Search

Résumé: Bien que les Palestiniennes vivant en Israël aient récemment vu leur niveau d'études progresser, elles restent moins présentes que les femmes juives sur le marché du travail. Les auteurs s'appuient sur des données de l'enquête sur la population active et de l'enquête sociale couvrant la période 1995‐2016 pour examiner les facteurs susceptibles d'expliquer cet écart – facteurs socio‐économiques et démographiques, religiosité, capital humain, structure familiale et politiques publiques, retraite anticipée. Ils constatent que tous ces facteurs influent sur la probabilité des Palestiniennes de participer au marché du travail, ce qui a des implications pour les politiques du marché du travail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines structured inequalities and authors' positionalities in the academic publishing field. It uses Bourdieu's insights in explaining the reproduction of publishing inequality and mobility through cultural capital and habitus modification. The article elaborates 'positionality' to constitute structure and agency through position and positioning, and situates academics in varying positionalities (insider, outsider, hybrid) in the global publishing field. Focusing on Filipino international migration scholarship, the article examines 392 journal articles from 1989 to 2018, and tracks the first authors' ethnicity, institutional affiliation, and university where they received their PhD. The findings show that authors institutionally affiliated in the Global North (insiders) dominate the field (publication count and citations), while homeland-based Filipino scholars are in the periphery (outsiders). With their insider-leaning hybrid positionality, overseas Filipino scholars in the Global North accrue network-mediated benefits. They have respectable representation in publication count and are the most frequently cited authors. Positionality is examined as cultural capital accumulation and adoption of the dominant habitus that enable academics to shift positionality from outsider to insider and derive benefits in research and publishing. The article contributes to the literature on positionality-based inequalities in knowledge production and a periphery standpoint in the discourse on academic publishing inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of police legitimacy has increasingly occupied the attention of criminologists in the new millennium. Yet the study of police legitimacy is not without some controversies. This article provides a critical examination of some of the key themes emerging from the scientific literature on police legitimacy, specifically confidence in the police and procedural justice. In doing so, it juxtaposes democratic policing theory to the study of police legitimacy. Among other things, it is posited that the issue of race/ethnicity remains understudied in criminological research in both Canada and the United States. This is particularly true with respect to differential treatment within the criminal justice system across race/ethnic groups. One of the hallmarks of democratic policing is its even-handedness and the fairness of law enforcement interventions. The root cause of ethnic–racial animosity must be explained if we want to understand police legitimacy fully in a society that has formally adopted a multicultural identity. It is concluded that police legitimacy should be understood within the tension between the tall order of democratic principles and the reality of social and ethnic–racial stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• La sclérodermie systémique est une pathologie de distribution mondiale mais soumise à l'influence de facteurs géographiques et ethniques encore mal connus. • La comparaison phénotypique révèle que les patients afro-européens atteints de ScS sont plus susceptibles de développer une forme cutanée diffuse de ScS que les patients caucasiens. • Les ulcérations actives et la pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse sont plus courantes chez les patients de race noire. • On retrouve une positivité plus fréquente des anticorps anti-centromère (ACA) chez les patients d'origine caucasienne et des anticorps anti-U1RNP chez les patients noirs. • Les patients noirs atteints de ScS présentent un phénotype plus sévère. La sclérodermie systémique (ScS) est une maladie systémique auto-immune rare. Il s'agit d'une pathologie à distribution mondiale mais sous l'influence de facteurs géographiques et ethniques encore mal connus. Cette étude visait à comparer les caractéristiques démographiques et la fréquence de l'atteinte des organes internes entre des patients de race noire et des sujets caucasiens atteints de ScS en France. Au total, 425 patients sclérodermiques ont été recrutés dans les Services de Médecine Interne et de Rhumatologie de l'Hôpital Cochin. Les données ont été recueillies à la visite initiale et chaque patient noir a été apparié à 2 ou 3 témoins d'origine caucasienne recrutés dans le même service. 