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27 results on '"Norwegian Institute of Marine Research"'

1. Effect of organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock on the oxidative status in progeny

Author

Wischhusen, Pauline, Parailloux, Maroussia, Briens, Mickael, Geraert, Pierre-André, Antony Jesu Prabhu, Philip, Kaushik, Sadasivam J., Fauconneau, Benoit, Fontagne-Dicharry, Stephanie, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Adisseo France SAS, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, and European Aquaculture Society (EAS).

Subjects
Animal biology, antioxydation, endocrine system, oncorhynchus mykiss, animal structures, urogenital system, alimentation animale, animal diseases, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, supplémentation alimentaire, digestive system, rainbow trout, Biologie animale, animal feeding, selenium
Abstract

Résumé; Effect of organic and inorganic dietary selenium supplementation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock on the oxidative status in progeny. World Aquaculture 2018

Published
2018

2. Effect of dietary inorganic and organic selenium supplementation on reproduction and egg quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author

Wischhusen, Pauline, Briens, Mickael, Geraert, Pierre-André, Parailloux, Maroussia, Bouyssière, Brice, Bueno, Maïté, Mounicou, Sandra, Antony Jesu Prabhu, Philip, Skjaerven, Kaja, Fauconneau, Benoit, Fontagne-Dicharry, Stephanie, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Adisseo France SAS, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
endocrine system, oncorhynchus mykiss, animal structures, urogenital system, qualité des oeufs, alimentation animale, animal diseases, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, education, supplémentation alimentaire, rainbow trout, reproduction, animal feeding, selenium, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Effect of dietary inorganic and organic selenium supplementation on reproduction and egg quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 18. ISFNF International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding "40 years of research in fish nutrition"

Published
2018

3. Impact of dietary carbohydrate/protein ratio on hepatic metabolism in land-locked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Author

Angelico Madaro, Rolf Erik Olsen, Lucie Marandel, Mónica B. Betancor, Ole Fredrik Skulstad, Douglas R. Tocher, Stéphane Panserat, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University [Bratislava], Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, and Comenius University in Bratislava

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, salmon population, dietary carbohydrate, transcriptomics, glucose metabolism, land-locked, Physiology, Starch, animal diseases, Population, Biology, Carbohydrate metabolism, lcsh:Physiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Physiology (medical), Biologie animale, dietary carbohydrates, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Salmo, métabolisme du glucose, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, métabolisme hépatique, glucide alimentaire, salmon populations, Animal biology, education.field_of_study, lcsh:QP1-981, transcriptomique, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, food and beverages, salmon, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Carbohydrate, biology.organism_classification, salmo salar, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, atlantic, Drug metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates
Abstract

A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate. © 2018 Betancor, Olsen, Marandel, Skulstad, Madaro, Tocher and Panserat. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Published
2018
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4. Genome editing reveals reproductive and developmental dependencies on specific types of 2 vitellogenin in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author

Yilmaz, Ozlem, Patinote, Amélie, Nguyen, Thuy Thao Vi, Com, Emmanuelle, Pineau, Charles, Bobe, Julien, ProdInra, Migration, Proteomic Profiling and Knock-out Analysis of Key Components of the Zebrafish Egg: Discovering Vitellogenin Contributions to Fish Egg Quality - FISHEGG - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2015-03-01 - 2017-02-28 - 626272 - VALID, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was supported by the Region Bretagne in France (SAD-2013)-FishEgg (8210), Project #13009218), and Maternal Legacy (ANR-13-BSV7-0015)., European Project: 626272,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF,FISHEGG(2015), and Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
vitellogenine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], édition de gènes, CRISPR/Cas9, knock out, vitellogenins, zebrafish, poisson zèbre, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], reproduction, fertilité, poisson, danio rerio, cyprinidae, fécondite, [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract

