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202 results on '"P, Vaupel"'

3. The bifiltration of a relation and extended Dowker duality

Author

Vaupel, Melvin and Dunn, Benjamin

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, 18F20, 18B10, 55U10
Abstract

We explain how homotopical information of two composeable relations can be organized in two simplicial categories that augment the relations row and column complexes. We show that both of these categories realize to weakly equivalent spaces, thereby extending Dowker's duality theorem. We also prove a functorial version of this result. Specializing the above construction a bifiltration of Dowker complexes that coherently incorporates the total weights of a relation's row and column complex into one single object is introduced. This construction is motivated by challenges in data analysis that necessitate the simultaneous study of a data matrix rows and columns. To illustrate the applicability of our constructions for solving those challenges we give an appropriate reconstruction result.

Published
2023

5. ICLR 2022 Challenge for Computational Geometry and Topology: Design and Results

Author

Myers, Adele, Utpala, Saiteja, Talbar, Shubham, Sanborn, Sophia, Shewmake, Christian, Donnat, Claire, Mathe, Johan, Lupo, Umberto, Sonthalia, Rishi, Cui, Xinyue, Szwagier, Tom, Pignet, Arthur, Bergsson, Andri, Hauberg, Soren, Nielsen, Dmitriy, Sommer, Stefan, Klindt, David, Hermansen, Erik, Vaupel, Melvin, Dunn, Benjamin, Xiong, Jeffrey, Aharony, Noga, Pe'er, Itsik, Ambellan, Felix, Hanik, Martin, Nava-Yazdani, Esfandiar, von Tycowicz, Christoph, and Miolane, Nina

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Geometry
Abstract

This paper presents the computational challenge on differential geometry and topology that was hosted within the ICLR 2022 workshop ``Geometric and Topological Representation Learning". The competition asked participants to provide implementations of machine learning algorithms on manifolds that would respect the API of the open-source software Geomstats (manifold part) and Scikit-Learn (machine learning part) or PyTorch. The challenge attracted seven teams in its two month duration. This paper describes the design of the challenge and summarizes its main findings.

Published
2022
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7. Reeb complexes and topological persistence

Author

Vaupel, Melvin, Hermansen, Erik, and Trygsland, Paul

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Topology
Abstract

We introduce Reeb complexes in order to capture how generators of homology flow along sections of a real valued continuous function. This intuition suggests a close relation of Reeb complexes to established methods in topological data analysis such as levelset zigzags and persistent homology. We make this relation precise and in particular explain how Reeb complexes and levelset zigzags can be extracted from the first pages of respective spectral sequences with the same termination.

Published
2022

8. Section complexes of simplicial height functions

Author

Vaupel, Melvin, Hermansen, Erik, and Trygsland, Paul

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Topology
Abstract

A theory of sections of simplicial height functions is developed. At the core of this theory lies the section complex, which is assembled from higher section spaces. The latter encode flow lines along the height, as well as their homotopies, in a combinatorial way. The section complex has an associated spectral sequence, which computes the homology of the height functions domain. We extract Reeb complexes from the spectral sequence. These provide a first order approximation of how homology generators flow along height levels. Our theory in particular models topological section spaces of piecewise linear functions in a completely combinatorial way.

Published
2022

9. Optimal operating policies for organic Rankine cycles for waste heat recovery under transient conditions

Author

Vaupel, Yannic, Huster, Wolfgang R., Mhamdi, Adel, and Mitsos, Alexander

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

Waste heat recovery for trucks via organic Rankine cycle is a promising technology to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. As the vehicles are operated in street traffic, the heat source is subject to strong fluctuations. Consequently, such disturbances have to be considered to enable safe and efficient operation. Herein, we find optimal operating policies for several representative scenarios by means of dynamic optimization and discuss the implications on control strategy design. First, we optimize operation of a typical driving cycle with data from a test rig. Results indicate that operating the cycle at minimal superheat is an appropriate operating policy. Second, we consider a scenario where the permissible expander power is temporarily limited, which is realistic in street traffic. In this case, an operating policy with flexible superheat can reduce the losses associated with operation at minimal superheat by up to 53 % in the considered scenario. As the duration of power limitation increases, other constraints might become active which results in part of the exhaust gas being bypassed, hence reduced savings.

