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3. Wannier quasi-classical approach to high harmonic generation in semiconductors

Author

Parks, Andrew M., Ernotte, Guilmot, Thorpe, Adam, McDonald, Chris R., Corkum, Paul B., Taucer, Marco, and Brabec, Thomas

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We develop a quasi-classical theory of high harmonic generation in semiconductors based on an interband current that has been transformed from Bloch to Wannier basis. The Wannier quasi-classical approach reveals a complete picture of the mechanisms shaping high harmonic generation, such that quantitative agreement with full quantum calculations is obtained. The intuitive picture revealed by quasi-classical wavepacket propagation will be helpful in the interpretation and design of high harmonic and attosecond experiments. Beyond that, the capacity to quantitatively model quantum dynamics with classical trajectories should prove useful for a wider spectrum of condensed matter research, including coherent control, transport theory, and strong field physics., Comment: 9 pages; 5 figures; 2 appendices

Published
2020

5. UNFAIR COLLECTION: RECLAIMING CONTROL OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PERSONAL INFORMATION FROM DATA SCRAPERS

Author

Parks, Andrew M.

Subjects
Privacy, Right of -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Remedies -- Standards, Data security -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Remedies -- Standards, Data entry -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Remedies -- Standards, Government regulation, Data security issue, Law, California. Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020
Abstract

Rising enthusiasm for consumer data protection in the United States has resulted in several states advancing legislation to protect the privacy of their residents' personal information. But even the newly [...]

Published
2022

9. Assessing construct validity of the Beighton Score as a measure of generalized joint hypermobility in varsity athletes.

Author

Parks, Andrew, Kazemi, Mohsen, Frost, David, and Howarth, Samuel J.

Subjects
*SHOULDER physiology, *HIP joint physiology, *PHYSICAL diagnosis, *RESEARCH, *STATISTICS, *RANGE of motion of joints, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *JOINT instability, *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques, *T-test (Statistics), *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *GLENOHUMERAL joint, *STATISTICAL correlation, *DATA analysis software, *DATA analysis, *SECONDARY analysis
Abstract

The Beighton Score (BS) is a tool that dichotomizes those who have generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and those who do not. Unfortunately, the BS is often used in populations that it was not originally developed for, including athletes for screening purposes. The construct validity of the BS remains unknown in this population. This secondary analysis investigated the construct validity of the BS by comparing varsity athletes' passive shoulder and hip ranges of motion (ROMs) to their respective BS and individual forward bend tests (FBTs). There were statistically significant but weak correlations between shoulder ROMs and the BS (r=0.142, p=0.021). Mean hip ROMs were greater by 5-degrees in those with positive FBTs compared to those with negative FBTs. This difference falls within typical measurement errors that occur in practice. Therefore, our results do not support the construct validity of the BS as a measure of GJH in healthy athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

10. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in pediatric sport-related concussion: a systematic review.

Author

Parks, Andrew and Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah

Subjects
*AUTONOMIC nervous system physiology, *CINAHL database, *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, *STATISTICS, *BLOOD pressure, *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *BLOOD gases analysis, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *SPORTS injuries, *PEDIATRICS, *ATHLETES, *RISK assessment, *BRAIN concussion, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *HEART beat, *MEDLINE, *DATA analysis software, *DYSAUTONOMIA, *DISEASE risk factors, *DISEASE complications
Abstract

Objective: To identify, appraise and synthesize the evidence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction following sport-related concussion in pediatric populations. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (Ovid), SportDiscus (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and PsycINFO (Ovid). Studies were selected and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Data was extracted from the included studies and qualitatively synthesized. Results: Eleven studies were included in the synthesis. There was variability in the methods used to measure ANS function between studies, and sample populations and time to assessment following concussion varied considerably. There was also variability in the direction of change of ANS function between some studies. Conclusion: This systematic review identifies that concussion is associated with dysregulation of ANS function in pediatric athletes. We identified some weaknesses in the extant literature which may be due to existing logistical and financial barriers to implementing valid ANS measurements in clinical and sports settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