Oviparous vertebrates produce multiple forms of vitellogenin (Vtg), the major source of yolk nutrients, but little is known about their individual contributions to reproduction and development. This study employed a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to assess essentiality and functionality of zebrafish (Danio rerio) type-I and -III Vtgs. The multiple CRISPR approach employed to knock out (KO) all genes encoding type-I vtgs (vtg1, 4, 5, 6, and 7) simultaneously (vtg1-KO), and the type-III vtg (vtg3) individually (vtg3-KO). Results of PCR genotyping and sequencing, qPCR, LC-MS/MS and Western blotting showed that only vtg6 and vtg7 escaped Cas9 editing. In fish whose remaining type-I vtgs were incapacitated (vtg1-KO), and in vtg3-KO fish, significant increases in Vtg7 transcript and protein levels occurred in liver and eggs, a heretofore-unknown mechanism of genetic compensation to regulate Vtg homeostasis. Fecundity was more than doubled in vtg1-KO females, and fertility was ~halved in vtg3-KO females. Substantial mortality was evident in vtg3-KO eggs/embryos after only 8 h of incubation and in vtg1-KO embryos after 5 d. Hatching rate and timing were markedly impaired in vtg mutant embryos and pericardial and yolk sac/abdominal edema and spinal lordosis were evident in the larvae, with feeding and motor activities also being absent in vtg1-KO larvae. By late larval stages, vtg mutations were either completely lethal (vtg1-KO) or nearly so (vtg3-KO). These novel findings offer the first experimental evidence that different types of vertebrate Vtg are essential and have disparate requisite functions at different times during both reproduction and development.

Published
2018

5. Microbiology and immunology of fish larvae

Author

Vadstein, Olav, Bergh, Oivind, Gatesoupe, Francois, Galindo-Villegas, Jorge, Mulero, Victoriano, Picchietti, Simona, Scapigliati, Giuseppe, Makridis, Pavlos, Olsen, Yngvar, Dierckens, Kristof, Defoirdt, Tom, Boon, Nico, De Schryver, Peter, Bossier, Peter, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Immunology Amsterdam, Department of Science for Innovative Biology, Agroindustry and Forestry, Tuscia University, Institute of Aquaculture, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, University of Gent, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Luis Conceicao, Amos Tandler, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NUMEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), This work was supported in part by the cost action FAO801 LARVANET: Critical success factors for fish larval production in European Aquaculture: a multidisciplinary network, and by the European FP7 project ‘Promicrobe – Microbes as positive actors for more sustainable aquaculture’ (Project Reference: 227197), and by Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO) project ‘Probiont induced functional responses in aquatic organisms’., ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Immunology Amsterdam, and Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
microorganism, animal structures, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, host-microbe interaction, genetic structures, microbial ecology, poisson, microbiote, piscidin, parasitic diseases, immunologie, microbiologie, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, fish, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, quorum sensing, larve, microbe, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, aquaculture, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, mast cell, human activities
Abstract

International audience; For most marine aquaculture species, one of the main bottlenecks is the stable production of high quality juveniles. The high and unpredictable mortality in the first weeks after hatching of marine fish larvae remains a challenging problem that needs to be solved. The severity of the problem differs between species, but cannot be considered adequately solved for any species. Both scientific evidence and experience in hatcheries for a variety of fish, shrimp and shellfish species are accumulating as support for the hypothesis that detrimental fish–microbe interactions are the cause of these problems. Host–microbe interactions in reared fish are still poorly understood, except for a few pathogens, and empirical data of the quality required to test this hypothesis, are lacking. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of the microbial environment of fish larvae, including methodological aspects to characterize the microbial community (both using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods). Further, the current knowledge of the immunology of fish larvae is reviewed, including recent advances in the understanding of toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, mast cells and piscidins, and the ontogeny of the adaptive immune system. Finally, we provide an overview of the state of the art with respect to steering of microbial communities associated with fish larvae – both steering of community composition and of its activity (e.g. by quorum sensing interference)

