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Reactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by native vectors with different domiciliation capabilities is a major concern for Chagas disease control programs. T. cruzi transmission via intra-domestic Rhodnius prolixus was certified as interrupted by the Pan American Health Organization in Miraflores municipality (Boyacá, Colombia) in 2019. However, Triatoma venosa, a native vector infected with T. cruzi has been increasingly found inside human dwellings across rural areas. In this study, the aim was to describe the eco-epidemiological aspects of T. cruzi transmission in the rural area of Miraflores. For this, we designed a comprehensive, multi-faceted study in 6 rural villages and performed: (i) A cross-sectional serological and molecular study enrolling 155 people and 58 domestic dogs living within 80 households, (ii) a domestic entomological survey, (iii) a determination of the natural infection and blood meal source in collected triatomine bugs, and (iv) an evaluation of synanthropic mammal infection by parasitological and molecular tools. The T. cruzi seroprevalence rates in humans and dogs were 9.03% (14/155) and 22.4% (13/58), respectively. Most infected humans were adults between the ages of 55 and 85 years old. No evidence of T. cruzi DNA was found using qPCR in human blood samples, but we found high parasitemia levels in the infected dogs. In total, 38 triatomine bugs were collected inside dwellings and peridomestic areas: 68.4% (26/38) Triatoma venosa, 29% (11/38) Panstrongylus geniculatus, and 2.6% (1/38) P. rufotuberculatus. Natural infection prevalence was 88% (22/25) for T. venosa, 100% (12/12) for P. geniculatus, and 100% (1/1) P. rufotuberculatus: only TcI was found. No evidence of R. prolixus was found in the area. Two feeding sources were identified in T. venosa (humans and cats), while P. geniculatus fed on cows and bats. Lastly, seven D. marsupialis were captured in peridomestic areas, three were infected with T. cruzi (TcI). The results suggest the existence of T. cruzi transmission cycle between triatomines, dogs, and opossums representing a risk of infection for the human population in rural areas of Miraflores. Despite PAHO declaring Miraflores municipality, Colombia an area of T. cruzi transmission interruption in 2019, this study documents evidence of a secondary vector establishing in domestic settings. T. venosa entomological surveillance is warranted to evaluate prospective human transmission risk in an otherwise 'no-risk' perceived Chagas disease region.

In this work, we advocate agroforestry as a sustainable agricultural method that leverages biodiversity and ecosystem services, simultaneously tackling the problems of adaptation and mitigation to climate change, and of land restoration for sustainable agriculture across scales. While the rise of industrial agriculture has been instrumental in addressing the food demands of an expanding global population, enhancing food quality, yield, productivity, and efficiency, we must now reckon with the consequences. This advancement, which prioritizes simplification, specialization, and external inputs, has escalated detrimental externalities including deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, pollution, and an increase in greenhouse gases, contributing significantly to global warming and to exacerbated environmental crises. These demand urgent attention. In response, various agricultural methodologies such as organic, biodynamic, ecological, and biological farming have emerged, attempting to propose alternatives. However, these methods have yet to significantly alter the trajectory of mainstream agriculture. For over two decades, we have devoted our efforts to developing and refining a multispecies integrated agroforestry system for the sustainable cultivation of Ilex paraguariensis, “yerba mate,” in the subtropical north-east of Argentina. With “integrated” we mean that the trees are planted within the I. paraguariensis distribution, not between alleys as in “alley cropping” or “hedgrow intercropping.” The experimental work we present here was designed and implemented to enable data comparisons across consociations of multiple species of trees, at a relevant experimental scale. We achieve soil preservation and restoration, productivity comparable to or exceeding monocultures, and a significant increase in resiliency, particularly evidenced during the extreme climate events of spring and summer 2021 and 2022. These results underscore agroforestry’s potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Xicotli data is the short name given to the dataset generated within the project framework "Integration of Biodiversity Data for the Management and Conservation of Wild Bee-Plant Interactions in Mexico (2021-2023)", as xicotli is the generic word for a bee in Nahuatl. The team comprised eco-informaticians, ecologists and taxonomists of both native bees and flora. The generated dataset contains so far 4,532 curated records of the plants, which are potential hosts of species of three focal families of bees native to Mexico: Apidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae and morphological and ecological data of the plant-bee interactions. This dataset was integrated and mobilised from citizen observations available at naturalista.mx (iNat), which were compiled through the iNaturalist project.The new information obtained with the Xicotli data project was:Taxonomic information about bee species curated by taxonomists based on the information contained in iNaturalist;Taxonomic identification of the host plants by a botanist from the photos compiled by the Xicotli Data project;Data on the ecomorphological traits of bees and plants based on expert knowledge and literature.All the data were integrated into the Xicotli Data Project via the creation of new “observation fields". The visibility of the information originally contained in iNaturalist was maximized and can be consulted directly on the iNaturalist platform.