12. Orbital perspective on high-harmonic generation from solids

Author

Jimenez-Galan, Alvaro, primary, Bossaer, Chandler, additional, Ernotte, Guilmot, additional, Parks, Andrew, additional, Silva, Rui Emanuel Ferreira da, additional, Villeneuve, David, additional, Staudte, André, additional, Brabec, Thomas, additional, Luican-Mayer, Adina, additional, and Vampa, Giulio, additional

Published
2023
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15. Recognition and conservative management for a spectrum of sport-related scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries: a case series

Author

Parks, Andrew, Lee, Alexander Dennis, and Billham, Jessica

Subjects
Original Articles
Abstract

This case series presents four cases of scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. We discuss the process of early recognition and highlight difficulties encountered in current diagnostic and conservative management strategies. The cases profile interdisciplinary management of four scapholunate (SL) injuries that have different clinical presentations and injury mechanisms. Three sport-related SL injuries were managed conservatively by a sport specialist chiropractor and one sport-related case was self-managed. Management strategies included early wrist immobilization, soft tissue manual therapy, low-level laser therapy, proprioceptive and strengthening exercises, and early orthopedic referral. This case series highlights: (1) the spectrum of SL injuries (2) the importance of early specialty referral, (3) the paucity of literature with respect to conservative management of these injuries and (4) the role of manual therapy and rehabilitation professionals as part of the healthcare team in detecting and helping manage these wrist injuries.

Published
2022

21. Elon Musk Buys Twitter; Opens Questions on the Site's Journalistic and Political Future

Author

Mori, Matt Parks Andrew

Subjects
Freedom of speech, Social media, Journalism, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness, Twitter (Online social network)
Abstract

Byline: Matt Parks Andrew Mori Elon Musk's recent purchase of Twitter for $44 billion and pledge to make the social media platform more transparent with goals of protecting free speech [...]

Published
2022

24. Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Low-Cost Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Author

Vasold, Kerri L., Parks, Andrew C., Phelan, Deanna M. L., Pontifex, Matthew B., and Pivarnik, James M.

Subjects
*ANALYSIS of variance, *BODY composition, *COLLEGE students, *STATISTICAL correlation, *ELECTRONICS, *BIOELECTRIC impedance, *SEX distribution, *LEAN body mass, *INTRACLASS correlation, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Research comparing portable body composition methods, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), to air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is limited. We assessed reliability and validity of predicting fat-free mass (FFM) by the RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIA machines using ADP via BodPod as a criterion. FFM (kg) was assessed twice in college students (N = 77, 31 males and 46 females; age = 19.1 ± 1.2 years) using ADP, RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIAs. Reliability was assessed using analysis of variance to obtain an intraclass correlation statistic (Rxx). Validity was assessed using Pearson correlation (r) coefficient. FFM averaged 75.6 ± 9.4 kg in men and 59.8 ± 7.6 kg in women. Reliability was high in both genders RJL (Rxx = .974-.994), Omron (Rxx = .933-.993), and Tanita (Rxx = .921-.991). Validity within males was also high: RJL (r = .935), Omron (r = .942), and Tanita (r = .934), and only slightly lower in females: RJL (r = .924), Omron (r = .897), and Tanita (r = .898). The RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIA machines appear to be both reliable and valid for predicting FFM of male and female college students. Therefore, any of these three BIA devices is appropriate to use for body composition assessment in a healthy adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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26. Contributors