Published
2021

11. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Subjects
Animals, Primates, Humans, Life Expectancy, Mortality, Models, Statistical, Age Factors, Aging, Longevity, Female, Male, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, Underpinning research, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

15. The threshold age of Keyfitz' entropy

Author

Aburto, José Manuel, Alvarez, Jesús-Adrián, Villavicencio, Francisco, and Vaupel, James W.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

BACKGROUND Indicators of relative inequality of lifespans are important because they capture the dimensionless shape of aging. They are markers of inequality at the population level and express the uncertainty at the time of death at the individual level. In particular, Keyfitz' entropy $\bar{H}$ represents the elasticity of life expectancy to a change in mortality and it has been used as an indicator of lifespan variation. However, it is unknown how this measure changes over time and whether a threshold age exists, as it does for other lifespan variation indicators. RESULTS The time derivative of $\bar{H}$ can be decomposed into changes in life disparity $e^\dagger$ and life expectancy at birth $e_o$. Likewise, changes over time in $\bar{H}$ are a weighted average of age-specific rates of mortality improvements. These weights reflect the sensitivity of $\bar{H}$ and show how mortality improvements can increase (or decrease) the relative inequality of lifespans. Further, we prove that $\bar{H}$, as well as $e^\dagger$, in the case that mortality is reduced in every age, has a threshold age below which saving lives reduces entropy, whereas improvements above that age increase entropy. CONTRIBUTION We give a formal expression for changes over time of $\bar{H}$ and provide a formal proof of the threshold age that separates reductions and increases in lifespan inequality from age-specific mortality improvements.

Published
2019

16. The human longevity record may hold for decades

Author

Lenart, Adam, Aburto, José Manuel, Stockmarr, Anders, and Vaupel, James W.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Since 1990 Jeanne Louise Calment has held the record for human longevity. She was born on 21 February 1875, became the longest-lived human on 12 May 1990 when she was 115.21 and died on 4 August 1997 at age 122.45 years. In this chapter, we use data available on 25 September 2017 on people who reached age 110, supercentenarians, to address the following questions: 1. How likely is it that a person has reached age 122.45? 2. How unlikely is it that Calment's record has not yet been broken? 3. How soon might it be broken? Assuming a constant annual probability of death of 50% after age 110, we found that the probability that a person who survived to age 110 would have lived to 122.45 by 25 September 2017 is 17.1%. Furthermore, we calculated that there was only a 20.3% chance that Calment's record would have been broken after 1997 but before 2017. Finally, we estimated that there is less than a 50% chance that someone will surpass Calment's lifespan before 2045. Jeanne Louise Calment's record is exceptional but not impossible. It does not provide evidence that her lifespan is an upper limit to human lifespans., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2018

17. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple longevity genes.

Author

Deelen, Joris, Evans, Daniel S, Arking, Dan E, Tesi, Niccolò, Nygaard, Marianne, Liu, Xiaomin, Wojczynski, Mary K, Biggs, Mary L, van der Spek, Ashley, Atzmon, Gil, Ware, Erin B, Sarnowski, Chloé, Smith, Albert V, Seppälä, Ilkka, Cordell, Heather J, Dose, Janina, Amin, Najaf, Arnold, Alice M, Ayers, Kristin L, Barzilai, Nir, Becker, Elizabeth J, Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Christensen, Kaare, Christiansen, Lene, Collerton, Joanna C, Cubaynes, Sarah, Cummings, Steven R, Davies, Karen, Debrabant, Birgit, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duncan, Rachel, Faul, Jessica D, Franceschi, Claudio, Galan, Pilar, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Harris, Tamara B, Huisman, Martijn, Hurme, Mikko A, Jagger, Carol, Jansen, Iris, Jylhä, Marja, Kähönen, Mika, Karasik, David, Kardia, Sharon LR, Kingston, Andrew, Kirkwood, Thomas BL, Launer, Lenore J, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Martin-Ruiz, Carmen, Min, Junxia, Nebel, Almut, Newman, Anne B, Nie, Chao, Nohr, Ellen A, Orwoll, Eric S, Perls, Thomas T, Province, Michael A, Psaty, Bruce M, Raitakari, Olli T, Reinders, Marcel JT, Robine, Jean-Marie, Rotter, Jerome I, Sebastiani, Paola, Smith, Jennifer, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Taylor, Kent D, Uitterlinden, André G, van der Flier, Wiesje, van der Lee, Sven J, van Duijn, Cornelia M, van Heemst, Diana, Vaupel, James W, Weir, David, Ye, Kenny, Zeng, Yi, Zheng, Wanlin, Holstege, Henne, Kiel, Douglas P, Lunetta, Kathryn L, Slagboom, P Eline, and Murabito, Joanne M

