Search

Self-discipline pervasively impacts most aspects of human life. It also promotes numerous human behaviors with positive psychological outcomes. Two studies were conducted within the scope of this research. The aim of the first study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the self-discipline scale (SDS) for adults. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted on two different samples attending different universities in Turkey. As a result of the analyses, a valid and reliable scale was developed consisting of the two-dimensional construct and 13 items. The aim of the second study was to test the sequential mediating roles of grit and life-satisfaction in the relationship between self-discipline and peace among college students. The results revealed that self-discipline is positively related to grit, life-satisfaction, and peace. Path analysis showed that the sequential mediating effect is significant for grit and life satisfaction on the relationship between self-discipline and peace. Overall, these results demonstrated that self-discipline makes a significant contribution to a peaceful life, also grit and life-satisfaction have a remarkable role in this contribution., Author(s): Zeynep Simsir [sup.1] , Bülent Dilmaç [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411124.3, 0000 0004 1769 6008, Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Eregli Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, , [...]

Peace is an ideal that features prominently in utopian thought. The ideas from this source sometimes provide a basis for experiments where ways of living in peace can be put into practice, typically as alternative communities. This paper reviews utopianism as a framework for both ideas and practice. Although there is little evidence that utopian ideas 'succeed' in a formal sense, the process of placing mainstream society in front of a mirror has a value in itself. The main message of utopians is that society can be better than it is and that dreaming of a world without war cannot simply be dismissed as unrealistic., War has been a constant in human history. Yet so, too, is the pursuit of peace. The two are polar opposites but inextricably linked. It is rare to conjecture one [...]

The aim of this paper, which more generally is a contribution to political theology, is to show in what way the conception of peace in Nicholas of Cusa's De Pace Fidei is dependent upon a specific philosophical anthropology. Within it any link between human being and law is replaced by the subject of faith. Central to the argument is demonstrating the ways in which this anthropological position is necessarily interarticulated with the larger metaphysical positions that are advanced across a range of Cusanus' texts. Keywords: belief, faith, Nicholas of Cusa, Paul, political theology, The project of this paper is to contribute to political theology. (1) However, rather than structure political theology in terms either of a set of arguments concerning the secularisation of [...]

In Defensor Pacis Marsilius of Padua grounds the legitimacy of the kingdom, or the state (civitas), on the peace that rule provides the citizens. Looking at Aristotle's claim that the civitas strives to be like an animal in which all parts in the right proportion for the sake of health, Marsilius argues that 'the parts of the kingdom or state will be well disposed for the sake of peace [tranquilitas].' Marsilius goes on to define peace as the agreeable 'belonging together' of all members of the kingdom or the state. In this way, Marsilius moves away from a theological ground of the legitimacy of the state towards one that is entirely secular. However, the ground is an unstable one in that it acknowledges the fact that the 'members' of the body politic are characterised by difference. As such, the ground of legitimate authority will be characterised as much by force as by peace or by the relation of force to peace. Keywords: Marsilius of Padua, Defensor Pacis, peace, sovereignty, glory, While there is no doubt of the importance of Marsilius of Padua (c. 1275-c. 1342) as a contributor to the history of political theory, the exact nature of that contribution [...]

This article examines some of the ways in which Plato conveys a concern with peace and what conceptions of peace he has a concern with. I first consider Plato's attitude to war ([phrase omitted]) and its conventional opposite, peace ([phrase omitted]). In this context we find very little concern with peace at all and, by contrast, a somewhat disturbing emphasis on the importance of war. However, if we turn from war to a different type of conflict, faction ([phrase omitted]), we find a distinct difference. Plato considers faction unproductive because of the internal divisions it sustains. Yet Plato does not specifically call the opposite of faction 'peace'; instead, he uses terms that have different extensions for us, such as [phrase omitted] ('justice'). Nevertheless, it is possible to outline a positive Platonic conception of peace by tabling a set a of peace-related terms. I distinguish three categories of terms that describe (1) conditions of peace (or negative peace), (2) dispositions of peacefulness, and (3) relations of peace, where such relations result from the expression of peaceful dispositions. My examination suggests that positive peace, for Plato, is founded on the unity and integrity of character. Only when individuals are at peace with themselves can peace within society be achieved. Keywords: character, justice , peace, stasis, war, The most general problem facing an attempt to describe Plato's conception of peace is the problem of conceptual change. The historical outline of a normative concept is amoebic. Even within [...]

The proclivity to synthesis as opposed to analysis is shown to be the root of the deeply ingrained belief in peace in Indian culture. This can be seen in the rationale behind Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence.Two types of freedom are discussed. Freedom 'for' satisfying instincts is differentiated from freedom 'from' compulsion, and the latter is shown to be the key to achieving peace.Four arguments in the form of theses showing similarity between an individual and society are forwarded: 1) their evolution from animal to civilized and further to an enlightened state, 2) five sheaths that form their personality, 3) being dictated by the subconscious, 4) attachment, hatred, and fear as the three basic dysfunctions., INTRODUCTIONThe land of India has been preoccupied by deep introspection about the inner world of one's own being for millennia. This search enabled the sun of knowledge of consciousness to [...]