Author

Abutarbush, Sameeh M., primary, Aceto, Helen, additional, Affolter, Verena K., additional, Albanese, Valeria, additional, Aleman, Monica, additional, Allen, Kate, additional, Allen, Kent, additional, Alvarenga, Marco Antonio, additional, Andrews, Frank M., additional, Annear, Matthew, additional, Banse, Heidi, additional, Barrett, Elizabeth J., additional, Bauck, Anje G., additional, Beard, Laurie A., additional, Beard, Warren, additional, Belgrave, Rodney L., additional, Blanchard, Terry L., additional, Blott, Sarah, additional, Brandt, Sabine, additional, Branson, Keith R., additional, Brink, Palle, additional, Brockus, Charles W., additional, Brown, James A., additional, Buchanan, Benjamin R., additional, Buhl, Rikke, additional, Burba, Daniel J., additional, Burden, Faith, additional, Burns, Teresa A., additional, Camacho-Luna, Pilar, additional, Canisso, Igor F., additional, Carlson, Kelly L., additional, Carr, Elizabeth A., additional, Chapman, Hannah-Sophie, additional, Claes, Anthony, additional, Clayton, Hilary M., additional, Clode, Alison B., additional, Coleman, Michelle C., additional, Contino, Erin K., additional, Cook, R. Frank, additional, Cook, Vanessa L., additional, Corley, Kevin T., additional, Cullinane, Ann, additional, Coutinho da Silva, Marco A., additional, Dahlgren, Linda A., additional, Dart, Andrew J., additional, Davidson, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, Elizabeth, additional, Dechant, Julie E., additional, Diaz-Méndez, Andrés, additional, Divers, Thomas J., additional, du Toit, Nicole, additional, Dunkel, Bettina, additional, Durham, Matthew G., additional, Dyson, Sue, additional, Eastman, Tim G., additional, Elton, Debra, additional, Epstein, Kira L., additional, Estell, Krista E., additional, Ewart, Susan L., additional, Ferris, Ryan A., additional, Fielding, C. Langdon, additional, Finan, Seán A., additional, Finno, Carrie J., additional, Fowlie, Jennifer, additional, Frank, Nicholas, additional, Franklin, Samantha H., additional, Frazer, Michele L., additional, Freeman, David E., additional, Furr, Martin, additional, Garrett, Katherine S., additional, Gilger, Brian C., additional, Gillis, Carol L., additional, Gimenez, Rebecca M., additional, Giuliano, Elizabeth A., additional, Goehring, Lutz S., additional, Goodrich, Laurie R., additional, Graves, Emily A., additional, Guthrie, Alan J., additional, Hackett, Eileen S., additional, Hahn, Caroline, additional, Hainisch, Edmund K., additional, Hanson, R. Reid, additional, Hart, Kelsey A., additional, Haussler, Kevin K., additional, Henninger, Rick W., additional, Hogan, Patricia M., additional, Hollis, Anna R., additional, Hurcombe, Samuel D.A., additional, Issel, Charles J., additional, Jesty, Sophy A., additional, Johnson, Amy L., additional, Johnson, Philip J., additional, Jokisalo, Jonna M., additional, Kamm, J. Lacy, additional, Katz, Lisa Michelle, additional, Knych, Heather K., additional, Labelle, Amber L., additional, Lacombe, Véronique A., additional, Landolt, Gabriele A., additional, Léguillette, Renaud, additional, Leutenegger, Christian M., additional, Lorch, Gwendolen, additional, Losinno, Luis, additional, Lugo, Joel, additional, Macpherson, Margo L., additional, Madigan, John E., additional, Magdesian, K. Gary, additional, Mair, Tim, additional, Mama, Khursheed