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Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain extent, they still have some shortcomings such as poor water solubility, short half-life, local and systemic toxicity. Therefore, how to deliver therapeutic agent so as to realize safe and effective anti-tumor therapy become a problem urgently to be solved in this field. As a medium of information exchange and material transport between cells, exosomes are considered to be a promising drug delivery carrier due to their nano-size, good biocompatibility, natural targeting, and easy modification. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the isolation, identification, drug loading, and modification of exosomes as drug carriers for tumor therapy alongside their application in tumor therapy. Basic knowledge of exosomes, such as their biogenesis, sources, and characterization methods, is also introduced herein. In addition, challenges related to the use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles are discussed, along with future trends. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of exosome delivery systems in oncological therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of placing heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix membrane for laryngeal cavity wound healing after CO2 laser Type-Ⅴa cordectomy for glottic carcinoma. Methods: Thirty-five patients with bilateral vocal cord laryngeal cancer who underwent endoscopic CO2 laser surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2018 to December 2019 were selected and divided into 2 groups, including 18 patients in the study group and 17 patients in the control group. The control group was simply placed silicone tube stent, while in the study group, heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix membrane was coated with silicone tube stent. The postoperative laryngeal wound repair and clinical manifestations were observed and compared between the two groups. Results: Compared postoperative laryngeal wound after 6 months: no patients in the study group had granulation tissue, whereas 4 patients in the control group had granulation tissue; 3 patients in the study group developed moderate to severe tissue adhesion, while 9 patients in the control group; 10 patients in the control group developed 2nd to 4th degree laryngeal obstruction, compared with only 4 patients in the study group. Conclusion: The primary placement of ADM can reduce laryngeal granulation tissue and tissue adhesion after CO2 laser Type-Ⅴa cordectomy for laryngeal cancer, and may reduce the occurrence of postoperative laryngeal obstruction., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

CaCO 3 particles, due to their unique properties such as biodegradation, pH-sensitivity, and porous surface, have been widely used as carrier materials for delivering drugs, genes, vaccines, and other bioactive molecules. In these applications, CaCO 3 particles are often administered intravenously. In this sense, the interaction between CaCO 3 particles and blood components plays a key role in their delivery efficacy and biosafety, though the hemocompatibility of CaCO 3 particles has not been evaluated until now. Deficiency in the biosafety information has delayed the clinical use of CaCO 3 particles in delivery systems. In this work, we investigated the biosafety of CaCO 3 particles, focusing on their in vitro and in vivo effects on key blood components (red blood cells, platelets, etc) and coagulation functions. We found in vitro that high concentrations of CaCO 3 particles can cause the aggregation and hemolysis of red blood cells, with platelet activation and coagulation prolongation. In vivo , we found that intravenously injected CaCO 3 particles at 50 mg kg -1 significantly disturbed the red blood cells, and platelet-related blood routine indexes, but did not induce visible abnormalities in the tissue structures of the key organs. Overall, these effects may be due to the enormous adsorption capability of the porous surface of CaCO 3 particles. 0.1 mg ml -1 of the CaCO 3 particles exhibit excellent compatibility for their practical applications. These results would be expected to greatly promote the in vivo applications and clinical use of CaCO 3 particles in biomedicine., (© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.)