We report a confirmed case of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection in a woman in Spain who had a previous hematologic malignancy. Candidatus N. mikurensis infections should be especially suspected in immunocompromised patients who exhibit persistent fever and venous thrombosis, particularly if they live in environments where ticks are prevalent.

Objetivo. Identificar las acciones y experiencias de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) de mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas en la atención primaria de salud. Método. Se realiza revisión narrativa con búsqueda en las bases de datos Dialnet, Pubmed, CUIDEN, Redalyc, Scielo y BVS. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron «Mujeres», «Migrantes», «Atención Primaria de Salud», «Salud Reproductiva» y «Salud Sexual», con los operadores boleanos «AND» y «OR». Se incluyen estudios que refieren la atención de mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas en el contexto de salud sexual y reproductiva, excluyendo estudios enfocados a la población pediátrica, adulto mayor y masculina. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 16 artículos. Del análisis se desprendieron cuatro categorías: acceso a la atención de salud; estrategias de salud pública en salud sexual y reproductiva; experiencias en salud sexual y reproductiva; percepciones de salud. Conclusiones. La salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres migrantes se encuentra influenciada por diversas variables, entre los que destacan factores socioculturales y factores asociados al acceso en atención de salud. Se observa un déficit de información sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva, por lo que existe el desafío de aumentar las investigaciones en este ámbito con tal de generar políticas y protocolos de cuidado que permitan mejorar y adaptar la atención en salud sexual y reproductiva.

Introduction Healthcare fragmentation, a main cause for delay in cancer diagnosis and treatment, contributes to high mortality in Latin America (LA), particularly among disadvantaged populations. This research focuses on integrated care interventions, which have been limitedly implemented in the region. The objective is to evaluate the contextual effectiveness of scaling-up an integrated care intervention to improve early diagnosis of frequent cancers in healthcare networks of Chile, Colombia and Ecuador.Methods and analysis This research is two pronged: (A) quasi-experimental design (controlled before and after) with an intervention and a control healthcare network in each LA country, using an implementation-effectiveness hybrid approach to assess the intervention process, effectiveness and costs; and (B) case study design to analyse access to diagnosis of most frequent cancers. Focusing on the most vulnerable socioeconomic population, it develops in four phases: (1) analysis of delays and barriers to early diagnosis (baseline); (2) intervention adaptation and implementation (primary care training, fast-track referral pathway and patient information); (3) intracountry evaluation of intervention and (4) cross-country analysis. Baseline and evaluation studies adopt mixed-methods qualitative (semistructured individual interviews) and quantitative (patient questionnaire survey) methods. For the latter, a sample size of 174 patients with cancer diagnosis per healthcare network and year was calculated to detect a proportions difference of 15%, before and after intervention (α=0.05; β=0.2) in a two-sided test. A participatory approach will be used to tailor the intervention to each context, led by a local steering committee (professionals, managers, policy makers, patients and researchers).Ethics and dissemination This study complies with international and national legal stipulations on ethics. It was approved by each country’s ethical committee and informed consent will be obtained from participants. Besides the coproduction of knowledge with key stakeholders, it will be disseminated through strategies such as policy briefs, workshops, e-tools and scientific papers.

Objetivo: Correlacionar los hallazgos histopatológicos en la realización de biopsias mamarias por aspiración al vacío (BAV) con agujas 9 G con los observados en las mastografías. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 117 BAV con aguja 9 G, guiadas por estereotaxia con diagnóstico de lesiones sospechosas de malignidad en el periodo de agosto 2013 a diciembre del 2014. Se evaluaron principales factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama, hallazgos mamográficos, anatomía patológica de la biopsia radiológica y quirúrgica, así como subestimación diagnóstica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 117 muestras de pacientes con edades de 31 a 82 años. El hallazgo mamográfico más frecuente fue calcificaciones sospechosas de malignidad en 94 (80.3%) de las muestras, de las cuales 56 (47.9%) fueron diagnosticadas como lesiones benignas y 38 (32.4%) como lesiones malignas. La morfología predominante de las lesiones malignas fue finas pleomórficas y respecto a la categoría BI-RADS: 17 (14.5%) BI-RADS 4B, 9 (7.6%) BI-RADS 4C y 12 (10.2%) BI-RADS 5. Las lesiones asociadas o no a calcificaciones sospechosas fueron 23 (19.7%), de las cuales 19 (16.3%) correspondieron a lesiones malignas, distribuyéndose: 1 (0.85%) BI-RADS 4B, 11 (9.35%) BI-RADS 4C y 7 (5.95%) BI-RADS 5. En un caso (1/57) de carcinoma ductal in situ existió subestimación de infiltración. Entre las lesiones malignas, el factor de riesgo más frecuente fue no haber lactado (49.1%), el uso de la terapia hormonal (26.3%), los antecedentes heredofamiliares de cáncer de mama (22.8%) y el tabaquismo (12.3%). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio coincide con las recomendaciones de las guías para diagnóstico de elección en lesiones sospechosas de malignidad no palpables, puesto que la BAV guiada por estereotaxia es un método diagnóstico de elección en el manejo de lesiones mamarias sospechosas no palpables, disminuye la biopsia escisional y reserva el tiempo quirúrgico para la cirugía terapéutica.