R., additional, Marsella, Rosanna, additional, Mason, Clara Ann, additional, Matthews, Nora S., additional, McCarrel, Taralyn M., additional, McCluskey, Brian J., additional, McConnico, Rebecca S., additional, McCracken, Jeanette L., additional, McCue, Patrick M., additional, McGorum, Bruce C., additional, McGurrin, M. Kimberly J., additional, McKenzie, Harold C., additional, McKinnon, Angus O., additional, McNabb, Noelle T., additional, Meindel, Mandy J., additional, Mendes, Luiz Claudio Nogueira, additional, Millerick-May, Melissa L., additional, Morehead, James P., additional, Morresey, Peter R., additional, Morrison, Scott E., additional, Morton, Alison J., additional, Mowat, Freya M., additional, Murray, Rachel C., additional, Natalini, Claudio C., additional, Nelson, Brad B., additional, Neto, Carlos Ramires, additional, Newcombe, John R., additional, Newton, J. Richard, additional, Nielsen, Martin K., additional, O'Brien, Philippa, additional, O'Grady, Stephen E., additional, O'Neill, Henry D., additional, Oosterlinck, Maarten, additional, Paccamonti, Dale L., additional, Page, Allen E., additional, Papa, Frederico Ozanam, additional, Parkin, Tim D.H., additional, Parks, Andrew H., additional, Pease, Anthony P., additional, Peek, Simon F., additional, Pelzel-McCluskey, Angela M., additional, Perkins, Justin D., additional, Peroni, John F., additional, Peters, Duncan F., additional, Petersen, Annette, additional, Phillips, Jeffrey, additional, Plummer, Caryn E., additional, Powell, Sarah E., additional, Pozor, Malgorzata, additional, Prange, Timo, additional, Puschner, Birgit, additional, Pusterla, Nicola, additional, Pynn, Oliver D., additional, Ragle, Claude A., additional, Rashmir-Raven, Ann, additional, Reed, Stephen M., additional, Richter, Ruth-Anne, additional, Robinson, N. Edward, additional, Rombach, Nicole, additional, Ruggles, Alan J., additional, Runcan, Erin E., additional, Schott, Harold C., additional, Schroeder, Eric L., additional, Schumacher, John, additional, Schumacher, Stephen A., additional, Scoggin, Charles F., additional, Sellon, Debra C., additional, Sherlock, Ceri, additional, Sinclair, Charlotte, additional, Sinclair, Melissa, additional, Slovis, Nathan, additional, Soboll Hussey, Gisela, additional, Spier, Sharon J., additional, Sponseller, Beatrice T., additional, Sprayberry, Kim A., additional, Stack, Alice, additional, Stick, John, additional, Stover, Susan M., additional, Stratford, Claire H., additional, Stubbs, Narelle Colleen, additional, Taintor, Jennifer S., additional, Thiemann, Alexandra K., additional, Timoney, John F., additional, Toribio, Ramiro E., additional, Tranquille, Carolyne A., additional, Traub-Dargatz, Josie L., additional, Tulloch, Laura K., additional, Utter, Mary Lassaline, additional, van den Top, Gerald, additional, Varner, Dickson D., additional, Viel, Laurent, additional, von Schweinitz, Dietrich Graf, additional, Waldridge, Bryan M., additional, Walker, Vicki A., additional, Watts, Ashlee E., additional, Werner, Laura A., additional, Weyer, Camilla T., additional, White, Stephen D., additional, Wilkerson, Melinda J., additional, Wilkins, Pamela A., additional, Wilson, M. Eilidh, additional, Wilson, Pamela J., additional, Witte, Thomas H., additional, Wong, David M., additional, and Yiannikouris, Stavros, additional

