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Background: There are still discrepancies in the literature as to whether COVID-19 infection could impact biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers. The purpose of this study was firstly to observe the effects of COVID-19 infection over 12 months on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Secondarily, we analyzed the individual influence of COVID-19 infection on changes in biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers. Methods: This study is part of a secondary analysis of a recently published article. The research involved 84 participants with T2D, divided into two groups: the control group (40 participants) received only medical care, while the intervention group (44 participants) received both medical care and nutritional assessment. Consultations were held quarterly over 12 months, with a follow-up after 3 months. Data Analysis: For influence analysis, non-normal variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney test, and normal variables were compared using unpaired t-tests. For all cases, α = 0.05 and p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The analysis revealed a high percentage of patients in both groups who had a COVID-19 infection (70% control and 72.7% intervention) over 12 months. Regarding the influence analysis, participants in the intervention group who were infected with COVID-19 showed smaller reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.0120) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.0460). For the other biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers, in both groups, no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 possibly influenced SBP and HbA1c levels over 12 months in people with T2D and obesity. However, caution should be exercised in generalizing these results due to the limitations of this study. Additionally, influence analysis does not establish a causal relationship, and more clinical trials in different populations are needed to fully analyze this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Meal timing is an emerging branch of science that investigates the influence of eating patterns on the circadian rhythm and overall health. There are still discrepancies in the literature as to whether late distribution of food intake and sleep disorders could impact biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers. The objectives of this study were firstly observe skipping breakfast and sleep disorders over 12 months. Secondarily, analyze the individual influence of these findings on changes biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers during the same period., Methods: This descriptive study is part of a tertiary analysis in a recently published study. This research recruited 84 participants with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) who were divided: Control-40 participants received only medical care; Intervention-44 participants received the same medical care along with nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly over 12th months, and a follow-up was conducted after 3 months. For influence analysis, non-normal variables were compared using Mann-Whitney, while normal variables were compared using unpaired t-tests. In all instances, α = 0.05 and P < 0.05 were adopted., Results: Analysis revealed a high percentage of patients in both groups who skipped breakfast, slept less than 6 h, and experienced nighttime awakenings during the 1st visit. By the 12th month, there was deterioration in all data in the control group and significant improvement in the intervention group. Those with sleep disturbances also had lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) values (p = 0.0054). For the other analyzes no significant differences were found., Conclusion: Participants who skipped breakfast and had more nocturnal awakenings possibly had worse glycemic and weight control, but this difference was not statistically significant and only trends were observed. Sleep disorders could affect HDL-C levels. However, the influence analysis does not establish a causal relationship and more clinical trials are needed to analyze this topic on T2D., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Obesity is a complex chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. There is still significant stigma associated with it, which can lead to discrimination and create additional barriers for people who are already in treatment. On the other hand, it is noted that it can have serious implications for health and predisposition to noncommunicable chronic diseases. In this sense, the objective of this study was to carry out a narrative review involving all current elements for understanding, prevention, treatment, and debate of stigmas related to obesity. A search was conducted in 2024 for original articles, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines in the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, CrossRef, and Google Scholar. The publication period was from 2014 to 2024. Obesity is influenced by a complex combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. It is encouraging to see that various emerging points have been identified across different fields such as histology, physiology, genetics, weight loss, and public policy. These obesity areas certainly warrant attention and future studies. Researchers can delve into these topics to deepen their understanding and potentially uncover novel insights. The management should be multifactorial and individualized for each patient. Public policies also play a crucial role in combating obesity, including health promotion, prevention of excessive weight gain, early diagnosis, and proper care of patients. It is crucial that society begins to see the disease as an extremely complex element and not as a moral failure or lack of willpower. This requires a change in the way people talk about obesity, as well as practices that support people instead of stigmatizing them. Obesity does not have a specific address, color, or race. It belongs to everyone and should be regarded as a global public health problem., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)