Published
2018
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6. Intercellular transfer of transferrin receptor by a contact‐, Rab8‐dependent mechanism involving tunneling nanotubes

Author

Hans-Hermann Gerdes, Heidi Espedal, Erlend Hodneland, Anne Burtey, Kai Ove Skaftnesmo, Ivan Rios Mondragon, Rolf Bjerkvig, Marek Wagner, Tanja Kögel, Julia Schoelermann, Anna Golebiewska, Simone P. Niclou, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Bergen (UiB), Université d'Oslo, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), LNNO, CRP-Santé Luxembourg, CRP-Santé Luxembourg-CRP-Santé Luxembourg, and KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Mice, SCID, Biochemistry, Green fluorescent protein, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Mice, Inbred NOD, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, Neoplasm Proteins, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Protein Transport, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Heterografts, Biotechnology, Stromal cell, Endosome, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Transferrin receptor, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Live cell imaging, Receptors, Transferrin, Genetics, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Tumor microenvironment, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Fibroblasts, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, Cancer cell, Stromal Cells, mCherry, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Neoplasm Transplantation, HeLa Cells, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Intercellular communication between cancer cells, especially between cancer and stromal cells, plays an important role in disease progression. We examined the intercellular transfer of organelles and proteins in vitro and in vivo and the role of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in this process. TNTs are membrane bridges that facilitate intercellular transfer of organelles of unclear origin. Using 3-dimensional quantitative and qualitative confocal microscopy, we showed that TNTs contain green fluorescent protein (GFP)-early endosome antigen (EEA) 1, GFP Rab5, GFP Rab11, GFP Rab8, transferrin (Tf), and Tf receptor (Tf-R) fused to mCherry (Tf-RmCherry). Tf-RmCherry was transferred between cancer cells by a contact-dependent but secretion-independent mechanism. Live cell imaging showed TNT formation preceding the transfer of Tf-RmCherry and involving the function of the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab8, which colocalized with Tf-RmCherry in the TNTs and was cotransferred to acceptor cells. Tf-RmCherry was transferred from cancer cells to fibroblasts, a noteworthy finding that suggests that this process occurs between tumor and stromal cells in vivo. We strengthened this hypothesis in a xenograft model of breast cancer using enhanced (e)GFP-expressing mice. Tf-RmCherry transferred from tumor to stromal cells and this process correlated with an increased opposite transfer of eGFP from stromal to tumor cells, together pointing toward complex intercellular communication at the tumor site.

Published
2015
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7. Effects of ambient oxygen and size-selective mortality on growth and maturation in guppies

Author

Jeppe Kolding, Geetha Jeyakanth, Beatriz Diaz Pauli, Mikko Heino, Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Oslo (UiO), Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (IEES Paris), Sorbonne Universités (COMUE), International Union for Conservation of Nature, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Research Council of Norway [214189/F20], Bergen Research Foundation, University of Bergen fund, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Pauli, Beatriz Diaz

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, life history, Physiology, Poecilia reticulata, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fishing, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, fishing selection, water management, Marine ecosystem, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, hypoxia, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Global warming, Hypoxia (environmental), Eutrophication, biology.organism_classification, Poecilia, Research Article
Abstract

