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Poor dietary practices are commonly reported in working populations from different economic sectors, resulting in increased absenteeism and a decrease in productivity. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency of food consumption and diet quality in workers aged 16 years from 2006 to 2017 in Spain and to evaluate the factors associated with diet quality. A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out among workers using data from the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006 (n = 11,068), 2011 (n = 7497) and 2017 (n = 8890). Sociodemographic, occupational, and health-related variables were used as well as diet quality data. A multiple linear regression was performed to determine the characteristics related to overall diet quality. The percentage of workers who consumed vegetables, at most, once or twice per week decreased from 2006 to 2017 (p < 0.001). A lower diet quality score was related to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and being aged 25 years old, while a higher diet quality score was linked to being a woman, having Spanish nationality, receiving optimal perceived social support, being physically active in one’s main occupation, doing leisure-time physical activity, and the type of contract.

The role of diet quality in depression is an emerging research area and it appears that diet quality could be an important modifying factor. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of diet quality among individuals with and without a self-reported diagnosis of depression aged from 16 to 64 years old in Spain, to analyze the time trends of the frequency of food consumption and diet quality from 2011 to 2017 in individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of depression, and to explore the associations between poor/improvable diet quality and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 42,280 participants with and without a self-reported diagnosis of depression who had participated in the 2011/2012 and 2017 Spanish National Health Surveys and the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with diet quality. The overall prevalence of diet quality among depressive and non-depressive individuals revealed 65.71% and 70.27% were in need of improvement, respectively. Moreover, having a poor or improvable diet quality is associated with male gender, people aged 16–24 years old and 25–44 years old, separated or divorced, and also in smokers.

Objetivo: conhecer a dependência da nicotina e a motivação para parar de fumar em estudantes de Enfermagem e Fisioterapia de uma universidade no sul da Espanha e avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção baseada no uso de tecnologias da informação na motivação para parar de fumar. Método: estudo piloto em duas fases: a primeira transversal e a segunda de intervenção antes-depois. A motivação para parar de fumar foi avaliada usando o questionário Richmond, a dependência da nicotina através do questionário de Fagerström e uma intervenção baseada no uso de uma plataforma online foi realizada para aumentar a motivação para parar de fumar. Estatística descritiva e inferencial foram aplicadas. Resultados: a prevalência de consumo de tabaco foi de 4,33% (n=29). 3,45% dos participantes tinham alta dependência e 6,90%, alta motivação. O nível de motivação não foi alterado após a intervenção (p=0,10). Conclusão: a maioria dos estudantes tem baixo nível de motivação para parar de fumar e dependência física à nicotina. O nível de motivação para parar de fumar não é diferente após a realização da intervenção. Objetivo: conocer la dependencia a la nicotina y la motivación para el cese tabáquico en estudiantes de Enfermería y Fisioterapia de una universidad del sur de España y evaluar el efecto de una intervención basada en el uso de tecnologías de la información en la motivación para el cese tabáquico. Método: estudio piloto de dos fases: la primera transversal y la segunda de intervención antes-después. Se valoró la motivación para dejar de fumar mediante el cuestionario Richmond, la dependencia a la nicotina a través del cuestionario Fagerström, y se llevó a cabo una intervención basada en el uso de una plataforma web para incrementar la motivación del cese tabáquico. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco fue del 4.33% (n=29). El 3.45% de los participantes presentó alta dependencia, y el 6.90%, alta motivación. El nivel de motivación no se vio alterado tras la intervención (p=0.10). Conclusión: la mayor parte de los estudiantes tiene un nivel bajo de motivación para dejar de fumar y de dependencia física a la nicotina. El nivel de motivación para el cese tabáquico no es diferente tras realizar la intervención. Objective: to know the dependence on nicotine and the motivation to quit smoking in Nursing and Physiotherapy students of a university in the South of Spain, and to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on the use of information technologies on the motivation to quit smoking. Method: a pilot study in two phases: the first being cross-sectional and the second, a before-and-after intervention. The motivation to quit smoking was assessed by means of the Richmond questionnaire, and the dependence on nicotine through the Fagerström questionnaire; additionally, an intervention was performed based on the use of a web platform to increase motivation to quit smoking. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: the prevalence in the use of tobacco was 4.33% (n=29). 3.45% of the participants had a high level of dependence; and 6.90%, a high level of motivation. The level of motivation did not change after the intervention (p=0.10). Conclusion: most of the students have low levels of motivation to quit smoking and of physical dependence to nicotine. The level of motivation to quit smoking does not change after performing the intervention.