105 patients de peau noire et 320 sujets de peau blanche ont été inclus. La comparaison des caractéristiques démographiques a mis en évidence l'âge plus avancé des sujets blancs (48,6 ± 14,8 vs 39,5 ±10,7, p < 0,0001). La comparaison phénotypique a révélé une atteinte cutanée plus sévère chez les patients de race noire : ces derniers étaient plus susceptibles de développer une forme cutanée diffuse de ScS que les sujets caucasiens (69,2 % vs 44,7 %, p < 0,0001) avec un score de Rodnan modifié plus élevé à l'inclusion (15,8 vs 11,3, p < 0,001). Les comparaisons ont également retrouvé une plus grande proportion d'ulcérations digitales actives (46,5 % vs 21,6 %, p < 0,001) et de pneumopathies interstitielles communes (73,7 % vs 43 %, p < 0,0001) dans la population noire de l'étude. La recherche d'auto-anticorps a montré une positivité plus fréquente des anti-centromère (ACA) chez les sujets caucasiens (26,6 % vs 9 %, p < 0,001) et des anti-U1RNP chez les patients noirs (24,6 % vs 6,2 %, p < 0,0001). Dans cette population de patients issus d'un centre de référence des maladies systémiques auto-immunes rares, les manifestations cutanées et pulmonaires étaient de forme plus sévère chez les patients de race noire et s'accompagnaient d'une plus faible prévalence des ACA que chez les sujets caucasiens, ces observations suggérant un phénotype plus sévère. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is impossible to talk about race in international relations (IR) without acknowledging the early and groundbreaking intervention of a couple of special issues, followed by conversation-changing book anthologies. Despite these contributions, mainstream IR continues to marginalize the valuable work of non-white institutions and people, while minimizing the role of race and racism in the discipline. In the wake of a historic racial uprising in the United States (and globally) during the summer of 2020, IR scholars returned to critical discussions of race and racism in the contemporary moment. Although the current conversations on race in IR are crucial for directing the field toward a more generative path, there is still work to be done. Many of the existing formulations of race orient the concept around the somatic. The overreliance on the body as an indication of race can obscure how race as a set of dispossessing structures supported and reproduced through a variety of agents and mechanisms can be discerned through other means. Body-centric conceptualizations of race are also typically divorced from their origins at the root of capitalism, in favor of more US-centric renderings of race as identity. The contributors to this forum think through race as the concomitant othering and rank-ordering of groups that translates into material conditions. We illustrate how race as a material–spatial–temporal relation of power exposes the limits of race as merely phenotype or culture. Through our examination of race in this light, issues of gender effortlessly emerge alongside the study of race. As such, we demonstrate how a re-reading of IR with this formulation of race as its central tenet offers a more generative avenue for explorations of class, gender, security, and power, writ large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the stories of African and African American scholars in predominantly white institutions. It sheds light on the challenges of underrepresentation, sexism, and racial identity in an area of white fragility: academia. The lack of representation among International Studies scholars in the United States and Europe has not only had an impact on academia, but has also put heavy pressure on minority scholars, since they are often asked, by their institutions and students, to advise and mentor students who too often feel out of place or misunderstood by the faculty available to them. Therefore, it is imperative that we embrace minority faculty members, whether they are from the United States, Europe, or the Global South. Using narrative analysis, I examine conversations that I had with thirteen Black women who work at prestigious white universities and ten students who took classes with at least one Black, female professor. Although our field has expanded and accepted new members, many minority scholars still see it as a very selective, almost all Western, boys' club. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'adaptation biophysique chez les personnes en situation de diabète semble dépendre du biotype et de l'héritabilité écobiologique dont ils bénéficient. La contribution de chacune de ces identités biosingulières dans le réajustement biophysique de ces derniers ne semble pas être suffisamment explorée. Le présent travail se propose d'examiner la part du sexe et celle de l'origine ethnique du diabétique dans la résilience biophysique de celui-ci. Elle porte sur 255 participants adultes ayant un âge compris entre 40 et 59 ans dont 140 akans (77 hommes et 63 femmes) et 115 mandés (61 hommes et 54 femmes). La mesure du profil physique des sujets (akan et mandé) s'est faite en considérant le poids, la taille, l'Indice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), les tours de taille et de hanche. Ceux-ci ont été obtenus par l'utilisation d'une balance électronique (le poids), d'une toise staturale (la stature) et d'un ruban mètre pour les autres paramètres physiques et comparés entre eux. Les données relatives à l'origine ethnique et le sexe ont été collectées à travers un questionnaire de 20 items en face à face. Le test anova multivarié pour la comparaison multiple, le test t de student pour la comparaison deux à deux des paramètres physiques ont été utilisés pour l'évaluation de l'influence simultané ou des proportions d'influence du sexe et de l'origine ethnique dans leur interaction avec la résilience biophysique du diabétique. Les résultats montrent que les femmes akanes ou mandées diabétiques présentent un poids, des tours de taille et de hanche qui ne diffèrent pas de ceux de leurs homologues hommes. Ils se répètent lorsque l'on compare les femmes et les hommes akans diabétiques à leurs homologues mandés. Le sexe et l'origine ethnique du diabétique sont loin d'influer simultanément sur sa résilience biophysique. Ils exerceraient, néanmoins, respectivement, un effet de taille (0,14***) et de (0,06**) sur la résilience biophysique des personnes adultes en situation de diabète. L'effet du sexe sur la résilience biophysique serait plus élevé que celui de l'origine ethnique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of major burns in toddlers is a serious challenge, even for the best physicians. Children's delicate organism decompensates fast and even a small delay or slight mistake in therapy can lead to fatal consequences. The aim of this study is to create a profile for children at risk through a retrospective analysis of ethnic origin, citizenship, lone parent families and age of parent. Demographics, profile of the parent raising the child, burn size, and location of the incident were also recorded. A total of 100 children of both genders, no older than 36 months and treated in the clinic between 2012 and 2019 were included in the analysis. All had burns above 10% and were treated in the intensive care unit: 43% of the children were raised by single mothers, 57% by both parents; 27% of the mothers were minors; 58% were from distant non-urbanised regions; 39% were Bulgarian, 9% Bulgarian-Muslim and 50% gypsies. For 57% of the cases, burn had happened in the kitchen, for 26% in the bathroom and for 17% in other parts of the home. Children at risk come from poor and distant regions, and the suburbs of urban areas. They mostly have lone parents with bad social status and low educational level. That is why lowering the level of household burns is a very hard task. A well-structured national program to educate young parents and parents raising toddlers, and control household conditions is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores street-level discretion of Australian welfare workers when working with clients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. The research is situated within the context of New Public Management (NPM) and neoliberalism in the welfare sector. Findings suggest that workers' discretion oscillates between extra support for clients, or further scrutiny and sanction. Such contradictory patterns of discretion highlight workers' capacity to resist neoliberalism while concurrently upholding it. The article argues that cultural understanding, recognition of the limitations in welfare-to-work policies and neoliberalism, and how those factors, together with ethnicity, may influence street-level discretion are necessary for welfare workers to support CALD clients effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the completion of the first human genome sequencing project in 2003, the potential for incorporating genomics into clinical practice in the pursuit of precision medicine has garnered a great amount of attention and interest. Existing literature presents a dichotomous view of the future of medicine: either precision medicine will replace race-based medicine or race-based medicine will persist despite developments in genetic research and genomic medicine. Drawing on interview data with 46 physicians and scientists