The economic empowerment of women is one of the goals proposed by both national and international organizations. Although the participation of women is increasingly greater in the world of work, not the conditions to which they accede, where a barrier is observed for the continuation in the work positions, starting from the care work, where the population vulnerable is the first to be affected and expelled from formal work. An alternative to this problem could be the professionalization of care work. This work, based on the analysis of data from the General Directorate of Statistics, Surveys and Censuses, seeks to highlight the situation of vulnerability of women in general, and in particular women heads of household. Although the goal of empowering women involves coordinated actions among all levels of society, the recommendations do not forget that with specific actions in areas of high informality, such as care, we would be one step less in the final goal eradicate poverty.

Serjania triquetra is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary tract diseases, renal affections, and its complications. The population can buy this plant in folk markets as a raw material mixed with several herbal remedies or as a health supplement. On the market, two commercial presentations were found for the vegetal material; one had a bulk appearance and the other was marketed wrapped in cellophane bags (HESt-2, HESt-3). Nevertheless, the plant has not been exhaustively investigated and quality control techniques have not been developed. This research aimed to realize a phytochemical study using an authentic, freshly collected sample as a reference for S. triquetra (HESt-1), using the compounds identified. A method for the determination of preliminary chromatographic fingerprinting was developed. Additionally, the vasorelaxant effect from three samples was evaluated with ex vivo rat models. Thus, three hydroalcoholic extracts (HESt-1, HESt-2, and HESt-3) were prepared by maceration. A total of nine compounds were fully identified from HESt-1 after the extract was subjected to open-column chromatography. Seven metabolites were detected by gas chromatography, while ursolic acid (UA) and allantoin were isolated and identified using UPLC-MS and NMR, respectively. Three extracts were analyzed for their chromatographic fingerprint by UPLC-MS. Biological activity was explored by ex vivo rat aorta ring model to evaluate vasorelaxant activity. All extracts showed a vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. S. triquetra vascular activity may be attributed to UA and allantoin compounds previously described in the literature for this activity.

Background: Integrated management strategies for dengue prevention and control have been the main way to decrease the transmission of arboviruses transmitted by 'A. aegypti' in Colombia. However, the increase of chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika, and dengue (DENV) fever cases suggests deficiencies in vector control strategies in some regions from this country. Objective: This work aimed to establish a baseline susceptibility profile of 'A. aegypti' to insecticides, determine the presence of 'kdr' mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroids, and detect natural arbovirus infection in this vector from Moniquirá – Boyacá, one of the most endemic cities in Colombia. Methods: Mosquitos were collected in six neighborhoods, and colonies established in the laboratory. Susceptibility to malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides was evaluated, and we examined the point mutations present in portions of domains I, II, III, and IV of the sodium channel gene using a simple allele-specific PCR-based assay (AS-PCR). Findings: 'A. aegypti' from Moniquirá showed decreased susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides, and kdr mutations 419L, 1016I, and 1558C with allelic frequencies of 0.39, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively, were observed. The minimal infection rate (MIR) to DENV-1 was 44.1, while to CHIKV was 14.7. Conclusions: We establish a baseline insecticide resistance, 'kdr' mutations, and arbovirus circulation, which contain the elements necessary for the consolidation of a local surveillance strategy with an early warning system and rational selection and rotation of insecticides.

Resumen El presente artículo expone el resultado de una evaluación cualitativa sobre las acciones que los servicios públicos de salud desarrollan para la prevención de embarazos subsiguientes en adolescentes, en un estado en el centro-norte de México. El objetivo fue documentar los obstáculos percibidos para prevenir embarazos subsiguientes en madres adolescentes. La información se obtuvo entre 2016-2018, mediante entrevistas individuales en los domicilios de jóvenes usuarias de servicios públicos de salud. El análisis de la información se hizo a partir de la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin para teoría fundamentada. Las experiencias compartidas por las jóvenes madres fueron analizadas y clasificadas en dos categorías, obstáculos asociados a: (1) competencias profesionales, y (2) a imaginarios morales. Se concluye que las limitaciones más importantes tienen que ver con el hecho de que la estrategia de servicios amigables para adolescentes deja de implementarse en aquellas que han sido madres, sin considerar el impacto biológico y psicosocial que tienen los embarazos subsiguientes en la adolescencia y la necesidad de postergar la reproducción hasta la edad adulta.

