacting odorous secondary metabolites and therefore the features of the corresponding passito wines – high‐quality products with winemaking practices linked to specific territories and related autochthonous grape varieties. Water loss and temperature conditions are the main variables of the dehydration process. This study assessed how they impacted the patterns of free and glycosylated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the exocarp (pulp) and epicarp (skin) in Nebbiolo and Aleatico, a neutral and semi‐aromatic red grape variety, respectively. Dehydration parameters were set in tunnel conditions, and VOCs were quantitatively analyzed by solid phase extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. RESULTS: For Nebbiolo grapes, weight loss had a greater impact on free volatiles than dehydration temperature, with a 20% weight loss increasing total VOCs in both exocarp and epicarp. Low temperature (10 °C) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the glycosylated VOCs' terpene content. In Aleatico grapes, weight loss was key in modulating free volatiles, with 30% weight loss and 15 °C leading to significant increases in VOCs, especially exocarp terpenes, acids and benzenoids. More stressful dehydration (30% weight loss at 25 °C) resulted in higher aroma precursor concentrations. CONCLUSION: These findings can assist passito wine production in preserving varietal aromas of original grapes trough optimized dehydration conditions, preventing sensory homologation occurring because of strong uncontrolled dehydration. They can also promote optimization of energy consumption, thus fostering financial and environmental sustainability. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five types of frankfurters were formulated: a control without tamarind (T0) and four samples using 5% tamarind pulp paste (PT5), seeds (ST5), peel (CT5), and a blend of all of them (PSCT5), replacing the same portion of meat. The inclusion of tamarind components led to a reduction in the moisture and protein content of the reformulated frankfurters. In terms of mineral composition, CT5 showed the highest (p < 0.05) calcium content. Additionally, ST5 and CT5 treatments demonstrated the lowest processing loss values. The pH was lower in the PT5 treatment (p < 0.05). Incorporating tamarind components reduced the lightness (L*) of the frankfurters, resulting in darker sausages. However, ST5 exhibited greater redness (a*), while higher yellowness (b*) values were observed in PT5 and CT5 treatments (p < 0.05). Texture analysis revealed no differences (p > 0.05) in hardness and chewiness between T0 and PT5; however, ST5 exhibited the highest values for these parameters (p < 0.05). No variation in the conformational order of the lipid acyl chains due to the incorporation of tamarind compounds was observed related to physical entrapment of these compounds in the frankfurter matrix. Both T0 and PT5 were well accepted by consumers, and scores higher than 7 were observed for overall acceptability and purchase intention. The study demonstrated that incorporating tamarind components, especially pulp paste (PT), is a viable alternative for replacing lean pork meat in frankfurters, improving the sustainable aspects of frankfurter production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical fingerprinting that add to the nutritional and nutraceutical value of the fruits during the ripening stages is beneficial for human consumption. Therefore, ripening-dependent changes in phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar Dusehri at various ripening stages were evaluated. Bioassays for phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and UHPLC/MS for phytochemical profiling was performed at five ripening stages (RSI-RSV). Total phenolic contents significantly increased from 4.25 to 13.08 µg GAE/mg extract upto stage III and non-significant decrease was observed thereafter. Flavonoid contents varied between 1.16 and 1.23 µg QE/mg extract. DPPH based free radical scavenging activity increased (41.07–52.33%) from stage I to stage V while FRSP based analysis showed decrease (53.01–27.61 µg TE/mg extract) in activity from stage I to stage V. Total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power potential of pulp extract gradually increased towards mango ripening stages. A non-significant change in amylase inhibition was observed from stage I to stage III that significantly dropped in stage IV and V. UHPLC analysis depicted that aconitic, methylisocitric, 2,4,6-Hydroxy benzoic acid and beta glucogallin, poly phenols, 1-Methylxanthine, 3-Furicacid, Heptenoic acid and many others are present at different ripening stages of dusehri mango. PCA analysis and hierarchal analysis show Stage I & II clustering while stages III-V make separate cluster. These phytochemiclas are responsible for many health benefits. The study concludes that dusehri mango have significant antioxidative capacity that are due to diverse phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regenerative therapies are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional dental treatments, aiming to preserve pulp vitality. Identifying an ideal biomaterial is crucial for the success of these therapies. Aims: This study is the first to evaluate and compare the toxicity of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA), NHA-lactoferrin (NHA-LF), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on dental pulp stem cells. Materials and Methods: Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals were functionalized with LF in a HEPES buffer to create the NHA-LF combination. MTA, CEM, and NHA were prepared under sterile conditions. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis. Games–Howell and Sidak tests were utilized for further analysis post-ANOVA. Results: The highest cytotoxicity was observed with NHA-LF at a 1000% concentration after 48 h, averaging 45.68%. In contrast, the lowest cytotoxicity was noted with MTA at a 10% concentration within 24 h, averaging 229.53%. There was a significant statistical relationship between substance type and cellular viability (P < 0.05), whereas time showed no significant impact (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant correlation between the type of biomaterial used and its effect on cellular proliferation and viability, with time showing no significant influence. All the tested materials can be categorized as noncytotoxic materials, except NHA-LF in the highest concentration (1000%). The study suggests prioritizing low-dose NHA-LF for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop an alcoholic product by fermentation of jabuticaba fruit pulp. The herbal beverage was prepared by inoculation with different strains of S. cerevisiae viz. ISC, USC, and BSC, varying the pulp removal method (manual and direct). The BSC strain has good reducing sugars (4 g/L), non-reducing sugars (1.14 g/L), total sugars (5.12 g/L), ash (2.56 g/L), pH (3.50), total soluble solids (17.30°B) and total acidity (200.67 meq/L). Thus, BSC strain obtained higher contents of total phenolics (431.70 mg gallic acid/L), total polyphenols (10.18 g taninn/L), and tannin (3.38 g taninn/L). The HPLC-DAD analysis showed that malic acid (0.69 mg/mL) was higher in USCM. The GC/MS analysis showed that ethanol (18.52%) was higher in the ISCM. The ISCD exhibited higher DPPH· scavenging activity (5.65 mg/g) than other strains. This study will be useful in designing an on-site unit for the production of functional drinks from Jabuticaba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate and compare the histological response of rabbit dental pulp after direct pulp capping with 3 different materials: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), nanoparticles of fluorapatite (Nano-FA), and nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) after 4 and 6-week time intervals. Material and methods A total of 72 upper and lower incisor teeth from 18 rabbits were randomly categorized into 3 groups)24 incisors from six rabbits each. MTA Group: teeth were capped with MTA. Nano-FA Group: teeth were capped with fluorapatite nanoparticles. Nano-HA Group: teeth were capped with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Blood samples were collected to examine some antioxidant enzymes nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). After that, three rabbits from each group were euthanized after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Pulp tissues of all teeth in all groups were histologically observed. Results The obtained results showed that both Nano-HA induced the formation of thick dentin bridges with irregular dentin patterns at 6 weeks, while MTA and Nano-FA induced no dentin bridge with no tubular dentin pattern. Blood examination at the two intervals revealed no significant increase or decrease in the values of NO, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and TNF-α. However, there was a significant increase in p-values of IL-6 in the Nano-FA treated group compared to both MTA and Nano-HA treated groups at the two intervals. Regarding the inflammatory reaction of the dental pulp, the MTA and Nano-HA groups displayed moderate inflammation, followed by Nano-FA, which showed the highest prevalence of nonpathological inflammation. Histological results were consistent with the blood examination. After 4 weeks, the Nano-FA and Nano-HA groups showed pulp fibrosis at the operating site, but the MTA showed only granulation tissues. Plus, dilated blood vessels appeared in the Nano-FA group. After 6 weeks, MTA and Nano-FA groups showed pulp fibrosis at the operating site with the persistence of dilated blood vessels with Nano-FA. The nano-HA group showed dentin bridge formation at the operating site. Conclusion MTA and Nano-HA could be considered favorable materials for direct pulp capping, while Nano-FA produces nonpathological inflammatory cell reactions. Moreover, the Nano-HA was the best in dentin bridge formation. Although nano-FA increased the operating site closure, it was noticed that it significantly increased IL-6 compared to MTA at the two intervals and significantly increased IL-6 compared to Nano-HA at 6 weeks, which may be manifested as some nonpathological inflammations in the Nano-FA group compared to the other groups, but it was deemed acceptable to direct pulp capping procedures.

The years 1860 to 1960 witnessed the birth and rapid expansion of the modern pulp and paper industry. Its sine qua non was access to enormous volumes of conifer trees that grew in the northern hemisphere’s temperate and boreal forests. Predictably, countries in northern Europe with large swaths of these woodlands became home to substantial pulp and paper industries. This article explains why Great Britain represented Europe’s glaring exception to this rule. Unique circumstances allowed it to become Europe’s largest newsprint producer even though it suffered from a dearth of conifers. Britain’s newspaper publishers grew their circulations and created the largest newsprint market in Europe for most of the period under examination. To meet their exploding demand for paper, they gained control over their country’s newsprint industry. Like producers in other western European countries, they looked to Scandinavia to address their lack of domestic wood supplies, but they also exploited their imperial connection to access a prodigious supply of fibre and pulps in Canada and Newfoundland. Britain’s competitive advantage in this regard was political and not economic because tapping this distant source of raw materials was costly. Nevertheless, British producers were able to absorb the higher costs because their business was vertically integrated. However, British producers could not outrun their resource deficit forever. Changing global industry conditions after World War II caused them to lose their preponderant standing.

Objective. In this study, the biological effect of MTA Repair HP (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity) and Biodentine have been tested on a stabilized fibroblast cell line NCTC clone 929. Materials and Methods. We assessed quantitative and qualitative parameters related to cytotoxic effect of the investigated products. The experimental period was 96 hours. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The detached cells test showed no statistically significant difference on cell culture for Biodentine and MTA Repair HP, while for the cellular density assay we found the same biological effect on the tested fibroblasts in the first 24 and 48 hours, but a significant different cellular response for the investigated pulp capping materials for the next 48 hours of the experiment. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that the materials presented a very low level of cytotoxicity. Biodentine showed in all parameters better biological effects than MTA Repair HP, expressed by lower and limited cellular damage and a higher cell density.