Published
2015
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28. THE World's 100 Greatest Places.

Author

Vesoulis, Abby, Kidangoor, Abhishyant, Abrams, Abigail, de la Garza, Alejandro, Wunderman, Ali, Gunia, Amy, Parks, Andrew, Kambhampaty, Anna, Baker, Aryn, Halpern, Ashlea, Kemper, Benjamin, Perrigo, Billy, Presser, Brandon, Lang, Cady, Wisel, Carlye, Matthews, Cate, Nugent, Ciara, Alioto, Daisy, Lott-Schwartz, Hannah, and Leung, Hillary

Subjects
SEA baths, ICELAND description & travel, KENYA description & travel
Abstract

The article offers travel tips for what the journal ranks as the 100 greatest places in the world including Leopard Hill at the Mara Naboisho Conservancy in Kenya, the Geosea Geothermal Sea Baths in Husavik, Iceland, and Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California.

Published
2019

29. 5th generation vs 4th generation troponin T in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized for non-cardiac indications: A cohort study

Author

Gupta, Vedant, primary, Paranzino, Marc, additional, Alnabelsi, Talal, additional, Ayoub, Karam, additional, Eason, Joshua, additional, Mullis, Andin, additional, Kotter, John R., additional, Parks, Andrew, additional, May, Levi, additional, Nerusu, Sethabhisha, additional, Dai, Chen, additional, Cleland, Daniel, additional, Leung, Steve Wah, additional, and Sorrell, Vincent Leigh, additional

Published
2021
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31. Principles of Therapy for Lameness

Author

Koch, Drew W., primary, Goodrich, Laurie R., additional, Smanik, Lauren E., additional, Steward, Sara K.T., additional, Ernst, Nicolas S., additional, Trumble, Troy N., additional, Parks, Andrew H., additional, Haussler, Kevin K., additional, King, Melissa, additional, Ellis, Katherine, additional, and Stubbs, Narelle C., additional

Published
2020
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34. 12: Questions For: Amanda Peet

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Gluten, Gluten-free diet, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: PHOTOGRAPH BY RAMONA ROSALES INTERVIEW BY ANDREW PARKS 12 QUESTIONS FOR Amanda Peet The Togetherness actress is gluten-free-until she's a couple drinks in What's your morning ritual? 'I'm a [...]

Published
2016

35. Ice Cube

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
It Was a Good Day (Sound recording), Rap singers -- Works -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: ANDREW PARKS PHOTOGRAPH BY ALEX LAU ICE CUBE After N.W.A. and Straight Outta Compton , Ice Cube struck out on his own with hit singles like 'It Was a [...]

Published
2016

36. 13 Questions For: Jane Lynch

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Chocolate -- Rites, ceremonies and celebrations, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: PHOTOGRAPH BY JUCO 13 QUESTIONS FOR Jane Lynch The coffee obsessive-and star of Angel from Hell -shares her surprising Christmas Eve ritual THE VITALS Age 55 Hometown Dolton, IL [...]

Published
2015

37. It Wasn’t LUCK.

Author

Parks, Andrew

Abstract

The article offers information on various aspects related to supermarket chain Lucky's Market owned by couple Trish and Bo Sharon. Among the topics discussed include products offered by the grocery, the involvement of the chain with grocery firm North Boulder Market, and the importance of investment for traditional supermarkets.

Published
2016

38. 5th generation vs 4th generation troponin T in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized for non-cardiac indications: A cohort study.

Author

Gupta, Vedant, Paranzino, Marc, Alnabelsi, Talal, Ayoub, Karam, Eason, Joshua, Mullis, Andin, Kotter, John R., Parks, Andrew, May, Levi, Nerusu, Sethabhisha, Dai, Chen, Cleland, Daniel, Leung, Steve Wah, and Sorrell, Vincent Leigh

Subjects
MICROFILAMENT proteins, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, TROPONIN, COPEPTINS, COHORT analysis, MORTALITY, HEART disease related mortality, HOSPITAL emergency services, MAJOR adverse cardiovascular events
Abstract

Objective: The frequency and implications of an elevated cardiac troponin (4th or 5th generation TnT) in patients outside of the emergency department or presenting with non-cardiac conditions is unclear. Methods: Consecutive patients aged 18 years or older admitted for a primary non-cardiac condition who had the 4th generation TnT drawn had the 5th generation TnT run on the residual blood sample. Primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality (ACM) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) respectively at 1 year. Results: 918 patients were included (mean age 59.8 years, 55% male) in the cohort. 69% had elevated 5th generation TnT while 46% had elevated 4th generation TnT. 5th generation TnT was more sensitive and less specific than 4th generation TnT in predicting both ACM and MACE. The sensitivities for the 5th generation TnT assay were 85% for ACM and 90% for MACE rates, compared to 65% and 70% respectively for the 4th generation assay. 5th generation TnT positive patients that were missed by 4th generation TnT had a higher risk of ACM (27.5%) than patients with both assays negative (27.5% vs 11.1%, p<0.001), but lower than patients who had both assay positive (42.1%). MACE rates were not better stratified using the 5th generation TnT assay. Conclusions: In patients admitted for a non-cardiac condition, 5th generation TnT is more sensitive although less specific in predicting MACE and ACM. 5th generation TnT identifies an intermediate risk group for ACM previously missed with the 4th generation assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Kevin Bacon

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
The Following (Television program), Actors -- Interviews, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: ANDREW PARKS PHOTOGRAPH BY ALEX LAU KEVIN BACON HUNGRY ON THE SET! 'Most shooting days are 14 to 16 hours. I often take snacks like nuts and carrots-I like [...]

