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Infection Control activity works in tandem with all healthcare disciplines to provide quality patient care through education and practical application of the principles of microbiology, epidemiology, and infection prevention and control.Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a practical, evidence-based approach that prevents patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infection as a result of antimicrobial resistance. No one should catch an infection while receiving health care, yet, these infections can spread through outbreaks and many regular care practices, affecting hundreds of millions of people across the world every year. Infection prevention and control is one of the first topics introduced in nursing programs, yet its main tenets are often lost or forgotten. Objectives:The main objective of these guidelines is to prevent the health care workers and the environment from the transmission of infections. The specific objectives of these guidelines are to provide directions and information in relation to facilities, equipment, and procedures necessary to implement standard and additional (transmission-based) precautions for control of infections Cleaning, disinfecting and reprocessing of reusable equipment, Waste management, Protection of health care workers from transmissible infections, Prevention of HAI in patients, Infection control practices in special situations. &nbsp

Among children, Acute Upper Respiratory Infections constitutes a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 4 million of the 15 million child deaths in the world, annually. Globally, 30-60% of paediatric outpatient attendance and 20-30% of hospital admissions are due to Acute upper respiratory tract infections. Mothers are the main caregivers for their children, so their behaviours may be used as a disease prevention technique. The aim of the study is to identify the parent’s knowledge and practice of upper respiratory tract infection of children with under five age groups. Pre experimental design was used and 104 parents were selected by using of purposive sampling technique. The knowledge and practice were assessed by using structured interview schedule and checklist. The results of the study shows that in knowledge the total mean score for pre-test was 2.33±0.886, whereas in post-test it was 8.89±0.81 with the mean difference of 6.56. It shows that parents had excellent knowledge on Upper respiratory tract infections after implementation of educational programme, it shows that teaching was more effective. The overall mean score for practice on Upper respiratory tract infections shows that, in pre-test the mean score was 6.85±1.413, whereas in post-test it was 20.49±1.115, with the mean difference of 13.64. It predicts that parents were improved their practice after implementation of education programme on Upper respiratory tract infections preventive measures. The calculated ‘t’ value for awareness and practice scores were 7.24 & 2.914 at 0.05 level respectively. Hence it shows that significant improvement of parents knowledge and practice of Upper respiratory tract infections after implementation of educational programme. Infection prevention is critical in children under the age of five, as is thorough handwashing while caring for children who have respiratory infections. The researchers proposed that special instructional and educational programs for mothers be conducted to inform them about the preventive measures that should be taken to avoid upper respiratory tract disease.

Stigma against mental disability within the medical field continues to impose significant barriers on physicians and trainees. Here, we examine several implications of this stigma and propose steps toward greater inclusion of persons with mental disabilities in the physician workforce.

Physician, Heal Thy Double Stigma Throughout the medical school admissions process, training, and licensure activities, students and physicians with histories of mental illness face structural barr...

The demand for transplantable kidneys continues to outstrip supply, and the risk of donor-derived infection limits utilization. The effect of donor or recipient HBV status, defined by surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, on long-term survival outcomes of kidney transplant (KT) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) data from 2000 to 2019. We identified three cohorts based on donor (D) or recipient (R) HBsAg status: D-R-, D-R+, and D+R-. Pairwise comparisons of patient survival (PS) and all-cause graft survival (GS) after propensity score matching were performed to assess the effect of HBV infection in KT recipients. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in PS and GS among D-R-, D-R+, and D+R- groups, nor was the patient or graft survival different between donor and recipient HBsAg+ status. Finally, in 2019 kidney discard rates were 15% higher for HBsAg+ deceased donors compared to HBsAg- donors. HBsAg+ status was not associated with worse PS or GS after KT. Prior to broadly advocating utilization of HbsAg+ kidneys, further studies assessing KT recipient morbidity and safety are necessary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background Intimal sarcoma is an exceedingly rare type of primary cardiac tumour. It is characterized by poorly differentiated spindle-shaped cells that can mimic smooth muscle and is strongly associated with MDM2 genetic amplification. Owing to its rarity and non-distinctive histological features, diagnosis remains a significant challenge. Case summary In this case report, we describe a case of primary cardiac intimal sarcoma in a 37-year-old woman who presented with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a left atrial mass. Despite having a histological sample from an excised left atrial mass, the diagnosis was not made until she presented with back pain secondary to metastatic disease to the spine. Discussion Primary cardiac intimal sarcoma is an extremely rare diagnosis. The mainstay management of intimal cardiac sarcoma is aggressive surgical resection. Unfortunately, the prognosis of cardiac sarcomas remains very poor, with a mean survival between 3 months and 1 year. This case of cardiac intimal sarcoma highlights the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis, particularly given the unusual presentation of AF.

Lipomas of the uterus and of the urinary bladder are rare. Their coexistence is even rarer Ultrasound can play a key role in their diagnosis. We report a case of coexisting of the uterus and the urinary bladder in a 61-year-old woman.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the nature of quinidine use and accessibility in a national network of inherited arrhythmia clinics.Background: Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic med...

In this study, the authors tested whether a strategy of empiric permanent pacing reduces major composite events more effectively than acting on the results of an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM).Syncope may be caused by intermittent complete heart block in patients with bifascicular heart block, but competing diagnoses coexist. Whether empiric permanent pacing or acting on investigative results provides best care is unknown.This was a multinational, randomized, pragmatic clinical trial of patients ≥50 years of age with bifascicular block, preserved left ventricular function, and ≥1 syncope in the preceding year. The primary composite outcome measure comprised cardiovascular death, syncope, bradycardia resulting in pacemaker insertion, and device complications.There were 57 and 58 subjects randomized to receive a pacemaker or ICM. A total of 41 patients had left bundle branch block and 74 had right bundle branch block and a left fascicular block. Patients were followed for a median 33 months. There were fewer composite primary outcomes in patients randomized to pacemaker compared with ICM, respectively (20 [35%] vs 44 [76%]; chi square P 0.0001), with lower actuarial probabilities of a primary outcome (0.45 and 1.00; P 0.001). Syncope was as likely in the groups randomized to receive a pacemaker or ICM (29% vs 26%, chi-square P = 0.95).Empiric permanent pacing compared with ICM reduced major adverse events but not syncope in older patients with bifascicular block and recent syncope. There remains a substantial likelihood of syncope recurrence in patients who receive a permanent pacemaker likely caused by vasodepressor syncope. (Syncope: Pacing or Recording in the Later Years [SPRITELY]; NCT01423994).

Background This study aimed to investigate the differences in plantar pressure during various athletic activities on natural grass and artificial turf. Methods Twenty-one athletes were fitted with properly sized soccer shoes and corresponding F-Scan system insoles and performed walking, running, vertical jumping and cutting activities to the right and left sides on both natural and artificial turf. Results There were no statistically significant differences between natural grass and artificial turf in peak pressure, maximum force and force-time integral during all the athletic activities (p˃0.05). On both turfs, the highest peak pressure and maximum force values occurred during running and cutting to the right, and the highest force-time integral value occurred during cutting to the right. There were no statistically significant differences between the two turfs in peak pressure in the various anatomical regions during any of the athletic activities (p˃0.05). The peak pressure was the highest on the first metatarsal and the hallux during all five activities. A clinically meaningful difference between the surfaces in peak pressure on the second to fifth metatarsals was found during walking, indicating more loading on artificial turf than on natural grass. There was more loading on artificial turf than on natural grass during cutting left and at hallux and third toe on natural grass during cutting right. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p˃0.05). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that it is important to limit or prevent athletes from undertaking certain activities that increase the risk of re-injury during rehabilitation.