Peace research has abandoned the pursuit of positive peace because of a profound commitment to an ontology of violence. By assuming that the world is shaped by arbitrary power relations, scholars working on liberal and post-liberal peace end up focusing their research on negative peace. This article develops a critique of this ontology of violence assumed by the Realist, Liberal, and Critical traditions which conceals the possibility of positive peace. Following the lead of Charles Taylor, it locates the philosophical shackles that stifle peace research in the immanent frame that underpins the political work of Hobbes and his contemporaries. The article outlines the contours of an ontology of peace and revisits the concept of eirenism to conceptualise positive peace., In a recent article published in the International Studies Quarterly, Paul Diehl explains that the scholarly study of peace has been primarily focusing on negative peace as the absence of [...]

Happiness, conflict and peace are terms, ideas, and pursuits that embody myriad meanings, definitions, and expressions. Variation in how happiness and peace are understood exists both within and between the [...]

The peace concept has been traditionally understood as the absence of conflict and war among the states. However, widening and deepening of security conception requires to consider the forms of structural and cultural violence. While the number and intensity of intra-state conflicts has increased in the post-Cold War era, bringing an end to intrastate conflicts and building a long-lasting peace have become one of the important policy agendas of the international community. So, it is necessary to comprehend the concept of peace in terms of both negative and positive meanings. Post-independence Kosovo has been experiencing a transition period and faces major socio-economic and political problems. This article, which aims to analyze the peace predicament of post-independence era of Kosovo, states that in spite of Kosovo's significant improvements in terms of negative peace in its reconstruction period, the country faces important problems in terms of positive peace. Keywords: Peace, Negative Peace, Positive Peace, Kosovo. Baris kavrami, geleneksel olarak devletler arasinda savas ve catismanin olmamasi durumu olarak anlasilmistir. Bununla birlikte, genisleyen ve derinlesen guvenlik anlayisi, yapisal ve kulturel siddet turlerinin goz onune alinmasini gerektirmektedir. Soguk Savas sonrasi donemde sayisi ve yogunlugu artan devlet-ici catismalari sona erdirmek ve uzun sureli bir barisi insa etmek, onemli gundem maddelerinden birisi haline gelmistir. Bu nedenle, baris kavraminin hem olumsuz hem de olumlu anlamlarda dusunulmesi gereklidir. 17 Subat 2008'de bagimsizligini ilan eden Kosova, hala bir gecis donemi yasamaktadir ve onemli toplumsal, siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlarla karsi karsiyadir. Bagimsizlik sonrasi donemde Kosova'daki baris durumunu analiz etmeyi amaclayan bu calismada, yeniden insa donemini yasayan Kosova'nin olumsuz baris anlaminda onemli ilerlemeler kaydetmis olmasina ragmen, olumlu baris anlaminda ciddi sorunlarla yuz yuze oldugu belirtilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Baris, Olumsuz Baris, Olumlu Baris, Kosova., Giris Savas kadar baris da uluslararasi politikanin temel kavramlarindan birisidir. Baris Arastirmalari'nin temel ilgi alanlari, savasin onlenmesi ve siddet iceren catismalarin bariscil yontemlerle kontrolu ve cozulmesi olmustur. (1) Fakat genel [...]

This article explores the meaning of peace and human security from the perspective of the individual--the presumed referent point of security--and examines responses to armed conflict, a leading source of insecurity for African peoples. It identifies inherent flaws in approaches to conflict in Africa and looks to a different field--that of leadership--for a more effective formula for peacemaking. In the absence of a framework that can effectively end the cycle of conflict relapse in Africa, the paper argues that an alternative framing of leadership is needed; and that alternative leadership approaches to dealing with conflict and insecurity offer a chance for stable peace and human security. It suggests that an expanded perspective on leadership provides a basis for exploring interventions that can potentially alter peacemaking discourses as well as the terrain in which peacemaking takes place. The article therefore asks what a focus on the individual as the referent point of security means if and when viewed from the perspective of a collection of individuals. In this regard, it presents emerging perspectives from a study of young Africans on leadership programmes in a classroom setting and attempts to extrapolate them to wider societal settings. It then explores how a different perspective of leadership might serve as a facilitator of peace and human security in Africa, drawing examples from past and on-going situations of armed conflict in Africa., 1. Introduction Defining what constitutes peace is as elusive as finding a sustainable threshold within which human communities can live in harmony, while also seeking to attain their full potential. [...]