Bananas (Musa spp.) are a popular tropical fruit grown worldwide and are typically harvested when 70% to 80% plump. Postharvest storage is crucial for maintaining fruit quality, with temperature playing a key role due to banana sensitivity to low temperatures. Red peeled bananas, such as the cultivar Hongmeiren, stand out for their unique red peel and pink pulp when ripe. These bananas offer nutritional benefits and are rich in anthocyanins compared with yellow bananas. This study focused on the hardness change, anthocyanin content, and the expression of related genes in red peeled bananas at different temperatures. Results showed that pulp hardness reached an edible state after 4 days at 19 and 25 °C, with stability thereafter. Storage time at 10 °C was longer and anthocyanin content remained stable across temperatures. Gene expression analysis indicated that genes including MaPAL, MaCHS, MaCHI, MaDFR, and MaANS related to anthocyanin synthesis were highly expressed at 10 °C, potentially preserving anthocyanin content and fruit appearance. Although higher anthocyanin content was observed at 19 and 25 °C, black spots appeared on the fruit peel after 8 days, affecting its quality. After 30 days of storage at 10 °C, a significant number of black spots appeared on the peel of the fruit, leading to a gradual loss of its nutritional value. This study indicates that red peeled bananas can be stored for longer periods while maintaining their appearance quality at 10 °C, as opposed to 19 and 25 °C. Hence, it is recommended to store red peeled bananas at low temperatures, especially following ethylene treatment or during periods of high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study describes the diagnosis and treatment of a deciduous left maxillary canine tooth root that had been displaced into the pulp of the developing permanent left maxillary canine tooth in a 23-month-old female neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The patient was initially presented for bilateral persistent deciduous maxillary canine teeth extraction. Seventeen months later the permanent left maxillary canine tooth was found to be non-vital and tooth development had ceased prior to apical closure. Radiographs revealed a radio-opaque dentine-like structure and straight line centrally within the pulp of the permanent tooth. The displacement of the deciduous tooth into the developing permanent tooth was confirmed. This unusual potential complication should be considered when performing deciduous teeth extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenols are important functional components that have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Apple fruit is rich in polyphenols and is one of the dietary sources of polyphenols. The polyphenol components and contents of the peel and pulp of 74 Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. and 26 Chinese Malus germplasm resources were determined using ultra-high-phase chromatography (UPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that 34 components were detected in the peel and 30 in the flesh, and that the polyphenol components and contents of the different germplasm resources were significantly different; the polyphenol content of Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. was significantly higher than that of the other local varieties, and the polyphenol content in the peel was also higher than that in the flesh. Rutin, quercetin 3-O-arabopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin 3-O-galactoside were detected only in the peel. The total polyphenol content in the peel ranged from 949.76 to 5840.06 mg/kg, and the polyphenol content in the pulp ranged from 367.31 to 5123.10 mg/kg. The cluster analysis of polyphenol components and contents in peel and pulp showed that 100 Malus germplasm resources could be grouped into four categories. Principal component analysis of 34 kinds and 30 kinds of polyphenols in peel and pulp of 100 resources was performed. If the eigenvalue is greater than 1, eight and seven principal components are extracted, respectively. Five Malus resources with high polyphenol content in the peel and pulp were selected: 'XY-77' (peel: 5840.06 mg/kg, pulp: 5123.10 mg/kg; 'LF-09' (peel: 4692.63 mg/kg, pulp: 3729.79 mg/kg); '2012-5' (peel: 4377.61 mg/kg, pulp: 3847.54 mg/kg); '29028' (peel: 5088.05 mg/kg, pulp: 3994.61 mg/kg); and '11-01' (peel: 5154.45 mg/kg, pulp: 3616.15 mg/kg). These results provide us with information regarding the polyphenol composition and content of the wild apple resources and local cultivars. The high polyphenol content resources obtained by screening can be used as raw materials for the extraction of polyphenol components and functional fruit juice processing and can also be used as parents for functional fruit creation and variety breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was development of a technology for the extraction of a carbon-rich concentrate suitable for use as an energy fuel from solid products of municipal waste pyrolysis (SPMWP). To do this, the effect of reagents and different flotation conditions on the yield and quality of the carbon-rich concentrate was investigated. The results are presented of the experimental study into the features of the SPMWP flotation process. A relationship has been established between the SPMWP fraction size, the yield of carbon-rich concentrate, and its quality. The fact has been demonstrated that SPMWP flotation characteristics can be improved by ultrasonic dispersion of flotation agents in water and production of concentrates containing, depending on the size distribution of SPMWP particles, from 60 to 67% of combustible matter. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry methods have revealed that the combustible matter of the concentrate consists of 65% carbon and 35% volatile carbon-containing compounds. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, the main water-soluble salts of SPMWP are chlorides of potassium, sodium, and calcium sulfate. As to its heating value (q = 18.4 MJ/kg), the obtained combined concentrate is comparable to coal and can be considered as a renewable energy source since, according to forecasts, the annual increase in the amount of municipal solid wastes (MSWs) will be from 1 to 7%. A schematic diagram of material flows for processing 100 t of SPMWP has been constructed on the basis on the results of performed studies. An additional economic effect can be obtained by using hydroseparation at the stage of municipal waste sorting to separate crushed glass, as a result of which large SPMWP particles may be sent to flotation after grinding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion To develop and evaluate a novel multi‐method micro‐computed tomography (μCT) imaging protocol for enhanced visualization of both hard and soft tissues in murine mandibles, addressing the limitations of traditional imaging techniques in dental research.We employed a contrast‐enhanced (CE) μCT imaging technique using Lugol's iodine as a contrast agent to visualize the intricate structures of murine mandibles. The