Human activities, e.g. nutrient enrichment (resulting in low oxygen) and selective fishing (i.e. higher mortality of large fish), affect growth and maturation (key characteristics determining fish life history). We investigated combined effects of oxygen and size-dependent mortality on growth and maturation to provide informed management decisions for these events., Growth, onset of maturity and investment in reproduction are key traits for understanding variation in life-history strategies. Many environmental factors affect variation in these traits, but for fish, hypoxia and size-dependent mortality have become increasingly important because of human activities, such as increased nutrient enrichment (eutrophication), climate warming and selective fishing. Here, we study experimentally the effect of oxygen availability on maturation and growth in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from two different selected lines, one subjected to positive and the other negative size-dependent fishing. This is the first study to assess the effects of both reduced ambient oxygen and size-dependent mortality in fish. We show that reduced ambient oxygen led to stunting, early maturation and high reproductive investment. Likewise, lineages that had been exposed to high mortality of larger-sized individuals displayed earlier maturation at smaller size, greater investment in reproduction and faster growth. These life-history changes were particularly evident for males. The widely reported trends towards earlier maturation in wild fish populations are often interpreted as resulting from size-selective fishing. Our results highlight that reduced ambient oxygen, which has received little experimental investigation to date, can lead to similar phenotypic changes. Thus, changes in ambient oxygen levels can be a confounding factor that occurs in parallel with fishing, complicating the causal interpretation of changes in life-history traits. We believe that better disentangling of the effects of these two extrinsic factors, which increasingly affect many freshwater and marine ecosystems, is important for making more informed management decisions.

Published
2017
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8. bmp15l,figla,smc1bl, andlarp6lare preferentially expressed in germ cells in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Author

Kleppe, Lene, Edvardsen, Rolf B., Furmanek, Tomasz, Andersson, Eva, Juanchich, Amélie, Wargelius, Anna, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017
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9. Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture

Author

James W. Kijas, William S. Davidson, Steinar Bergseth, Patricia Iturra, Jon Olav Vik, Rachael J. Ritchie, Louis Bernatchez, Yniv Palti, Anna Wargelius, José M. Yáñez, Ross D. Houston, Craig R. Primmer, Matthew L. Rise, Kerry A. Naish, Alejandro Maass, Kristinn Olafsson, Tom Goldammer, Alfredo Tello, Patricia M. Schulte, Philip McGinnity, Martin Montecino, Sigbjørn Lien, Barbara F. Nowak, Krista M. Nichols, Ben F. Koop, Caird E. Rexroad, Yann Guiguen, Samuel A.M. Martin, Cristian Gallardo-Escárate, Stig W. Omholt, Graham Plastow, Simen Rød Sandve, Rodrigo Vidal, Daniel J. Macqueen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), The Research Council of Norway, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Human Genetics Program ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, CSIRO, Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Center for Mathematical Modelling - Centro de Modelamiento Matematico [Santiago] (CMM), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Genome Regulation, FONDAP 15090007, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington [Seattle], Conservation Biology Division [Seattle], Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Office of National Programs, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Genome British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), INTESAL de SalmonChile, Instituto Tecnológico del Salmón S.A., Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics, and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, University of Santiago, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Aquainnovo, Supported by the International Cooperation to Sequence the Atlantic Salmon Genome (ICSASG), funded by: The Research Council of Norway (RCN), The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF), Genome British Columbia (GBC, Canada), The Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO) and the Innova Chile Committee (InnovaChile). FAASG has also received support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) (ref: BB/P02582X/1). Initial FAASG pilot studies (currently in process) are being funded by the ICSASG and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), through NIFA National Research Support Project 8., University of Tasmania (UTAS), Université Laval, Universidad de Concepción, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Chile [Santiago]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matis Ltd, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, University of Chile [Santiago], and Supported by the International Cooperation to Sequence the Atlantic Salmon Genome (ICSASG), funded by: The Research Council of Norway (RCN), The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF), Genome British Columbia (GBC, Canada)), The Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO) and the Innova Chile Committee (InnovaChile). FAASG has also received support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) (ref: BB/P02582X/1). Initial FAASG pilot studies (currently in process) are being funded by the ICSASG and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), through NIFA National Research Support Project 8.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biologie comparative, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Resistance, génomique fonctionnelle, Aquaculture, 01 natural sciences, Genome, genomic selection, Whole genome duplication, poisson, salmonids, Applied research, évolution génomique des poissons, duplication des génomes, Phylogeny, Genetics, DNA methylation, Populations, Functional annotation, Genomics, Salar, ChIP-seq, phénotype, Rainbow trout, Molecular Sequence Annotation, séquençage du génome, Editorial, Phenotype, Phenotyping, aquaculture, comparative biology, data sharing, evolution, functional annotation, genome biology, phenotyping, standardized data and metadata, salmonid fish, whole genome duplication, Identification (biology), annotation fonctionnelle, Salmonidae, Biotechnology, expression des gènes, Atlantic salmon, Genome evolution, Conservation of Natural Resources, lcsh:QH426-470, Evolution, lcsh:Biotechnology, Comparative biology, Biology, Insights, 010603 evolutionary biology, production aquacole, reproduction, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, analyse de génome, Standardized data and metadata, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Animals, 14. Life underwater, sélection génomique, conservation des espèces, fish, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genome biology, Evolutionary biology, variation phénotypique, Genome Biology, Standardized data and, Data sharing, évolution génomique, Salmonid fish
Abstract