Published
2015

41. 11: Questions For: Anthony Anderson

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Hotels and motels -- Appreciation -- United States, Actors -- Food and nutrition -- Interviews, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: PHOTOGRAPH BY RAMONA ROSALES INTERVIEW BY ANDREW PARKS 11 QUESTIONS FOR Anthony Anderson The Black-ish star on his favorite meal abroad, a room-service surprise, and culinary school aspirations THE [...]

Published
2015

42. Ian Schrager

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Miami, Florida -- Appreciation, Real estate developers -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Parks PHOTOGRAPH BY DANNY KIM Ian Schrager JOT IT DOWN 'Whenever I travel, I always take my yellow legal pad to make my notes.' New York will always [...]

Published
2015

43. 14: Questions For: Ellie Kemper

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Actors -- Interviews, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: INTERVIEW BY ANDREW PARKS PHOTOGRAPH BY BEN RAYNER 14 QUESTIONS FOR Ellie Kemper The star of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt loves deep-fried ravioli. But don't get her started on green [...]

Published
2015

44. Matt LeBlanc

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Grandparent-child relations, Actors -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Cooking, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Parks PHOTOGRAPH BY DANNY KIM Matt LeBlanc Actor Matt LeBlanc learned the art of Italian cooking from-you guessed it-Grandma. She'd host huge Sunday suppers and holiday meals (think [...]

Published
2015

45. 11: Questions For: Timothy Olyphant

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Actors -- Interviews, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: INTERVIEW BY ANDREW PARKS PHOTOGRAPH BY JEFF MINTON 11 QUESTIONS FOR Timothy Olyphant The Justified star on whiskey, world-class oatmeal, and the 'milk arts' Tell me about your morning [...]

Published
2015

46. 10: Questions For Krysten Ritter

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Actors -- Interviews, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: PHOTOGRAPH BY JUCO 10 QUESTIONS FOR Krysten Ritter The star of the film Big Eyes has given up wine, dairy, gluten, and fish. But try a fad diet? Not [...]

Published
2015

47. Tim Burton

Author

Parks, Andrew

Subjects
Movie directors -- Food and nutrition -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Parks PHOTOGRAPH BY DANNY KIM Tim Burton From the face-smacking shrimp cocktails in Beetlejuice (1988) to the river of chocolate doom that ran through Charlie and the Chocolate [...]

Published
2015

48. Variability of ICA decomposition may impact EEG signals when used to remove eyeblink artifacts

Author

PONTIFEX, MATTHEW B., GWIZDALA, KATHRYN L., PARKS, ANDREW C., BILLINGER, MARTIN, and BRUNNER, CLEMENS

Subjects
Adult, Male, Young Adult, Adolescent, Blinking, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Electroencephalography, Female, Artifacts, Evoked Potentials, Article, Algorithms
Abstract

Despite the growing use of independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms for isolating and removing eyeblink-related activity from EEG data, we have limited understanding of how variability associated with ICA uncertainty may be influencing the reconstructed EEG signal after removing the eyeblink artifact components. To characterize the magnitude of this ICA uncertainty and to understand the extent to which it may influence findings within ERP and EEG investigations, ICA decompositions of EEG data from 32 college-aged young adults were repeated 30 times for three popular ICA algorithms. Following each decomposition, eyeblink components were identified and removed. The remaining components were back-projected, and the resulting clean EEG data were further used to analyze ERPs. Findings revealed that ICA uncertainty results in variation in P3 amplitude as well as variation across all EEG sampling points, but differs across ICA algorithms as a function of the spatial location of the EEG channel. This investigation highlights the potential of ICA uncertainty to introduce additional sources of variance when the data are back-projected without artifact components. Careful selection of ICA algorithms and parameters can reduce the extent to which ICA uncertainty may introduce an additional source of variance within ERP/EEG studies.

Published
2016

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