protocol involved the combination of conventional μCT imaging as well as CE‐μCT, including decalcification with EDTA, allowing for simultaneous assessment of hard and soft tissues. The method is compared with standard imaging modalities, and the ability to visualize detailed anatomical features is discussed.The CE‐μCT imaging technique provided superior visualization of murine mandibular structures, including dental pulp, periodontal ligaments and the surrounding soft tissues, along with conventional μCT imaging of alveolar bone and teeth. This method revealed detailed anatomical features with high specificity and contrast, surpassing traditional imaging approaches.Our findings demonstrate the potential of CE‐μCT imaging with Lugol's iodine as a powerful tool for dental research. This technique offers a comprehensive view of the murine mandible, facilitating advanced studies in tissue engineering, dental pathology and the development of dental materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has highlighted the effectiveness of starter inocula in fermentation processes. In this sense, this study examines the use of an inoculum composed of coffee pulp, mucilage broth, and microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and S. thermophilus in fermenting Castillo variety coffee. An inoculum was prepared, measuring variables such as the pH, acidity, °Brix, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast viability. Following optimization, the inoculum was evaluated in a fermentation process, evaluating the pH, °Brix, acidity, microbiological analysis, ochratoxin A, and cup quality post-drying and roasting. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in the pH from 4.47 to 4.05 and in the °Brix from 15.8 to 8.45, indicating efficient organic acid production and sugar degradation. Acidity levels increased from 20.02 mg/g to 42.69 mg/g, while microbial viabilities remained above 107 CFUs/g, suggesting effective biomass production. The process effectively reduced the microbial load without detecting ochratoxin A. Sensory evaluations confirmed the enhanced cup quality, validating the positive impact of inoculum use in coffee fermentation. The results support the use of coffee pulp and mucilage broth as effective substrates for the growth of the evaluated microorganisms, and the application of starter cultures containing lactic acid bacteria and yeast can elevate the coffee to a specialty grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research explores the potential of agricultural waste, specifically flax straw, as a sustainable raw material for eco-friendly packaging materials. This study investigates a three-stage delignification process involving nitric acid, alkaline treatment, and organosolvent solutions. This method effectively removes lignin from the straw, resulting in high-quality technical pulp with 67.7% α-cellulose and a significantly reduced ash content (8.5%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the treated flax straw. XRD analysis revealed changes in the cellulose structure, while TGA indicated enhanced thermal stability compared to untreated straw. Microscopic analysis of the pulp fibers shows a parallel and aligned arrangement, suggesting a high fiber content and a strong paper lattice. The particle size distribution of the ground pulp, influenced by fiber size, has implications for the packing density and mechanical properties of the final product. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste as a sustainable source for packaging materials, contributing to the circular economy and waste reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental pulp inflammation, often initiated by Gram-negative microorganisms and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can lead to pulpitis and, subsequently, dental pulp necrosis, compromising tooth structure and increasing susceptibility to fracture. Asiatic acid, derived from Centella asiatica, has demonstrated pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, making it a potential candidate for mitigating LPS-induced pulp inflammation. This in vivo study aims to investigate the impact of Asiatic acid on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in Rattus norvegicus with LPS-induced pulp inflammation. Methods: This quasi-laboratory experimental in vivo study employed a post-test-only control group design to investigate the effects of Asiatic acid on LPS-induced pulp inflammation in Wistar rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups subjected to various interventions. LPS was administered to all groups for 6 h except the standard control group (CG, n = 5). The negative control group (NCG, n = 5) received only glass ionomer cement. The positive control group (PCG, n = 5) received Eugenol with glass ionomer cement. Intervention groups 1, 2, and 3 (IG1, IG2, IG3; n = 5 each) received Asiatic acid at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively, with glass ionomer cement. Dental pulp inflammation was confirmed through immunological (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels), histopathological (inflammatory parameters), and physiological (pain assessment using the rat grimace scale) analyses. Additionally, Nrf2 levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Asiatic acid administration significantly influenced Nrf2 levels in rats with LPS-induced pulp inflammation. Nrf2 levels were significantly higher in groups treated with 0.5% (IG1) (8.810 ± 1.092 ng/mL; p = 0.047), 1.0% (IG2) (9.132 ± 1.285 ng/mL; p = 0.020), and 2.0% (IG3) (11.972 ± 1.888 ng/mL; p = 0.000) Asiatic acid compared to NCG (7.146 ± 0.706). Notably, Nrf2 levels were also significantly higher in the 2.0% Asiatic acid group (IG3) compared to the PCG treated with Eugenol (8.846 ± 0.888 ng/mL; p = 0.001), as well as IG1 (p = 0.001) and IG2 (p = 0.002). However, no significant difference was observed between administering 0.5% Asiatic acid (IG1), 1.0% Asiatic acid (IG2), and Eugenol (PCG). Conclusion: This research showed that Asiatic acid significantly impacted the Nrf2 levels in rats with LPS-induced pulp inflammation. This suggests that it has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for reducing dental pulp inflammation. These findings support the need to further explore Asiatic acid as a promising intervention for maintaining dental pulp health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O texto concentrar-se-á na tradição pulp que, tendo o seu período áureo na América do pré-Segunda Guerra Mundial, desagregou-se, já no pós-Guerra, a ponto de autonomizar os géneros fantástico, “western” e policial negro; e na forma como, no Portugal da década de 1960, com todas as suas idiossincrasias políticas, sociais e culturais, Roussado Pinto e Dinis Machado moldaram os clichés genéricos para construírem enredos, e protagonistas, ao mesmo tempo falíveis e maquinais, paroquiais e universais, fotográficos e fílmicos, tornando as suas narrativas simultaneamente em cópias do modelo e em reflexos reconhecíveis da vida quotidiana, em toda a sua inefável e desoladora sordidez.