We describe an emerging initiative - the ‘Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes’ (FAASG), which will leverage the extensive trait diversity that has evolved since a whole genome duplication event in the salmonid ancestor, to develop an integrative understanding of the functional genomic basis of phenotypic variation. The outcomes of FAASG will have diverse applications, ranging from improved understanding of genome evolution, to improving the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production, supporting the future of fundamental and applied research in an iconic fish lineage of major societal importance. © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Published
2017
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10. Functional Analysis of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture

Author

Rachael J. Ritchie, James W. Kijas, Rodrigo Vidal, William S. Davidson, Anna Wargelius, Alfredo Tello, Martin Montecino, Patricia Iturra, Cristian Gallardo-Escárate, Simen Rød Sandve, Craig R. Primmer, Graham Plastow, Philip McGinnity, Samuel A.M. Martin, Matthew L. Rise, Steinar Bergseth, Tom Goldammer, Kristinn Olafsson, Sigbjørn Lien, Kerry A. Naish, Krista M. Nichols, Daniel J. Macqueen, Louis Bernatchez, Yniv Palti, Yann Guiguen, José M. Yáñez, Ross D. Houston, Caird E. Rexroad, Barbara F. Nowak, Ben F. Koop, Alejandro Maass, Stig W. Omholt, Jon Olav Vik, Patricia M. Schulte, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), The Research Council of Norway, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Genetics Program ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universidad de Chile, Center for Genome Regulation, FONDAP 15090007, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Cork] (BEES), University College Cork (UCC), Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Office of National Programs, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Genome British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), INTESAL de SalmonChile, Instituto Tecnológico del Salmón S.A., Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics, and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, University of Santiago, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Aquainnovo, Supported by the International Cooperation to Sequence the Atlantic Salmon Genome (ICSASG), funded by: The Research Council of Norway (RCN), The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF), Genome British Columbia (GBC, Canada), The Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO) and the Innova Chile Committee (InnovaChile). FAASG has also received support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) (ref: BB/P02582X/1). Initial FAASG pilot studies (currently in process) are being funded by the ICSASG and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), through NIFA National Research Support Project 8., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genome evolution, phenotyping, data sharing, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lineage (evolution), standardized data and metadata, Genomics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquaculture, evolution, comparative biology, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Applied research, genome biology, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, functional annotation, aquaculture, Evolutionary biology, Sustainability, Trait, salmonid fish, business, whole genome duplication
Abstract

We describe an emerging initiative - the ‘Functional Analysis of All Salmonid Genomes’ (FAASG), which will leverage the extensive trait diversity that has evolved since a whole genome duplication event in the salmonid ancestor, to develop an integrative understanding of the functional genomic basis of phenotypic variation. The outcomes of FAASG will have diverse applications, ranging from improved understanding of genome evolution, through to improving the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production, supporting the future of fundamental and applied research in an iconic fish lineage of major societal importance.

