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Context: Existing researches confirmed that β amyloid (Aβ) has a high affinity for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), associating closely to Alzheimer's disease. The majority of related studies focused on the experimental reports on the neuroprotective role of Aβ fragment (Aβx), however, with a lack of investigation into the most suitable binding region and mechanism of action between Aβ fragment and α7nAChR. In the study, we employed four Aβ1–42 fragments Aβx, Aβ1–16, Aβ10–16, Aβ12–28, and Aβ30–42, of which the first three were confirmed to play neuroprotective roles upon directly binding, to interact with α7nAChR. Methods: The protein–ligand docking server of CABS-DOCK was employed to obtain the α7nAChR-Aβx complexes. Only the top α7nAChR-Aβx complexes were used to perform all-atom GROMACS dynamics simulation in combination with Charmm36 force field, by which α7nAChR-Aβx interactions' dynamic behavior and specific locations of these different Aβx fragments were identified. MM-PBSA calculations were also done to estimate the binding free energies and the different contributions from the residues in the Aβx. Two distinct results for the first three and fourth Aβx fragments in binding site, strength, key residue, and orientation, account for why the fourth fails to play a neuroprotective role at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural finance plays a pivotal role in facilitating the modernization and commercialization of farming practices and bolstering global food security. However, the provision of sustainable financial services in remote regions poses a significant challenge within the developing and underdeveloped countries. Consequently, farmers often grapple with inadequate access to formal credit sources and essential productive assets due to diverse constraints. Although, several studies have investigated constraints to agriculture finance; the literature is divergent and a holistic framework of constraints to agriculture finance is missing. Therefore, this research explores the constraints to agriculture finance in 31 developing and underdeveloped countries using systematic review approach, and synthesizes a holistic framework of the constraints using Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) method that can be used as dependable framework for conceptualization and policy formation. Moreover, it describes the interplay and mutual reinforcement between the challenges faced by different stakeholders to elaborate how they influence each other in complex ways. Additionally, this study suggests a collective and multi-faceted approach for overcoming barriers to agricultural financing, and highlights the limitations and unintended consequences of agricultural credit and its implications for agricultural sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is defined by Body Mass Index (BMI). The prevalence of obesity is rising globally. Its prevalence is more than 30% in the people of well-developed countries such as the United States. Cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, chronic respiratory illnesses, diabetes and obesity are non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Its prevalence is increasing in Pakistan Objective: To determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese adult people of Pakistan. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted in Shifa International Hospital Islamabad Pakistan from March 2022 to March 2023 Methodology: This research contains a total of 150 people who were having a body mass index of more than 25 kg/m2All of the patients were between 18 years and 60 years. The past medical and drug history and clinical examination e.g vitals monitoring, BMI calculation, thyroid examination was performed on predesign questionnaire. Those participants who had CLD, CKD, or those who took statins or other lipid lowering drugs were excluded from study. Blood samples were taken from every participant for measurement of TSH, FT4, FT3 Results: Out of a total of 150 people,67 males and 83 were females. The mean age was 35 years.We noticed subclinical hypothyroidism in 15% of the study population Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in the obese population, especially in those with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 29 kg/m2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]