Pulp quality significantly affects paper products, necessitating a balance between brightness, strength, and environmental sustainability. The bleaching process, which includes delignification and brightening stages, is crucial for achieving high pulp brightness. Current pulp bleaching research emphasizes optimizing processes and developing predictive models for better quality control, yet real-time pulp brightness monitoring remains a challenge. This research developed a MATLAB program to predict pulp brightness and consistency in real-time during bleaching, conducted entirely without incurring any financial costs. Empirical models for predicting pulp consistency at the extraction-oxidative-peroxide (EOP) and D1 stages were created using second-order polynomial equations, incorporating production rate and inlet pressure as variables. Brightness increment correlations were formulated based on temperature, chemical flow rate, residence time, pH, and inlet pressure, with specific models for the preceding chlorine dioxide (DA), EOP, and second chlorine dioxide (D1) stages. Data normalization ensured efficient processing by standardizing parameter scales. Results showed relationships between brightness increment and parameters for each sub-stage such as DA is linear for pH, quadratic for chlorine dioxide (ClO2) flow rate, cubic for temperature and residence time; EOP is linear for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) flow rate, quadratic for temperature, cubic for inlet pressure, residence time, and pH; D1 is linear for pH, quadratic for ClO2 flow rate and residence time, cubic for inlet pressure and temperature. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the DA, EOP, and D1 sub-stages are 0.85313, 0.86526, and 0.86322, respectively. Parameters with the highest contributions in each stage were identified, such as inlet pressure in the D1 substage yielding the highest brightness gain. This system offers an alternative approach for analyzing pulp quality issues and is adaptable to future mill operational needs.

To reduce energy consumption, a new pulping process called A-D-E-RC (acidification/desalination/electrolysis/recycle-cooking) was developed by a research group in Guangxi University of China. The present work focuses on the step of recycle cooking (RC) to further investigate the technical feasibility of A-D-E-RC methods. Golden bamboo grass was considered as fiber source material for pulp, and it was cooked with the acidic treating of wastewater from black liquor. Then, the pulp obtained from each cooking was made into paper to test the changes in its physical properties. As a result, the pulp yield increased from 43.9% to 50.2%, after re-using acidified black liquor, and the paper's tear index and tensile index were improved. Therefore, this study demonstrated the feasibility of recycle cooking (RC) fiber materials for pulp applied the acidic treating wastewater from black liquor, and thereby, it further identifies the technical feasibility of A-D-E-RC pulping methods.

Objective: Childhood experiences of pain associated with dental treatment can induce dental anxiety. Inferior alveolar nerve blocks are eight times more likely to fail in patients with irreversible pulpitis. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of lignocaine with and without pre-operative oral ibuprofen for controlling pain in primary mandibular molars scheduled for pulpectomy procedures in 5 to 9-year-old children. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two children diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth and scheduled for pulpectomy procedures were included. The children were assigned to one of the two groups, Treatment group A: Pre-operative with oral ibuprofen and local anaesthesia with 2% lignocaine (with adrenaline 1:80000); Treatment group B: Pre-operative with oral placebo and local anaesthesia with 2% lignocaine (with 1:80000 adrenaline). Pain and pulse rate were recorded at baseline, one hour after administration of oral medication, fifteen minutes following administration of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB), and also during the course pulpectomy. The results were statistically analysed using chi square test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In treatment group A, 90.16% children had IANB success compared to 9.83% in group B.. The difference in the success rate between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) with an odds ratio of 84. Conclusion: Oral medication with ibuprofen is effective in increasing the success rate of IANB with lignocaine for the treatment of irreversible pulpitis of 5 to 9-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin pulp has a complex function as a major unit in maintaining the vitality of teeth. In this sense, the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has a vital part in tooth development, maintenance, repair, and regeneration by controlling physiological activities such as growth, differentiation, and migration. This pathway consists of a network of proteins, such as Wnt signaling molecules, which interact with receptors of targeted cells and play a role in development and adult tissue homeostasis. The Wnt signals are specific spatiotemporally, suggesting its intricate mechanism in development, regulation, repair, and regeneration by the formation of tertiary dentin. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in dentin and pulp regeneration, how different proteins, molecules, and ligands influence this pathway, either upregulating or silencing it, and how it may be used in the future for clinical dentistry, in vital pulp therapy as an effective treatment for dental caries, as an alternative approach for root canal therapy, and to provide a path for therapeutic and regenerative dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for grapes and wine to be tainted following vineyard exposure to wildfire smoke is well established, with recent studies suggesting hops and apples (and thus beer and cider) can be similarly affected. However, the susceptibility of other crops to 'smoke taint' has not yet been investigated. Smoke was applied to a selection of fruits and vegetables, as well as potted lavender plants, and their volatile phenol composition determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to evaluate their susceptibility to contamination by smoke. Volatile phenols were observed in control (unsmoked) capsicum, cherry, lavender, lemon, spinach and tomato samples, typically at ≤18 µg/kg, but 52 µg/kg of guaiacol and 83–416 µg/kg of o- and m-cresol and 4-methylsyringol were detected in tomato and lavender samples, respectively. However, significant increases in volatile phenol concentrations were observed as a consequence of smoke exposure; with the highest volatile phenol levels occurring in smoke-exposed strawberry and lavender samples. Variation in the uptake of volatile phenols by different crops was attributed to differences in their physical properties, i.e., their surface area, texture and/or cuticle composition, while the peel of banana, lemon, and to a lesser extent apple samples, mitigated the permeation of smoke-derived volatile phenols into pulp. Results provide valuable insight into the susceptibility of different crops to smoke contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a renowned fruit cherished for its delightful taste and nutritional value. Belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, mangoes exhibit a climacteric trait marked by heightened respiration and ethylene production, resulting in a limited shelf life. To counter this, mangoes are often processed into pulp for extended storage. However, improper processing techniques can drastically reduce the pulp's shelf life. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of food additives (potassium metabisulphite and sodium benzoate) and thermal treatments (at 70 and 80 °C), individually and in combination, on the quality of Chaunsa mango pulp during a six-month period at room temperature. Quality was evaluated through physicochemical tests (titratable acidity, TSS, pH, and color) and microbiological analysis (total plate count). During storage, titratable acidity, TSS and total plate count increased whereas pH decreased for all treatments. In case of color, L* values increased initially before declining whereas a* values increased and b* values decreased for all treatments throughout the storage. The results indicated that the treatment with potassium metabisulphite alone (MCP) or combined with a 70 °C heat treatment (M70CP) yielded the best outcomes, surpassing the control and other treatments, and maintained quality throughout the storage period. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the organic acid content of these two most effective treatments. The highest concentration was of malic acid followed by citric acid and oxalic acid respectively. This study suggests that the use of food additives, alone or in combination with thermal treatments, significantly prolongs the shelf life of mango pulp to six months, ensuring availability during off-seasons and facilitating its industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. In this study, the biological effect of MTA Repair HP (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity) and Biodentine have been tested on a stabilized fibroblast cell line NCTC clone 929. Materials and Methods. We assessed quantitative and qualitative parameters related to cytotoxic effect of the investigated products. The experimental period was 96 hours. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The detached cells test showed no statistically significant difference on cell culture for Biodentine and MTA Repair HP, while for the cellular density assay we found the same biological effect on the tested fibroblasts in the first 24 and 48 hours, but a significant different cellular response for the investigated pulp capping materials for the next 48 hours of the experiment. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that the materials presented a very low level of cytotoxicity. Biodentine showed in all parameters better biological effects than MTA Repair HP, expressed by lower and limited cellular damage and a higher cell density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: In many African countries, especially Nigeria, the fight against malnutrition and undernourishment continues to be a primary goal of development. In this regard, various strategies including the consumption of plants and vegetables are being applied. The kernel of Bush mango, which is widely consumed in Nigeria, has been broadly investigated in the literatures, while there is little information about the nutritional composition of the pulp. This study examined the nutritional composition of both kernel and pulp of the Irvingia gabonesis. Materials and methods: The Bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruits were purchased from Ogbadibo, local government of Benue state, Nigeria, followed by sorting and washing to remove any dirt. The pulp was separated from the kernel, sun-dried for seven days, and oven-dried at 350 °C for 1 h to eliminate the moisture. The dried samples were milled separately with an electric food blender, and packed in a separate clean polythene bag before analysis. The phytochemicals, antioxidants, proximate composition, and amino acids were determined in the samples according to the standard analytical techniques. Results and conclusion: Amounts of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cyanide, and phytate were higher in the kernel, while oxalate and total phenols were higher in the pulp. The results of antioxidants composition revealed that carotenoids were the highest antioxidant in the kernel (4.12 g/100 g) and pulp (1.73 g/100 g) of Irvingia gabonesis fruit. Study of proximate composition revealed that carbohydrate was the most abundant macronutrient in the kernel (56.96 %) and pulp (61.02 %) of Bush mango. Fatty acids and energy were accounted as 19.19% and 1977.16 kJ/100 g of the kernel, and 16.29% and 1855.80 kJ/100 g of the pulp. Amino acid profile of the samples revealed that leucine (5.49 and 3.52 g/100 g of crude protein of kernel and pulp, respectively) and tryptophan (0.58 and 0.39 g/100 g of crude protein of kernel and pulp, respectively) were the most abundant and the lowest concentrated essential amino acids. In conclusion, the pulp and kernel of Bush mango contained low concentrations of