Subjects
Humans, Heat-Shock Proteins, Longevity, Apolipoprotein E2, Apolipoprotein E4, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Human longevity is heritable, but genome-wide association (GWA) studies have had limited success. Here, we perform two meta-analyses of GWA studies of a rigorous longevity phenotype definition including 11,262/3484 cases surviving at or beyond the age corresponding to the 90th/99th survival percentile, respectively, and 25,483 controls whose age at death or at last contact was at or below the age corresponding to the 60th survival percentile. Consistent with previous reports, rs429358 (apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4) is associated with lower odds of surviving to the 90th and 99th percentile age, while rs7412 (ApoE ε2) shows the opposite. Moreover, rs7676745, located near GPR78, associates with lower odds of surviving to the 90th percentile age. Gene-level association analysis reveals a role for tissue-specific expression of multiple genes in longevity. Finally, genetic correlation of the longevity GWA results with that of several disease-related phenotypes points to a shared genetic architecture between health and longevity.

Published
2019

19. Quantitative Spatial Profiling of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction and HLA-DR/IDO-1 Predicts Improved Outcomes of Anti-PD-1 Therapies in Metastatic Melanoma.

Author

Johnson, Douglas B, Bordeaux, Jennifer, Kim, Ju Young, Vaupel, Christine, Rimm, David L, Ho, Thai H, Joseph, Richard W, Daud, Adil I, Conry, Robert M, Gaughan, Elizabeth M, Hernandez-Aya, Leonel F, Dimou, Anastasios, Funchain, Pauline, Smithy, James, Witte, John S, McKee, Svetlana B, Ko, Jennifer, Wrangle, John M, Dabbas, Bashar, Tangri, Shabnam, Lameh, Jelveh, Hall, Jeffrey, Markowitz, Joseph, Balko, Justin M, and Dakappagari, Naveen

Subjects
Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Melanoma, Neoplasm Metastasis, HLA-DR Antigens, Biopsy, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Treatment Outcome, Retreatment, Immunohistochemistry, Protein Binding, Models, Biological, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2, 3, -Dioxygenase, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Biomarkers, Tumor, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, B7-H1 Antigen, Cancer, Prevention, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Purpose: PD-1/L1 axis-directed therapies produce clinical responses in a subset of patients; therefore, biomarkers of response are needed. We hypothesized that quantifying key immunosuppression mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment by multiparameter algorithms would identify strong predictors of anti-PD-1 response.Experimental Design: Pretreatment tumor biopsies from 166 patients treated with anti-PD-1 across 10 academic cancer centers were fluorescently stained with multiple markers in discovery (n = 24) and validation (n = 142) cohorts. Biomarker-positive cells and their colocalization were spatially profiled in pathologist-selected tumor regions using novel Automated Quantitative Analysis algorithms. Selected biomarker signatures, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score, and IDO-1/HLA-DR coexpression were evaluated for anti-PD-1 treatment outcomes.Results: In the discovery cohort, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score and/or IDO-1/HLA-DR coexpression was strongly associated with anti-PD-1 response (P = 0.0005). In contrast, individual biomarkers (PD-1, PD-L1, IDO-1, HLA-DR) were not associated with response or survival. This finding was replicated in an independent validation cohort: patients with high PD-1/PD-L1 and/or IDO-1/HLA-DR were more likely to respond (P = 0.0096). These patients also experienced significantly improved progression-free survival (HR = 0.36; P = 0.0004) and overall survival (HR = 0.39; P = 0.0011). In the combined cohort, 80% of patients exhibiting higher levels of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction scores and IDO-1/HLA-DR responded to PD-1 blockers (P = 0.000004). In contrast, PD-L1 expression was not predictive of survival.Conclusions: Quantitative spatial profiling of key tumor-immune suppression pathways by novel digital pathology algorithms could help more reliably select melanoma patients for PD-1 monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5250-60. ©2018 AACR.

Published
2018

20. The plateau of human mortality: Demography of longevity pioneers

Author

Barbi, Elisabetta, Lagona, Francesco, Marsili, Marco, Vaupel, James W, and Wachter, Kenneth W

Subjects
Human Society, Demography, Aging, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Italy, Longevity, Male, Mortality, Proportional Hazards Models, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Theories about biological limits to life span and evolutionary shaping of human longevity depend on facts about mortality at extreme ages, but these facts have remained a matter of debate. Do hazard curves typically level out into high plateaus eventually, as seen in other species, or do exponential increases persist? In this study, we estimated hazard rates from data on all inhabitants of Italy aged 105 and older between 2009 and 2015 (born 1896-1910), a total of 3836 documented cases. We observed level hazard curves, which were essentially constant beyond age 105. Our estimates are free from artifacts of aggregation that limited earlier studies and provide the best evidence to date for the existence of extreme-age mortality plateaus in humans.