Published
2016
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11. Analyzing microrna repertoires in eggs from 4 fish species can reveal secrets of both life history traits and embryo viability/quality

Author

Juanchich, Amélie, Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove, Thermes, Violette, Bobe, Julien, Wargelius, Anna, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, COST Action FA 1205 AQUAGAMETE, Università Politecnica delle Marche. ITA., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

12. Deliverable report: set of methodologies for health and welfare in trout, salmon and seabream

Author

Sitja-Bobadilla, Ariadna, Perez-Sanchez, Jaume, Calduch-Giner, Josep A., Prunet, Patrick, Leguen, Isabelle, Colson, Violaine, Peron, Sandrine, Valotaire, Claudiane, Tocher, Douglas R., de Santis, Christian, Bartie, Kerry L., Olsen, Rolf E., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Aquaculture Torre la Sal (IATS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institute of Aquaculture, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, FP7-Infrastructures, Contrat : 262336, Financement : Union Européenne, Commanditaire : European Commission, Type de commanditaire ou d'auteur de la saisine : Organisations européennes, Date de signature : 01-03-2011, and European Project: 262336,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,AQUAEXCEL(2011)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Published
2015

13. Analysing responsible innovation along a value chain-A single-cell protein case study.

Author

Flight MH, Tait J, Chronopoulos T, Betancor M, Wischhusen P, Burton E, O'Neill HM, van der Heul K, Hays J, and Rowe P

Abstract

The British Standards Institution's Publicly Available Specification 440 (PAS 440) provides a Responsible Innovation Framework (RIF) that companies can use to continuously monitor the societal, environmental and health benefits and risks of their innovations, as well as relevant changes to the supply chain and regulations. PAS 440 is intended to help companies achieve the benefits of innovation in a timely manner and avoid any potential harm or unintended misuse of a new product, process or service. Here, the authors have applied the PAS 440 RIF to a novel single-cell protein (SCP) animal feed ingredient taking into consideration the perspectives of the value chain partners (VCPs), companies and laboratories involved in an Innovate UK research project. The authors' findings show how VCPs can use PAS440 to demonstrate that they are innovating responsibly. Using this approach to responsible innovation along the value chain-from manufacturing scale-up, through regulatory approval, to incorporation in animal feed and from there to food on supermarket shelves-can support the development of innovations that contribute to the economic and environmental sustainability of the animal feed sector. The authors conclude that the PAS 440 Guide can facilitate the progress of a new product throughout a value chain and contribute to coordinating responsible behaviour among companies involved in the value chain., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Engineering Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.)

Published
2024
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14. Genomic disturbance of vitellogenin 2 (vtg2) leads to vitellin membrane deficiencies and significant mortalities at early stages of embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Author

Yilmaz O, Com E, Pineau C, and Bobe J

Subjects
Animals, Female, Embryo, Nonmammalian metabolism, Embryonic Development genetics, Genomics, Larva metabolism, Vitellins metabolism, Vitellins pharmacology, Vitellogenins genetics, Vitellogenins metabolism, Zebrafish metabolism
Abstract

The specific functions and essentiality of type II vitellogenin (Vtg2) in early zebrafish development were investigated in this study. A vtg2-mutant zebrafish line was produced and effects of genomic disturbance were observed in F2 females and F3 offspring. No change in vtg2 transcript has been detected, however, Vtg2 abundance in F2 female liver was 5×, and in 1 hpf F3 vtg2-mutant embryos was 3.8× less than Wt (p < 0.05). Fecundity was unaffected while fertilization rate was more than halved in F2 vtg2-mutant females (p < 0.05). Hatching rate was significantly higher in F3 vtg2-mutant embryos in comparison to Wt embryos. Survival rate declined drastically to 29% and 18% at 24 hpf and 20 dpf, respectively, in F3 vtg2-mutant embryos. The introduced mutation caused vitelline membrane deficiencies, significant mortalities at early embryonic stages, and morphological abnormalities in the surviving F3 vtg2-mutant larvae. Overrepresentation of histones, zona pellucida proteins, lectins, and protein degradation related proteins in F3 vtg2-mutant embryos provide evidence to impaired mechanisms involved in vitellin membrane formation. Overall findings imply a potential function of Vtg2 in acquisition of vitellin membrane integrity, among other reproductive functions, and therefore, its essentiality in early zebrafish embryo development., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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15. Ghost fishing efficiency by lost, abandoned or discarded pots in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery.

