Search

This research aims to determine the performance of the grower phase until the first egg laying of mojosari ducks given turmeric flour supplementation. This research used 40 mojosari ducks aged 16-28 weeks. The experimental research method used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The research was carried out for 12 weeks, maintained intensively and given basal feed with the addition of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% turmeric flour. Basal feed is made from fine bran, ground corn and concentrate. The parameters observed were the final weight of the growth phase, body weight gain, feed conversion in the growth phase as well as body weight and age at first egg laying, as well as the weight of the first egg. The data obtained was then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. The results showed that adding turmeric flour at 16-24 weeks of age was able to increase body weight gain and reduce feed conversion rate (p<0.05), and at 24-28 weeks of age could accelerate the age of first egg laying (p<0.01). Pearson correlation showed that there was a positive relationship (0.462) between age at first laying and first egg weight, a negative relationship (-0.569) between age at first laying and body weight, and a negative relationship (-0.398) between duck body weight and first egg weight. The addition of 0.6% turmeric flour to feed is the optimal and best level to improve the performance of mojosari ducks from the growth phase to the egg-laying phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an insect pest in poultry production systems. This insect has developed resistance to many chemical insecticides. As an alternative to chemicals, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the most commonly used agents against several pest arthropods. The pathogenicity of the EPN Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser on four field strains of lesser mealworm, A. diaperinus, from Turkey was studied. In the experiments, larvae of A. diaperinus were found to be more sensitive than adults to S. carpocapsae infection. In terms of LC50 values in both larval and adult insects, Balikesir strain was found to be the most susceptible, Manisa strain the most resistant. The calculated LC50 values for adults were 85.9, 205.6, 135.4, and 418.8 IJs/ml, and for larvae 31.2, 39.8, 34.8, and 70.9 IJs/ml for the Balikesir, Canakkale, İzmir, and Manisa strains, respectively. This is the first report about the pathogenicity of EPNs against larvae and adults of lesser mealworm A. diaperinus strains from Turkey. We conclude that S. carpocapsae can be used as a control agent for lesser mealworms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lesser mealworm beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus) is one of the most abundant and resilient insect pests within poultry houses and has been observed dwelling in all types of poultry operations. The beetle is a nuisance and causes structural damage to poultry houses, which is costly for producers. Most importantly, it has been demonstrated that the lesser mealworm beetle is capable of carrying a wide variety of poultry-specific and zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. This article will focus on investigating the lesser mealworm beetle's role in the retention and transmission of bacterial pathogens and its contribution to the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Field and laboratory studies conducted to investigate the relationship between the lesser mealworm beetle and poultry-associated bacterial pathogens will be reviewed to summarise the current understanding of the beetle's contribution to bacterial pathogen transmission and antimicrobial resistance, and to provide a foundation for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a global pest of humans and animals that carries scores of pathogens and costs up to $1 billion per year in the United States alone. Information is reviewed on recognition, distribution, biology, dispersal, and associations with microbes. Particular challenges of managing flies in different animal systems are discussed for swine, poultry, dairy cattle, beef feedlot, and equine operations. Effective fly management requires diligent monitoring and integration of cultural control, especially manure management, with mechanical control, traps, conservation or augmentative biological control, and judicious use of insecticides. House fly is notorious for developing insecticide resistance and its resistance status is summarized as of August 2020. Several critical research needs are identified. Monitoring systems and nuisance/action thresholds need improvement. Faster-killing strains and better formulations are needed to integrate pathogens into Integrated Pest management (IPM) programs. The use of parasitoids remains an inexact science with many questions remaining about species selection and release rates. New attractants are needed for use in traps and attract-and-infect/kill strategies. Screening of new active ingredients for toxicity should continue, including a rigorous assessment of essential oils and other botanicals. Rising global temperatures may affect the balance of the fly with natural enemies. An understanding of the fly microbiome may reveal unknown vulnerabilities, and much remains to be learned about how flies acquire, retain, and transmit human and animal pathogens. System-specific research is also needed to tailor fly IPM programs to individual animal systems, especially in organic and free-range animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The house fly is a ubiquitous pest commonly associated with animal facilities and urban waste. When present in large numbers, house flies can negatively impact humans and animals through nuisance and the transmission of pathogens. Since the development of fly traps and sticky papers to capture flies in the late 1800s, these and other methods have been used as a means to monitor change in house fly density or fly activity over time. Methods include substrate sampling to record density of immature flies, visual observations of adult fly activity, instantaneous counts of landing or resting flies, accumulation of adult flies on/in traps, or accumulation of fly fecal and regurgitation spots deposited by flies onto white cards. These methods do not estimate true house fly density, but rather provide an index of house fly activity that is related to both fly density and the frequency of individual