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in humans. One of the main virulence factors of H. pylori is the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes a type 4-secretion system (T4SS) and the cytotoxin CagA. Translocation of CagA through the T4SS triggers host-signaling pathways. One of the T4SS proteins is CagL, which is necessary for CagA translocation. CagL is a 26-kDa protein that contains a hypervariable motif, which spans residues 58 to 62. Several polymorphisms in this region have been associated with different disease outcomes, e.g. in Mexico, N58 is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this work is to analyze the sequence of the hypervariable motif (residues 58 to 62) of clinical isolates from Mexican patients with chronic gastritis, and to correlate these polymorphisms with the vacA genotype. Results Of the 164 biopsies analyzed, only 30.5% (50/164) were positive for H. pylori. Thirty-six of the 50 clinical isolates (72%) were cagA positive, and 40 (80%) had the most virulent vacA genotype (s1/m1). Of the cagA positive strains, 94.4% were vacA s1/m1. All the cagA + strains contained the cagL gene. The most prevalent sequence in the polymorphic region (residues 58–62) was DKMGE (75.8%, 25/33), followed by NKMGQ and NEIGQ (6.1%, 2/33), and DEIGQ, NKMGE, DKIGE, and DKIGK (3%, 1/33). Regarding polymorphisms in positions 58 and 59, the most common were D58/K59 (81.8%, 27/33), followed by N58/K59 (9.1%, 3/33), and D58/E59 (3%, 1/33). Only two isolates (6.1%) contained residues N58/E59, which correspond to those found in H. pylori strain ATCC 26695. 92.6% of the clinical isolates having polymorphism D58/K59 had the genotype vacA s1/m1, considered to be the most virulent, while 7.4% had the genotypes vacA s1/m2 and s2/m2. Conclusions In Mexican patients, CagL polymorphisms D58, K59, M60, E62, K122, and I134 are more common in patients with chronic gastritis.

The Image of the Hispanic World in Poland: Hispanicism, Spanish-Polish Relations and Their Reflection in the Teaching of Spanish through the ELE Manuals There is evidence of medieval Polish pilgrimages to (place) and the first Polish writings about Latin America date back to the 16th century. Since then the Hispanic World has raised the interest of the Polish population and its perception has been reflected not only in literary works but also in Spanish teaching books. This paper aims to approach the concept of country image, and it will reflect on the first trips of Polish citizens to Spain and Latin America and the first writings, treatises and bilateral relationships between these countries. It will also reflect on the beginnings of the teaching of Spanish as a Second Language in Poland and the use of the first teaching methods in the country. An analysis of the image of the Hispanic world in the manual Język hiszpański dla lektoratów (1971) by Oskar Perlin and the interpretation of some examples from the manual will follow.

Möbius syndrome is a congenital paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that may be associated with involvement of other cranial nerves or other systems. In the United States frequencies from 0.002 to 0.0002 % of all births, and 1/ 50 000 newborns have been calculated. The aim of the study was to present a case of a newborn with Möbius syndrome prenatally exposed to Misoprostol, detected in a third level hospital, under the parameters of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). Literature search focused on the association of prenatal exposure to Misoprostol and congenital malformations, was realized. Case Presentation: New­born with phenotypic characteristics of Möbius syndrome, 16 -year-old mother with history of use of Misoprostol 200 mcg vaginally and 200 mcg orally during the fourth week of gestation. Discussion: Facial palsy and congenital musculoskeletal anomaly have to be established in order to diagnose Möbius syndrome, the patient meets both. Prenatal exposure to Misoprostol has been associated with the occurrence of birth defects, mainly Möbius syndrome and limb defects of terminal transverse type. One of the teratogenic mechanisms proposed for Misoprostol is vascular disruption, as we propose it could be in this case.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las columnas de La Prensa referidas a la libertad de prensa que se publicaron durante el gobierno de facto del general Roberto Viola, para identificar cuáles fueron las ideas que los columnistas de este medio pretendieron instalar frente a los lectores y qué estrategias utilizaron para lograrlo. El análisis fue realizado sobre las publicaciones del período comprendido entre marzo y diciembre de 1981, correspondientes a los tres principales columnistas: el Observador, Jesús Iglesias Rouco y Manfred Schönfeld.

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) remain largely unexplored due to the limited availability of study models in humans. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have overcome multiple limitations of retrospective clinical studies, contributing to a more detailed understanding of the molecular pathways that presumably contribute to the manifestation of depression. Despite the significant progress made by these study models, there are still more formidable challenges that will eventually be addressed by these platforms, as further studies may eventually emerge. This review will examine the most recent advances in the comprehension of depression by using human neurons and non-neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with depression. This study highlights the importance of using these platforms to increase our knowledge of depression and address this psychiatric disorder more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]