anti-nutrients, and were found to be a good source of fat, carbohydrates, and antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the impact of pretreatment on empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm oil fibers before the pulping process on the quality of the molded pulp produced. The study includes EFB fiber pretreatment processes, pulp production, pulp molding, physical characteristic analysis, and molded pulp performance evaluation. The pulp production process involves acid-base hydrolysis reactions. The produced molded pulp is done manually. Characterization of the molded pulp includes measurements of paper grammage, thickness, density, and moisture content. The characteristics of pulp produced from pretreated EFB fibers are as follows: an average grammage value of 415.48 g/m², paper thickness of 1.53 mm, water absorption capacity of 13.33-33.33%, density of paper of 0,026 x 106 - 0,027 x 106 g/m³, and a smooth surface morphology. Meanwhile, the characteristics of pulp produced from without pretreatment EFB fibers include an average grammage value of 372.18 g/m², paper thickness of 0.77 mm, water absorption capacity of 20.34-43.21%, density of paper of 0,004 x 106 - 0,008 x 106 g/m³, and a rough surface morphology due to pores on the fiber surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids are common cellulose solvents and biomass pretreatment agents, while beta-irradiation ("e-beaming") is often used to decrease the recalcitrance of biomass towards hydrolysis or saccharification. Aiming at the general goal of elucidating the interaction between lignocellulosics, imidazolium-based ionic liquids, and beta-irradiation, we studied the effect of beta-irradiation on the pure ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, both as chloride and acetate. Contrary to the expectation of inertness, irradiation caused degradation of the ILs, which was proportional to irradiation dosage, i.e., to irradiation time and intensity. At a dosage of 2400 kGy, 0.2% (2000 ppm) of the IL were chemically altered. The main degradation pathway is the formation of imidazole and N-methylimidazole with concomitant dealkylation. The cleaved-off alkyl groups, apparently in cationic form, react with the anions present, accounting for the formation of alkyl chlorides and alkyl acetates from the chloride ILs and acetate ILs, respectively. A second, minor pathway comprises the degradation of the imidazole ring under conversion of the C2-unit from the former C4-C5 moiety into ethylenediamine and reaction of the C1-unit from the former C2 with the IL anions. Because of the non-neglible byproduct formation, the degradation of the ILs upon beta-irradiation and possible side reactions of the resulting byproducts need to be kept in mind for all setups that involve beta-irradiation and imidazolium ILs simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The demand for high-purity cellulose, optimization of wood utilization, and environmentally friendly processes has increased in dissolving pulp (DP) production. Sago palm fronds (SPF), an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, hold great potential as a raw material for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin production. This study aimed to explore the production of from SPF by employing a combination of prehydrolysis, soda cooking with 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) as a green additive (PHS-MAQ), and totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching with peroxymonosulfuric acid (Psa). Furthermore, lignin was recovered from the black liquor of PHS-MAQ. The results showed that prehydrolysis at 150 ºC for 3 h, followed by soda-MAQ cooking at 160 ºC for 1.5 h using 0.03% of MAQ, 23% active alkali (AA), and a five-stage bleaching with oxygen (O), Psa, alkaline extraction with hydrogen peroxide (Ep), Psa, and Ep successfully produced high-purity cellulose as DP, with properties of 94.3% α-cellulose content, 89.9% ISO brightness (SNI ISO 2470–1:2016), 9.1 cP viscosity, and 0.13% ash content. Moreover, the soda-MAQ cooking method exhibited superior delignification compared to prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) and prehydrolysis soda (PHS) processes in a range of kappa numbers of 9.4–22.6 at 17–25% AA. The inclusion of MAQ increased pulp yields by 4.6–4.9% and decreased kappa number by 1.6–3.1 compared to the PHS without additives at similar AA. Lignin was separated from the PHS-MAQ, with yields of 69–77%. This work demonstrated the suitability of SPF processed by PHS-MAQ cooking and Psa bleaching for the preparation of viscose rayon and cellulose derivatives. The lignin recovery could be an attractive biorefinery process in modern pulp mills.

Five types of frankfurters were formulated: a control without tamarind (T0) and four samples using 5% tamarind pulp paste (PT5), seeds (ST5), peel (CT5), and a blend of all of them (PSCT5), replacing the same portion of meat. The inclusion of tamarind components led to a reduction in the moisture and protein content of the reformulated frankfurters. In terms of mineral composition, CT5 showed the highest (p < 0.05) calcium content. Additionally, ST5 and CT5 treatments demonstrated the lowest processing loss values. The pH was lower in the PT5 treatment (p < 0.05). Incorporating tamarind components reduced the lightness (L*) of the frankfurters, resulting in darker sausages. However, ST5 exhibited greater redness (a*), while higher yellowness (b*) values were observed in PT5 and CT5 treatments (p < 0.05). Texture analysis revealed no differences (p > 0.05) in hardness and chewiness between T0 and PT5; however, ST5 exhibited the highest values for these parameters (p < 0.05). No variation in the conformational order of the lipid acyl chains due to the incorporation of tamarind compounds was observed related to physical entrapment of these compounds in the frankfurter matrix. Both T0 and PT5 were well accepted by consumers, and scores higher than 7 were observed for overall acceptability and purchase intention. The study demonstrated that incorporating tamarind components, especially pulp paste (PT), is a viable alternative for replacing lean pork meat in frankfurters, improving the sustainable aspects of frankfurter production.