Author

Cerbule K, Herrmann B, Grimaldo E, Brinkhof J, Sistiaga M, Larsen RB, and Bak-Jensen Z

Subjects
Animals, Fisheries, Water Pollution, Environmental Monitoring methods, Ecosystem, Brachyura
Abstract

Marine pollution by lost, abandoned or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) often has negative impact on the ecosystem through plastic pollution and continuous capture of marine animals, so-called "ghost fishing". ALDFG in pot fisheries is associated with high ghost fishing risk. The snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) pot fishery is conducted in harsh weather conditions increasing the risk of fishing gear loss. Due to plastic materials used in the pot construction, lost gear can most likely continue fishing for decades. This study presents a method to quantify ghost fishing efficiency relative to catch efficiency of actively fished pots. On average, the ghost fishing pots captured 8.29 % (confidence intervals: 4.33-13.73 %) target-sized snow crab compared to the actively fished pots, demonstrating that lost pots can continue fishing even when the bait is decayed. Given the large number of pots lost each year, the ghost fishing efficiency is a considerable challenge in this fishery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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16. A warmer environment can reduce sociability in an ectotherm.

Author

Pilakouta N, O'Donnell PJ, Crespel A, Levet M, Claireaux M, Humble JL, Kristjánsson BK, Skúlason S, Lindström J, Metcalfe NB, Killen SS, and Parsons KJ

Subjects
Animals, Acclimatization, Temperature, Fishes physiology, Water, Smegmamorpha
Abstract

The costs and benefits of being social vary with environmental conditions, so individuals must weigh the balance between these trade-offs in response to changes in the environment. Temperature is a salient environmental factor that may play a key role in altering the costs and benefits of sociality through its effects on food availability, predator abundance, and other ecological parameters. In ectotherms, changes in temperature also have direct effects on physiological traits linked to social behaviour, such as metabolic rate and locomotor performance. In light of climate change, it is therefore important to understand the potential effects of temperature on sociality. Here, we took the advantage of a 'natural experiment' of threespine sticklebacks from contrasting thermal environments in Iceland: geothermally warmed water bodies (warm habitats) and adjacent ambient-temperature water bodies (cold habitats) that were either linked (sympatric) or physically distinct (allopatric). We first measured the sociability of wild-caught adult fish from warm and cold habitats after acclimation to a low and a high temperature. At both acclimation temperatures, fish from the allopatric warm habitat were less social than those from the allopatric cold habitat, whereas fish from sympatric warm and cold habitats showed no differences in sociability. To determine whether differences in sociability between thermal habitats in the allopatric population were heritable, we used a common garden breeding design where individuals from the warm and the cold habitat were reared at a low or high temperature for two generations. We found that sociability was indeed heritable but also influenced by rearing temperature, suggesting that thermal conditions during early life can play an important role in influencing social behaviour in adulthood. By providing the first evidence for a causal effect of rearing temperature on social behaviour, our study provides novel insights into how a warming world may influence sociality in animal populations., (© 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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17. Fine-scale differences in eukaryotic communities inside and outside salmon aquaculture cages revealed by eDNA metabarcoding.

