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Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral condition that may appear as an isolated entity or as part of a genetic disease or syndrome. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that trigger this pathologic process are not completely understood. In this article, we present a rare case of hereditary gingival fibromatosis in conjunction with a syndromic phenotype, associated with a rare missense mutation of the KCNK4 gene. This mutation induces a change in the structure of the TRAAK channel belonging to the 2-pore potassium channels. The gain of function promoted by the mutation could represent the pathogenetic basis of gingival fibromatosis.

To explore the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether there is a correlation between TMD prevalence and MS severity.PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs were systematically searched until July 30 2022, to identify studies presenting patients affected by MS and whether there is a correlation between TMD prevalence and MS severity.Out of 292 papers, 8 studies were included with 1312 study participants. Among the 8 studies, 5 had a control group; 5 used the RDC/TMD criteria, 1 used the NOT-S instrument, and 2 did not define a standardized method to define TMD symptoms. Meta-analysis revealed that the MS group had a higher rate than the control group, showing an association between MS and TMD (RR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.21-3.65).These findings show an association between TMD and MS.Australian Longitudinal Study of MS (AMSLS); Computed Tomography (CT); Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN); Central Nervous System (CNS); Decayed, Missing, and Filled (DMF); Decayed, Missing, or Filled Teeth Index (DMFT); Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS); European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders (EACD); Healthy Controls (HC); International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); Multiple Sclerosis (MS); Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S); Participants, model of Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO); Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA); Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD); Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ); Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD); World Health Organization (WHO).

Simple Summary Prognostic models to choose the right treatment schedule are needed in order to translate into practice a personalized approach. None of these models have been still entered into the clinical practice for what concern oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this manuscript we performed a systematic review and subsequent quality assessment of already development prognostic model for OSCC with the aim to take stock of the situation on their possible clinical use. Abstract (1) Background: An accurate prediction of cancer survival is very important for counseling, treatment planning, follow-up, and postoperative risk assessment in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). There has been an increased interest in the development of clinical prognostic models and nomograms which are their graphic representation. The study aimed to revise the prognostic performance of clinical-pathological prognostic models with internal validation for OSCC. (2) Methods: This systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews chapter on searching, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). (3) Results: Six studies evaluating overall survival in patients with OSCC were identified. All studies performed internal validation, while only four models were externally validated. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of this systematic review, it is possible to state that it is necessary to carry out internal validation and shrinkage to correct overfitting and provide an adequate performance for optimism. Moreover, calibration, discrimination and nonlinearity of continuous predictors should always be examined. To reduce the risk of bias the study design used should be prospective and imputation techniques should always be applied to handle missing data. In addition, the complete equation of the prognostic model must be reported to allow updating, external validation in a new context and the subsequent evaluation of the impact on health outcomes and on the cost-effectiveness of care.

Inflammation seems to play a critical role in the development and progression of different cancers. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily measurable marker of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic role of the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated by surgery alone or followed by chemo/radiotherapy. This systematic review was performed according to the guidelines reported in the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Meta-analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival was performed using the inverse of variance test. Fixed-effect models were used on the basis of the presence of heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were also performed; the quality of the evidence was evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The analysis revealed that a higher value of pre-treatment NLR correlates with a statistically significant decrease of overall survival (HR, 1.56; 95% CI: [1.35, 1.80]; P

Background The occurrence of a head and neck tumoral mass at birth or shortly afterwards may cause concern and the differential diagnosis may be complex. Sialoblastoma is a rare epithelial tumor of the salivary glands of uncertain malignant potential, which typically affects children and arises more frequently in the parotid gland. The diagnosis may be challenging, as the differential diagnosis is wide. Methods The present paper reports a case of sialoblastoma, present at birth, diagnosed in a 20-day-old girl. The patient was submitted to surgery and the neoplasm was excised "en bloc". We also carried out a thorough review of all cases of sialoblastoma, diagnosed in the first year of life and reported in the literature, using the PubMed database. Results A final diagnosis of sialoblastoma was rendered through histological examination and immunohistochemistry. The neoplasm resulted entirely excised with disease-free surgical margins, and no other therapy was necessary. The 2 years clinical and instrumental follow-up was uneventful. Conclusions Through the present case and the review of the literature, the state of the art is established with regard the clinical aspects, the morphological and immunophenotypic features for diagnostic purpose. Moreover, parameters that can influence the prognosis are evaluated, paying attention especially to the cases of sialoblastoma diagnosed in the first year of life.