Objective: to know the dependence on nicotine and the motivation to quit smoking in Nursing and Physiotherapy students of a university in the South of Spain, and to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on the use of information technologies on the motivation to quit smoking. Method: a pilot study in two phases: the first being cross-sectional and the second, a before-and-after intervention. The motivation to quit smoking was assessed by means of the Richmond questionnaire, and the dependence on nicotine through the Fagerström questionnaire; additionally, an intervention was performed based on the use of a web platform to increase motivation to quit smoking. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: the prevalence in the use of tobacco was 4.33% (n=29). 3.45% of the participants had a high level of dependence; and 6.90%, a high level of motivation. The level of motivation did not change after the intervention (p=0.10). Conclusion: most of the students have low levels of motivation to quit smoking and of physical dependence to nicotine. The level of motivation to quit smoking does not change after performing the intervention.

Common mental disorders (CMD) represent a serious, growing public health concern, especially in women. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of CMD among the adult population in Spain, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to explore the associations between CMD and gender, in relation to the perceived environmental and sociodemographic problems and clinical factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 48,505 participants aged 16 to 64 years old who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with CMD by gender. The prevalence of CMD was 20.4% in 2006, 20.8% in 2011/2012 and 16.9% in 2017 (p = 0.36). In women, the probability of having a CMD was higher in widowed or separated/divorced compared with single individuals and as the perception of distressing noise levels from outside the home increased. The probability of CMD was lower as the level of education increased in men. Foreigners and those with limitations due to health problems, chronic conditions and worse perceived health were more likely to suffer from a CMD in both women and men.

Introducción: La promoción de la salud mental tiene especial relevancia en el lugar de trabajo debido a que este es considerado un importante factor en el desarrollo de problemas físicos y mentales. En el ámbito sanitario, la prevalencia de morbilidad psiquiátrica en profesionales de la salud del servicio de urgencias hospitalario se sitúa en el 36,80% en un entorno laboral generalmente estresante que implica, entre otros, el manejo de incertidumbres diagnósticas y terapéuticas, lo cual puede producir burnout e insatisfacción laboral. Además, los estudios que se han llevado a cabo en ese ámbito valoran la relación entre diversas características sociodemográficas y laborales como el sexo, la edad, el estado civil, el consumo de tabaco, la categoría profesional o la experiencia del personal sanitario con la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos, ponen de manifiesto resultados contradictorios o no encuentran relaciones significativas. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las consecuencias que, tanto a nivel individual como organizacional, se pueden derivar del estrés, burnout e insatisfacción laboral y que la respuesta generada por los profesionales ante situaciones o condiciones similares es desigual, resulta necesaria la mejor comprensión de estos constructos para la formulación de políticas sanitarias dirigidas a la prevención de trastornos psiquiátricos y a la promoción del bienestar mental en los profesionales sanitarios, lo que se traduce en una mejora de la calidad asistencial y un descenso en los costos de la enfermedad mental. Objetivos: Evaluar la posible relación entre el estrés percibido, el burnout, la satisfacción laboral, las estrategias de afrontamiento y las características sociodemográficas y laborales del personal sanitario del servicio de urgencias hospitalario sobre el estado de salud general; investigar la posible relación entre las características sociodemográficas y laborales de aquellos profesionales y el estrés percibido, el burnout, la satisfacción laboral, las estrategias de y la salud general; describir las características sociodemográficas y laborales de los profesionales de urgencias y determinar el grado de estrés percibido, burnout, satisfacción laboral y salud general, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento más usadas por aquellos profesionales. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 235 profesionales de Enfermería y Medicina que trabajaban en cuatro servicios de urgencias hospitalarios de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (España). Como instrumentos para la recogida de datos se utilizaron un cuestionario original y específico de variables sociodemográficas y laborales, el Maslach Burnout Inventory para medir el burnout, el General Health Questionnaire que evalúa el nivel de salud general, el Inventario breve de afrontamiento–COPE 28, la Perceived Stress Scale que mide el nivel de estrés percibido y el cuestionario Font-Roja de satisfacción laboral. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, inferencial y multivariante. Resultados: La mayor parte de los participantes eran mujeres (76,17%), profesionales de enfermería (72,77%) y con una media de experiencia profesional de 22,67 (8,65) años. El nivel medio de estrés percibido fue de 21,53 (5,95) puntos. El 48,94% de los profesionales tenía un nivel elevado de despersonalización. Los factores con los que los profesionales sanitarios estaban más satisfechos fueron la relación interpersonal con los jefes [3,89 (0,62) puntos] y con los compañeros [3,87 (0,85) puntos]. El afrontamiento más utilizado por los profesionales fue el centrado en el problema [1,51 (0,50) puntos]. Además, la estrategia más utilizada fue la aceptación [1,67 (0,80) puntos]. Con respecto a la salud general, la ansiedad fue el síntoma más frecuente [2,49 (1,93) puntos]. Aquellos profesionales sanitarios casados/as tuvieron un menor nivel de estrés percibido con respecto los profesionales separados/as/divorciados/as (diferencia: -16,42 puntos, p