Published
2018

25. BRD9 degraders as chemosensitizers in acute leukemia and multiple myeloma

Author

Weisberg, Ellen, Chowdhury, Basudev, Meng, Chengcheng, Case, Abigail E., Ni, Wei, Garg, Swati, Sattler, Martin, Azab, Abdel Kareem, Sun, Jennifer, Muz, Barbara, Sanchez, Dana, Toure, Anthia, Stone, Richard M., Galinsky, Ilene, Winer, Eric, Gleim, Scott, Gkountela, Sofia, Kedves, Alexia, Harrington, Edmund, Abrams, Tinya, Zoller, Thomas, Vaupel, Andrea, Manley, Paul, Faller, Michael, Chung, BoYee, Chen, Xin, Busenhart, Philipp, Stephan, Christine, Calkins, Keith, Bonenfant, Debora, Thoma, Claudio R., Forrester, William, and Griffin, James D.

Published
2022
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26. BET bromodomain inhibitors regulate keratinocyte plasticity

Author

Schutzius, Gabi, Kolter, Christian, Bergling, Sebastian, Tortelli, Federico, Fuchs, Florian, Renner, Steffen, Guagnano, Vito, Cotesta, Simona, Rueeger, Heinrich, Faller, Michael, Bouchez, Laure, Salathe, Adrian, Nigsch, Florian, Richards, Shola M., Louis, Malvina, Gruber, Viktoria, Aebi, Alexandra, Turner, Jonathan, Grandjean, Frederic, Li, Jun, Dimitri, Chris, Thomas, Jason R., Schirle, Markus, Blank, Jutta, Drueckes, Peter, Vaupel, Andrea, Tiedt, Ralph, Manley, Paul W., Klopp, Julia, Hemmig, Rene, Zink, Florence, Leroy, Nelly, Carbone, Walter, Roma, Guglielmo, Keller, Caroline Gubser, Dales, Natalie, Beyerbach, Armin, Zimmerlin, Alfred, Bonenfant, Debora, Terranova, Remi, Berwick, Amy, Sahambi, Sukhdeep, Reynolds, Aimee, Jennings, Lori L., Ruffner, Heinz, Tarsa, Peter, Bouwmeester, Tewis, Driver, Vickie, Frederiksen, Mathias, Lohmann, Felix, and Kirkland, Susan

Published
2021
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27. Diet Shapes Mortality Response to Trauma in Old Tephritid Fruit Flies.

Author

Carey, James R, Liedo, Pablo, Xu, Cong, Wang, Jane-Ling, Müller, Hans-Georg, Su, Yu-Ru, and Vaupel, James W

Subjects
Animals, Tephritidae, Caloric Restriction, Diet, Proportional Hazards Models, Behavior, Animal, Sex Factors, Longevity, Fertility, Algorithms, Female, Male, Stress, Physiological, Behavior, Animal, Stress, Physiological, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Despite the importance of trauma in healthspan and lifespan in humans as well as in non-human species, with one important exception the literature in both gerontology and ecology contains virtually no experimental demographic studies concerned with trauma in any species. We used dietary manipulation [full diet (F) versus sugar-only (S)] to produce four levels of frailty in 55-day old tephritid fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens) that were then subject to the trauma of cage transfer stress (n = 900/sex in each of the 4 treatments). The key results included the following: (1) there is a trauma effect caused by the transfer that depends on previous diet before transfer, new diet after transfer and gender of the fly; (2) males are more vulnerable than females; (3) if initial diet was F, flies are relatively immune against the trauma, and the subsequent diet (F or S) does not matter; (4) however if initial diet was S, then the effect of the trauma depends largely on the diet after the transfer; (5) flies transferred from S to F diets do very well in terms of remaining longevity (i.e. greatest remaining longevity), while flies transferred from S to S diet do poorly (i.e. shortest remaining longevity). We discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of this study and implications of the results.