Ectopic lower third molar is an uncommon condition, and its etiology remains unclear. The main approach used for its surgical removal is the intraoral one, but there are cases in which this may not be the best option. When the lower third molar is located below the lower alveolar canal or when it is close to the lower edge of the jaw, the most recommended approach is the extraoral one. The critical issues related to the extraoral approach are the possibility of damaging anatomical structures such as marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (craniofacial nerve VII), facial artery and vein, and submental artery. This complication can occur during incision and dissection of the superficial layers or during osteotomy with rotating instruments.This paper reports a case of extraction of ectopic lower third molar using a minimally invasive extraoral approach combined with piezoelectric surgery in order to prevent intraoperative injury of anatomical structures.

BACKGROUND Primary salivary gland lymphomas are unusual, accounting for 2.5% to 4.5% of salivary gland tumours. More than 90% are non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is the most common histotype. METHODS A patient with a history of CD5-negative and CD23-negative clonal B-cell lymphocytosis presented a nodule in the deeper left parotid region, discovered accidentally during a follow-up for the lymphocytosis. Ultrasounds and Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple nodules, the biggest of about 1.5 centimetres, partly solid and partly cystic. US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry were executed. Final diagnosis of a monoclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder was rendered, and the patient underwent to partial left parotidectomy. RESULTS Histological examination and immunohistochemistry allowed to formulate the final diagnosis of an extranodal non-Hodgkin B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) occurring in the context of a lympho-epithelial cyst was rendered. The 2 years clinical and instrumental follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic evaluation of a LEC has to include the possibility of a concurrent EMZL, mainly in case of high risk biological and clinical conditions like CBL.

The aim of this trial was to study the concentration of Ti, V, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, and Pb in donkey milk and blood serum. One hundred twelve individual milk and blood serum samples were collected from 16 lactating donkeys (Martina-Franca-derived population; 6 to 12 yr old; 3 to 7 parities; average live weight 205.4kg; 32 to 58 d after foaling at the beginning of the trial) during a 3-mo-long experiment. The samples were analyzed for the aforementioned elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Feedstuff and drinking water were also analyzed for the investigated elements. Data were processed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Average milk concentrations (±SD) of Ti, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cs, and Pb were 77.3 (±7.7), 339.1 (±82.1), 881.7 (±270.4), 4.5 (±1.6), 0.49 (±0.09), and 3.2 (±2.7) μg/L, respectively. More than 80% of samples were below the limit of detection for V, As, and Cd in milk and for Cd, and Pb in blood serum. The lower bound calculated for milk V, As, and Cd was 0.03μg/L for the 3 elements, the upper bound was calculated at 0.23, 0.10, and 0.31μg/L and the maximum value was observed at 0.54, 0.15, and 0.51μg/L, respectively. The average milk concentrations of Ti, Rb, Sr, Mo, and Cs were 600, 458, 346, 16, and 294%, respectively, than those of blood serum. Yet, Cs concentrations were in the same order of magnitude in milk and serum. Moderate to strong positive and significant correlation coefficients were observed between milk and blood serum concentrations for Ti, Rb, Sr, and Cs. The effect of the stage of lactation was significant for all the investigated elements in milk and blood serum, but most of the elements showed only small changes or inconsistent trends, and only the concentrations of Rb and Sr showed decreasing trends both in milk and blood serum. The relationship between milk and blood serum element concentrations indicates that the mammary gland plays a role in determining the milk concentrations of Mo, Ti, Rb, Sr, Mo, and Cs. In the current experimental conditions, in agreement with the low levels in drinking water and feedstuff, donkey milk concentration of potentially toxic elements was very low and did not raise health concerns for human consumption.