Pines play a significant role in forest biodiversity globally and generate huge forest litter. Dry pine needles due to low ignition temperature and high frictional force with the ground catch fire quickly. Annual forest fires in the northern states of India greatly impact the Indian economy besides causing huge loss to biodiversity, livelihood, and environment. Pine needles are also considered unfit for fodder consumption due to presence of tannins. Although the presence of softwood lignin in pine needles makes it difficult to degrade easily, the presence of holocellulose (68.5%) containing 45–51% cellulose makes this biomass a potential substrate to be used in pulp-making industries for low-grade paper sheets. The good fiber length of pine needles (1.3–1.4 mm) with a diameter of 30–32 μm, maybe considered important property for paper making. The use of pine needles in the pharmaceutical and food industries are due to the presence of secondary metabolites (α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene etc.). The various other potential applications of pine needles are for producing bio-ethanol (yield, 3.98%; purity, 94%), biogas (yield, 23.1 L kg−1), smokeless briquettes (calorific value, 18.77 MJ kg−1), biochar (calorific value, 25.6 MJ kg−1), bio-composites (tensile strength, 21–60 MPa), and bio-pesticides. This paper comprehensively reviews the current applications of pine needles along with its future prospective applications that can have the dual advantage of providing employment opportunities to the people along with environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the lipophilic component that affects the quality of pulp and paper products in wood of 10-year-old Anthocephalus cadamba (families 23, 11 and 6) and 5-year-old Anthocepalus macrophyllus (families 75, 85 and 2). The results showed that the main group of compounds that appeared frequently and were identified in the lipophilic fraction were fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic and stearic acids), fatty alcohols (eicosanol, heneicosanol and tetracosanol), sterols (β-sitosterol and campasterol), hydrocarbons (hexadecane, tricosene and cyclotetracosane), aldehydes, alongside minor amounts of triterpenoid. F11 and F2 can be promoted as raw materials for pulp and paper, while F6 and F75 are not recommended because of the high levels of lipids such as sterols, triterpenoids, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper disposal of palm biomass wastes resulting from industrial palm oil production may contribute to the environmental issues in Indonesia. However, given their abundance and availability, empty fruit bunches (EFB) can be potentially considered as a raw material for unbleached pulp. In this study, unbleached pulp was produced from oil palm EFB by a pulping process with alkaline pretreatment. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of cellulose in the pulp, with absorption peaks at 3332 cm-1 corresponding to the O-H stretching and at 1029 cm-1 assigned to the stretching of the C-O-C bond, respectively. SEM images revealed the aspect of individual fibers, with a rigid appearance, in the pulp obtained from EFB biomass. The major crystalline peak was observed at 2θ of 22.41°, indicating the presence of cellulose. Brown paper was made from the unbleached pulp (A4 size, with a grammage of 134 g/m² and a thickness of 219.3 μm) and proved to have excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, unbleached pulp from oil palm EFB can be recommended to be used in the manufacture of brown paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica are the three main coffee species cultivated globally. Liberica coffee is a minor species, accounting for less than 1% of global cultivation. Due to favorable climatic conditions in Malaysia, Liberica coffee dominates coffee production, accounting for 73%, while Robusta makes up the remaining 27%. Nevertheless, the substantial coffee production resulted in approximately 15 million tons of discarded skin and pulp, contributing to environmental pollution. This study was conducted due to insufficient information and research on the proximate composition and phytochemical compounds of the coffee bean and pulp from Liberica sp. This study aims to determine the proximate composition of coffee beans and pulp extracts from Liberica sp. and to identify the phytochemical composition using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The nutritional values of carbohydrates, protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash were obtained using proximate analysis. Coffee beans exhibited the highest value for crude protein (11.96%) and crude fiber (11.83%), whereas coffee pulp has the highest significant value for moisture content (68.81%) and ash (7.31%). LC-MS analysis shows emmotin A and deoxymiroestrol were the major phytochemical compounds. These findings contribute to understanding the nutritional value and phytochemical compounds of coffee beans and pulp from Liberica sp. that may contribute to sustainable waste management and other applications in the food and beverage industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horizontal root fracture (HRF) is a complex traumatic dental injury that affects the pulp, dentin, cementum, and periodontal ligament. This retrospective cohort study evaluated treatment outcomes in permanent teeth with HRF. We analyzed clinical and radiographic data from a dental trauma center (2006–2022). Permanent teeth with HRF with a follow up of ≥12 weeks were considered for outcome assessment (defined as clinical normalcy and radiographic healing at the fracture line). Prognostic factors were identified through multivariable logistic regression analyses (P value ≤.05). 125 teeth from 103 patients were included. After a median follow-up of 79 weeks, the overall favorable outcome was 92%. This includes teeth that received emergency splinting/repositioning at baseline (62.2%) and those that received subsequent endodontic intervention for the coronal fragment (baseline: 85%; subsequent follow-ups: 91.8%). Being male and incomplete root development were both significantly associated with a better outcome of splinting/repositioning (OR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.06-6.24 and OR = 4.37; 95% CI, 1.16-16.41, respectively) and a reduced likelihood of requiring endodontic treatment (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.96 and OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.76, respectively). Treatment delays surpassing one week were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of requiring endodontic treatment compared to timely presentations within 24 hours (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.07-8.77; P value <.05). With timely diagnosis and treatment, and close monitoring, HRF cases can achieve a 92% favorable outcome. Male sex and incomplete root development correlate with improved baseline outcomes and a reduced need for endodontic treatment. Conversely, delayed presentation increases the likelihood of requiring endodontic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypochlorous acid bleaching under amine catalysis (Hcat bleaching stage) is an optimized bleaching stage variant that is characterized by working at weakly acidic, near-neutral pH, having high bleaching efficiency, and discharging only very small amounts of chloro-organics. This study addressed the chemical fate of the used 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) catalyst. While literature proposed either homolytic or heterolytic breakage of one ethylene bridge and subsequent release of the resulting fragments as two molecules of formaldehyde, we demonstrated the degradation to proceed by ionic elimination of one ethylene bridge starting from mono-N-chlorinated DABCO. The resulting N-vinyl (enamine) derivative adds water under the release of acetaldehyde and formation of piperazine. The generation of acetaldehyde was experimentally confirmed by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine trapping, directly from the processing liquid. The experimental findings agreed superbly with computations which showed the "acetaldehyde mechanism" to be much favored over the previously proposed pathways under C–C bond cleavage and release of formaldehyde. The results of this study add to a better understanding of the novel Hcat bleaching system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)