OBJETIVOS:;; descrever as características sócio-ocupacionais do pessoal de enfermagem de um hospital terciário do Serviço Público de Saúde de Andalucía, avaliar o grau de stress ocupacional, desgaste profissional e satisfação no trabalho daqueles profissionais e estudar a possível relação entre as dimensões do desgaste profissional e os níveis de stress e satisfação no trabalho com variáveis do tipo sócio-ocupacional.;;;;MÉTODO:;; estudo descritivo transversal em uma mostra de 258 enfermeiros/as e auxiliares. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizados um questionário original e específico para coletar variáveis sócio-ocupacionais, o Maslach Burnout Inventory, a Nursing Stress Scale e o questionário Font-Roja. Foram aplicadas estatística descritiva, inferencial e análise multivariada.;;;;RESULTADOS:;; foram alcançadas pontuações médias para stress ocupacional e satisfação, de 44.23 e 65.46 pontos, respectivamente. No que diz respeito ao desgaste profissional, foi evidenciado uma pontuação média na subescala de exaustão emocional; elevado para a despersonalização e baixa para a realização pessoal.;;;;CONCLUSÕES:;; o nível de exaustão emocional é médio, alto para a despersonalização e baixo para a realização pessoal. São necessários estudos que visam identificar seus níveis existentes nas organizações de saúde e produzir conhecimentos sobre suas interrelações.;; ;;OBJECTIVES:;; to describe the social and work characteristics of the nursing staff at a tertiary hospital in the Public Health Service of Andalucía, to assess the degree of professional professional burnout and job satisfaction of those professionals and to study the possible relation between the professional burnout variables and the stress and job satisfaction levels on the one hand and social and employment variables on the other.;;;;METHOD:;; descriptive and cross-sectional study in a sample of 258 baccalaureate and auxiliary nurses. As research instruments, an original and specific questionnaire was used to collect social and employment variables, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Nursing Stress Scale and the Font-Roja questionnaire. Descriptive, inferential statistics and multivariate analysis were applied.;;;;RESULTS:;; average scores were found for professional stress and satisfaction, corresponding to 44,23 and 65,46 points, respectively. As regards professional burnout, an average score was found on the emotional exhaustion subscale; a high score for depersonalization and a low score for professional accomplishment. Studies are needed to identify the scores on these subscales in health organizations and to produce knowledge on their interrelations.;; ;;OBJETIVOS:;; describir las características sociolaborales del personal de enfermería de un hospital de tercer nivel del Servicio Sanitario Público de Andalucía, evaluar el grado de estrés laboral, desgaste profesional y satisfacción laboral de aquellos profesionales y estudiar la posible relación entre las dimensiones del desgaste profesional y los niveles de estrés y satisfacción laboral con variables de tipo sociolaboral.;;;;MÉTODO:;; estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 258 enfermeros/as y auxiliares. Como instrumentos de investigación se utilizó un cuestionario original y específico que recogía variables de tipo sociolaboral, el Maslach Burnout Inventory, la Nursing Stress Scale y el cuestionario Font-Roja. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, inferencial y análisis multivariante.;;;;RESULTADOS:;; se obtuvieron puntuaciones medias en estrés laboral y satisfacción, de 44.23 y 65.46 puntos, respectivamente. En cuanto al desgaste profesional, se evidenció un nivel medio de la subescala de agotamiento emocional; elevado para la despersonalización y bajo en el caso de la realización personal.;;;;CONCLUSIONES:;; el nivel de agotamiento emocional es medio, elevado para la despersonalización y bajo en la realización personal. Resultan necesarios los estudios que traten de identificar los niveles de los mismos existentes en las organizaciones sanitarias y generar conocimiento acerca de sus interrelaciones.