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Our objective was to interpret the presence and magnitude of landscape modification by Native Americans on Georgia’s southern coastal plain. Specifically, we aimed to understand how the Native Amer...

Na história do Brasil, há determinados sujeitos negligenciados, alvo de preconceitos, que sofreram com mazelas que lhes foram impostas, dentre os quais o camponês, que, no entrave de diversas lutas, tem buscado o direito de ser e de pertencer a seu território. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a luta pela terra enquanto uma maneira de reafirmação e recriação da identidade territorial camponesa, que, nesse caso, é consolidada por meio da ocupação de terras. De modo específico, o estudo está voltado para as narrativas de luta do pré-assentamento Dom Tomás Balduíno, o qual está localizado no município de Formosa-GO. Por um lado, a pesquisa se embasa em contribuições de autores que contribuíram de forma significativa para a discussão do tema. Por outro, utiliza-se a história oral, que tem por base a vivência dos próprios camponeses. A observação em campo, aliada ao diálogo e entrevista com os pré-assentados, foi essencial para a construção deste trabalho, na medida em que possibilitou a compreensão de que a luta pela terra se caracteriza como uma das formas de materialização/consolidação da identidade territorial do camponês, luta esta que, além da conquista da terra, diz respeito também à dignidade dos sujeitos. Como citar este artigo:LIMA, Amanda Souza; SOUZA, Francilane Eulália de. Pré-assentamento Dom Tomás Balduíno na reafirmação e recriação da identidade territorial camponesa. Revista NERA, v. 23, n. 53, p. 315-334, mai.-ago., 2020.

U. Buntgen received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I; GN LO1415), and additional support was provided by NSF grant 0909541. We are particularly thankful to the NEEM project and its participants.

Witness trees from GLO surveys covering 6,300 square miles around Puget Sound (western Washington State) reveal, for the first time, the character and local diversity in the region’s mid-19th-century forest cover, before it was severely logged during the settlement period. Although only a few coniferous and hardwood species occurred overall, discrete geographical areas supported distinctive species compositions. Geo-climatic and developmental factors are explored to explain these local differences. Profiles of tree diameters reveal that most trees were small to medium in size, even though most areas also exhibited a minority of larger legacy trees. Approximate stand ages and stages of ecological succession are inferred from local tree sizes and site qualities. Despite current inclusion within the Western Hemlock Zone, major portions of the Puget lowlands (below 1000 feet) displayed extremely few western hemlock, the putative climax species, even stands of decidedly advanced age; in extreme cases “pioneer old growth” prevailed. Conversely, hemlock was strongly predominant in the region’s framing foothills (above 1000 feet), even when stand age there was relatively low. These problematic successional conditions question whether many early forests around Puget Sound deserve a categorical recognition separate from the Western Hemlock Zone.

During settlement of Upper Canada (now Southern Ontario) from 1784 to 1859, land surveys were conducted along transects at roughly one-mile intervals. Handwritten notes, and a few accompanying maps depicting these surveys, have been used only sparsely in modern research. These records represent pre-European settlement baselines, useful in such fields as land-use and heritage planning, forestry, ecology, hydrology, archaeology, and agriculture. Though early survey data (ESD) exhibit deficiencies and surveyor bias, they comprise a unique source of spatial environmental data that is best suited to large-scale resolution studies. A few researchers have generated pre-settlement vegetation maps from ESD, each using independent methodologies. We chronicle efforts to assemble ESD-based vegetation maps generated by various authors in Ontario. Using Google Earth, a web-based database of existing maps was developed along with meta-maps illustrating coverage across Ontario. We briefly review early survey techniques and assess validity of ESD for modern applications. We consider issues such as low map resolution, cartographer interpretation, map access, permissions and rights, and computing technicalities concerning access to and use of these pre-settlement vegetation maps. We hope that greater access to existing vegetation maps generated from ESD will encourage their use in various research disciplines, and that the database will be updated as scholars add to the collection. Resume La conception de cartes de la vegetation precoloniale a l'aide des archives d'arpentage de l'Ontario : une base de donnees en ligne ameliorant l'acces aux cartes pour les chercheurs Lors du peuplement du Haut-Canada (le Sud de l'Ontario d'aujourd'hui) de 1784 a 1859, des releves d'arpentage ont ete effectues le long de transects a des intervalles d'environ un mile. Les travaux de recherche actuels utilisent peu les notes manuscrites et les quelques cartes connexes illustrant ces releves. Ces dossiers fournissent les donnees initiales sur le peuplement precolonial et peuvent servir des domaines tels que la planification du territoire et du patrimoine, la foresterie, l'ecologie, l'hydrologie, l'archeologie et l'agriculture. Bien que les donnees des archives d'arpentage comportent des lacunes et des biais d'arpenteur-geometre, elles constituent neanmoins une source originale de donnees sur l'espace et l'environnement, lesquelles sont bien adaptees aux etudes menees a des resolutions de grande echelle. Quelques chercheurs ont concu des cartes de la vegetation anterieure au peuplement a partir des donnees issues des archives d'arpentage, mais en suivant leur propre methodologie. Nous rendons compte des tentatives visant a reunir des cartes de vegetation concues par un certain nombre d'auteurs de l'Ontario a partir des archives d'arpentage. A l'aide de Google Earth, une base de donnees des cartes disponibles a ete publiee sur Internet et accompagnee de meta-cartes presentant le couvert forestier de l'ensemble du territoire ontarien. Nous brossons un tableau des premieres techniques d'arpentage et menons une evaluation de la pertinence d'utiliser des donnees des archives d'arpentage dans les applications contemporaines. Nous traitons ici des questions telles que la basse resolution des cartes, l'interpretation du cartographe, l'acces aux cartes, les autorisations et les droits, et les aspects techniques lies a l'informatique pour acceder et utiliser ces cartes de la vegetation precoloniale. Nous esperons que l'amelioration de l'acces aux cartes de la vegetation concues a partir des archives d'arpentage contribuera a leur utilisation par un eventail de domaines de recherche, et que la mise a jour de cette base de donnees sera assuree dans la mesure ou les chercheurs continueront d'alimenter ce fonds d'archive.