in the USA, Canada, and Singapore who are conducting research or practicing precision medicine in the context of cancer treatment and prevention, this article attempts to contribute to the existing debate by proposing a 'relative resources' perspective to explain which approach will dominate in a particular healthcare setting. The author elaborates on the 'heterogeneity of resources' and suggests that the extent to which precision medicine will be personalized or racialized/ethnicized in the clinic will most likely be a function of the relative availability of resources – including but not limited to financial, human and computer informatics, and legal and infrastructural resources – at individual and collective levels in healthcare contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, although throughout Europe the Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim and Protestant denominational identities remain among Roma, the conversion rate would suggest the number of Roma Pentecostal will have numerically overtaken all the others in just a few years' time. The uniqueness of Spanish Gypsy Pentecostalism contradicts some of the stereotypes of global Pentecostalism and resides in its organisational complexity and hierarchical structure, its rapid institutionalisation as a sole church, the thorough theological training of its leaders, and its autonomy both from the State and from the European and Latin American Pentecostal Roma Movement. This article is structured around a life history and two concerns: (a) the role of the constant circulation of the gypsy evangelical ministers as regards charisma and leadership; (b) the growing transfer of prestige from the respected gypsy elders to the young evangelical pastors and their role in wide pacification processes involving ethnic cohesion and kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Le but de notre étude était de déterminer une éventuelle corrélation entre les taux de vitamine D plasmatiques et le taux de grossesses obtenues en fécondation in vitro (FIV). Patientes et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude prospective incluant 198 patientes suivies en FIV entre janvier et mai 2012. Lors de la phase de blocage folliculaire, les patientes bénéficiaient d’un dosage de vitamine D, de calcémie, de FSH, de l’œstradiolémie. Le dosage de l’hCG était effectué 16 jours après la ponction ovocytaire. Une échographie pelvienne était réalisée à 7 semaines d’aménorrhée afin de vérifier l’évolutivité de la grossesse. Résultats Le taux moyen de vitamine D était de 31,7 nmol/L. Au total, 169 patientes présentaient une insuffisance en vitamine D (vitamine D < 50 nmol/L), soit 85,3 % de la population étudiée. Seules 29 patientes, soit 14,7 %, étaient normodosées (vitamine D ≥ 50 nmol/L). Dans l’ensemble de la population le taux de grossesse était de 29,8 % (59/198). Il n’existait pas de différence significative entre le taux de vitamine D moyen et l’âge ( p = 0,92), le taux de vitamine D et l’IMC ( p = 0,16), ni selon l’étiologie de l’infertilité ( p = 0,78). En revanche, le taux de vitamine D moyen était significativement plus faible chez les patientes originaires d’Afrique du Nord ( p < 0,0001) et d’Afrique noire ( p = 0,0003) par rapport aux patientes caucasiennes. Discussion et conclusion Aucun lien de corrélation n’a été établi entre le taux de vitamine D et le taux de grossesse. Objective To determine a possible correlation between plasma levels of vitamin D and pregnancy rates obtained by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Patients and methods One hundred and ninety-eight womens participated in an IVF cycle from January to May 2012 in a prospective study. During the follicular phase locking, serum fluid was collected for vitamin D, calcium, FSH and estradiol analysis. The serum βhCG was checked 16 days after oocyte collect. Clinical pregnancy was confirmed by transvaginal sonography with at least one gestational sac in the uterine cavity. Results The mean levels of vitamin D was 31.7 nmol/L. A total of 169 patients (85.3%) had a vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L). Only 29 patients (14.7%) had a sufficient vitamin D status (vitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L). Pregnancy rate was 29.8% (59/198). There was no significant correlation between the levels of vitamin D and mean age ( P = 0.92), BMI ( P = 0.16) and etiology of infertility ( P = 0.78). In contrast, the levels of vitamin D mean were significantly lower in patients from North Africa ( P < 0.0001) and Black African ( P = 0.0003) compared to Caucasian patients. Discussion and conclusion No correlation was found between serum vitamin D level and the pregnancy rate in IVF cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]