fly behavior (e.g. frequency of flight, landing events) and which is likely more predictive of negative impacts such as nuisance and pathogen transmission. Routine monitoring of house fly activity is a critical component of a house fly management program. Fly activity should be held to a level below a predetermined activity threshold ('action threshold') above which negative impacts are anticipated to occur. This article is a review of methods utilized for monitoring house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of genotype (GTY) and 20-week body weight (PW20) on full-sexual maturity (FSM) productivity and hatching traits were investigated on two parent-stock layers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained on twentytwo batches of BOVAN NERA (BN) and ISA BROWN layers (IB) each, between 2009-2019, from a breeding company in Ibadan. These were grouped based on strain and 20-week body weight. Experimental design was randomized block design (RBD). Data were subjected to general linear model (GLM) factorial and Tukey's HSD, α=0.05, procedures of Statistical Analytical Systems® (SAS, 2002) software. BN had better pullet weight (P<0.05, ds=0.88), while IB possessed higher hen-day egg production, persistency of egg production and pullet day-old chicks hatched (P<0.05, ds=-0.86 to -1.44) at FSM. The 20-week low weight birds required intensive skillful management for compensatory weight-gain to FSM, while egg weight was higher in 20-week high weight class at full maturity (P<0.05, ds=0.06 to -1.19). Genotype by 20-week pullet-weight interaction revealed better genetics of BN genotype on compensatory growth between 20th week and FSM, and on PFM (P<0.05, ds=0.24 to 1.62). The better HDF and P80 (P<0.05, ds= -1.73, -1.61) of medium weight IB genotype signals its genetic ability for higher percent day-old chicks production (P>0.05, ds= -0.72 to -1.11). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is considered the primary insect pest in broiler farms in Brazil. In this study, we characterized the susceptibility of A. diaperinus populations from broiler farms of southern Brazil to cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus were exposed to these technical insecticides diluted in acetone in residual bioassays. A geographic variation in the susceptibility of larvae and adults of A. diaperinus to both insecticides was detected. The larval LC50 for cypermethrin ranged from 0.43 to 7.33 μg a.i./cm2. Two populations from Santa Catarina state presented higher resistance ratios of 13.6- and 17-fold. When adults were exposed to cypermethrin, the LC ranged from 0.46 to 4.93 μg a.i./cm2, with population SC-3 from Santa Catarina having lower susceptibility (resistance ratio of 10.7-fold). When exposed to chlorpyrifos, A. diaperinus larvae present LC values ranging from 0.21 to 4.30 μg a.i./cm2. Larvae from Paraná and Santa Catarina (SC-1 population) presented the highest resistance ratios, ranging from 10- to 20-fold. In adults, the LC of chlorpyrifos ranged from 0.17 to 5.30 μg a.i./cm2, showing a maximum resistance ratio of 31-fold in a population from Paraná state. Based on LC99 values, candidate diagnostic concentrations of 15 and 12 μg a.i./cm2 of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, respectively, were also estimated for the resistance monitoring of A. diaperinus in Brazil. The implications of these results in Insect Resistance Management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation of maize/wheat-based diets on the performance, egg quality, and serum and bone parameters of laying hens. 2. During the 12-week experimental period, a total of 72 laying hens aged 52 weeks were randomly distributed among 6 experimental groups. Each experimental group contained 4 replicates, each with three birds. The experiment was a randomised design consisting of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme (xylanase: 1500.00 U/kg, β-glucanase: 100 000 U/kg, cellulase: 1 000 000 U/kg, α-amylase: 160 000 U/kg) inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 50, or 100% of maize with or without 1.0 g/kg enzyme supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental diets. 3. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and the feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by the wheat-based diet. The eggshell quality parameters decreased with enzyme supplementation to the diet. 4. Wheat-based diets adversely affected calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the tibia, but the addition of the enzymes to the wheat-based diet prevented the negative effects of wheat-based diets on tibia mineralisation in laying hens. The wheat-based diets tended to reduce plasma mineral contents, and the addition of enzymes tended to affect plasma minerals and biomechanical properties of the tibia positively in laying hens. 5. These results indicate that wheat-based diets in aged laying hens adversely affected the mineral metabolism compared with maize-based diets, and the negative effects of wheat on bone mineralisation can be prevented by enzyme supplementation to the diets in laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Poultry Science / Archiv für Geflügelkunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Insecticide resistance in the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), can pose a serious threat to their successful management in broiler chicken farms in Arkansas. Resistance and cross-resistance were determined in lesser mealworm populations collected from two broiler farms in Arkansas, with different insecticide application histories. Farm M was treated with insecticides over the past 10 yr, whereas Farm S had no insecticidal usage history. Concentration--mortality bioassays using selected insecticides were conducted on adults and seventh-instar larval beetles. A probit analysis suggested the M population to be resistant to cyfluthrin and tetrachlorvinphos, while the S population was susceptible to both compounds. The M population showed no crossresistance to imidacloprid, spinosad, or chlorfenapyr. The M and S populations were similar in their susceptibility to imidacloprid, spinosad, and chlorfenapyr. The suitability of imidacloprid and spinosad, and further testing of chlorfenapyr as a potential candidate for lesser mealworm control is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Poultry Science Journal is the property of Egyptian Poultry Science Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)