Published
2016

31. Publisher Correction: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple longevity genes

Author

Deelen, Joris, Evans, Daniel S., Arking, Dan E., Tesi, Niccolò, Nygaard, Marianne, Liu, Xiaomin, Wojczynski, Mary K., Biggs, Mary L., van der Spek, Ashley, Atzmon, Gil, Ware, Erin B., Sarnowski, Chloé, Smith, Albert V., Seppälä, Ilkka, Cordell, Heather J., Dose, Janina, Amin, Najaf, Arnold, Alice M., Ayers, Kristin L., Barzilai, Nir, Becker, Elizabeth J., Beekman, Marian, Blanché, Hélène, Christensen, Kaare, Christiansen, Lene, Collerton, Joanna C., Cubaynes, Sarah, Cummings, Steven R., Davies, Karen, Debrabant, Birgit, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duncan, Rachel, Faul, Jessica D., Franceschi, Claudio, Galan, Pilar, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Harris, Tamara B., Huisman, Martijn, Hurme, Mikko A., Jagger, Carol, Jansen, Iris, Jylhä, Marja, Kähönen, Mika, Karasik, David, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kingston, Andrew, Kirkwood, Thomas B. L., Launer, Lenore J., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Martin-Ruiz, Carmen, Min, Junxia, Nebel, Almut, Newman, Anne B., Nie, Chao, Nohr, Ellen A., Orwoll, Eric S., Perls, Thomas T., Province, Michael A., Psaty, Bruce M., Raitakari, Olli T., Reinders, Marcel J. T., Robine, Jean-Marie, Rotter, Jerome I., Sebastiani, Paola, Smith, Jennifer, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Taylor, Kent D., Uitterlinden, André G., van der Flier, Wiesje, van der Lee, Sven J., van Duijn, Cornelia M., van Heemst, Diana, Vaupel, James W., Weir, David, Ye, Kenny, Zeng, Yi, Zheng, Wanlin, Holstege, Henne, Kiel, Douglas P., Lunetta, Kathryn L., Slagboom, P. Eline, and Murabito, Joanne M.

Published
2021
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33. PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction by automated quantitative immunofluorescent analysis show adverse prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma having T-cell infiltration: a study from the International DLBCL Consortium Program

Author

Li, Ling, Sun, Ruifang, Miao, Yi, Tran, Thai, Adams, Lisa, Roscoe, Nathan, Xu, Bing, Manyam, Ganiraju C., Tan, Xiaohong, Zhang, Hongwei, Xiao, Min, Tzankov, Alexandar, Visco, Carlo, Dybkaer, Karen, Bhagat, Govind, Tam, Wayne, Hsi, Eric D., van Krieken, J. Han, You, Hua, Huh, Jooryung, Ponzoni, Maurilio, Ferreri, Andrés J. M., Møller, Michael B., Piris, Miguel A., Zhang, Mingzhi, Winter, Jane N., Medeiros, L. Jeffrey, Rassidakis, George Z., Vaupel, Christine A., Li, Yong, Dakappagari, Naveen, Xu-Monette, Zijun Y., and Young, Ken H.

Published
2019
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37. Value of Acid-Fast Bacilli and Fungal Cultures in Foot and Ankle Surgery in a US Hospital System.

Author

Dean, Robert S., El-Zein, Zein, Bohr, Margaret, Audet, Megan, Fortin, Paul T., and Vaupel, Zachary M.

Abstract

Background: Acid-fast bacilli(AFB) and fungi are generally slow-growing, difficult to culture, and rarely the cause of infection. The goal of this study was to evaluate the value of routinely obtaining AFB and fungal cultures in foot and ankle surgery at a US hospital. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to determine the number of positive AFB and fungal cultures out of the total number of foot and ankle samples tested. Between 2014 and 2019, patients who underwent surgery for a foot and ankle infection for soft tissue infection, septic arthritis, infectious postoperative complications were identified. Charts were reviewed to identify the results of the microbiological tests performed. To determine the value of running AFB and fungal cultures, the costs of each were provided by the microbiology lab at our institution. Results: Of the 322 patient charts reviewed, there were 434 AFB and 525 fungal cultures performed. None of these cultures were indicated to be positive for AFB (0%), and 22 (4.19%) were positive for fungi. The total labor and material costs were calculated to be $38 767. The AFB cultures cost $23 967, the positive fungal cultures cost $2371, and the negative fungal cultures cost $36 395.36. Conclusion: This 322-case series of surgically managed foot and ankle infections showed 0% and 4.1% positivity rates of AFB and fungal cultures, respectively. Additionally, only 20% of cases with positive cultures were identified as pathologic requiring antifungal treatment. Further analysis is needed to determine best practices for obtaining vs declining to culture for AFB or fungal species, including assessing patient outcomes in the series of culture-positive(fungal-only) cases. Our results suggest that in our clinical setting of a US hospital system, routine fungal and AFB cultures may not be necessary but should be considered for chronic/recalcitrant infections, immunocompromised patients, and those with high surgeon suspicion. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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