Author

Turon M, Nygaard M, Guri G, Wangensteen OS, and Præbel K

Abstract

Aquaculture impacts on marine benthic ecosystems are widely recognized and monitored. However, little is known about the community changes occurring in the water masses surrounding aquaculture sites. In the present study, we studied the eukaryotic communities inside and outside salmonid aquaculture cages through time to assess the community changes in the neighbouring waters of the farm. Water samples were taken biweekly over five months during the production phase from inside the cages and from nearby points located North and South of the salmon farm. Eukaryotic communities were analyzed by eDNA metabarcoding of the partial COI Leray-XT fragment. The results showed that eukaryotic communities inside the cages were significantly different from those in the outside environment, with communities inside the cages having higher diversity values and more indicator species associated with them. This is likely explained by the appearance of fouling species that colonize the artificial structures, but also by other species that are attracted to the cages by other means. Moreover, these effects were highly localized inside the cages, as the communities identified outside the cages, both North and South, had very similar eukaryotic composition at each point in time. Overall, the eukaryotic communities, both inside and outside the cages, showed similar temporal fluctuations through the summer months, with diversity peaks occurring at the end of July, beginning of September, and in the beginning of November, with the latter showing the highest Shannon diversity and richness values. Hence, our study suggests that seasonality, together with salmonid aquaculture, are the main drivers of eukaryotic community structure in surface waters surrounding the farm., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Turon, Nygaard, Guri, Wangensteen and Præbel.)

Published
2022
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18. How to quantify algal turf sediments and particulates on tropical and temperate reefs: An overview.

Author

Tebbett SB, Sgarlatta MP, Pessarrodona A, Vergés A, Wernberg T, and Bellwood DR

Subjects
Animals, Ecosystem, Geologic Sediments, Anthozoa, Coral Reefs
Abstract

Algal turfs are the most abundant benthic covering on reefs in many shallow-water marine ecosystems. The particulates and sediments bound within algal turfs can influence a multitude of functions within these ecosystems. Despite the global abundance and importance of algal turfs, comparison of algal turf-bound sediments is problematic due to a lack of standardisation across collection methods. Here we provide an overview of three methods (vacuum sampling, airlift sampling, and TurfPods), and the necessary equipment (including construction suggestions), commonly employed to quantify sediments from algal turfs. We review the purposes of these methods (e.g. quantification of standing stock versus net accumulation) and how methods can vary depending on the research question or monitoring protocol. By providing these details in a readily accessible format we hope to encourage a standardised set of approaches for marine benthic ecologists, geologists and managers, that facilitates further quantification and global comparisons of algal turf sediments., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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19. A rapid acid hydrolysis method for the determination of chitin in fish feed supplemented with black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae.

Author

Araujo P, Tefera T, Breivik J, Abdulkader B, Belghit I, and Lock EJ

Abstract

Insects are a natural source of feed for fish and have received more attention as a potential source of sustainable high-quality protein. However, contrasting results in different feeding trials have been ascribed to the chitin contained in the exoskeleton of insects and highlighted the importance of developing reliable methods for the quantification of chitin to draw meaningful conclusions about its effect on fish health. A rapid method based on the hydrolysis of chitin into glucosamine and further quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is evaluated. The method offers good selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (1.08 × 10 -5 % w/v or 5.38 × 10 -4 % w/w), limit of quantification (3.26 × 10 -5 % w/v or 1.63 × 10 -3 % w/w), trueness (88.39-109.29 %) and precision (2.24-10.72 %). The quantitative method was successfully applied to real samples of fish feed supplemented with chitin from black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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20. Challenges Ahead for a Rational Analysis of Vitamin D in Athletes.

Author

Araujo P and Méndez-Dávila C

Abstract

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for the normal formation of bones and calcium absorption. It is synthesized into our body through sunlight exposure and obtained by consuming foods rich in vitamin D (e.g., fatty fish, eggs yolk, dairy products). Its benefits on the health and performance of athletes are well documented. This article outlines some analytical challenges concerning the analytical quantification of vitamin D for its optimal intake, namely, a comprehensive study of the variability of the assay before categorizing any method as the golden standard, assurance of sample comparability to draw meaningful correlations, revision of the intake guidance based on appropriate statistical power analysis, and the implementation of rational strategies for preventing the underlying mechanism of preanalytical factors. Addressing these challenges will enable the effective management of vitamin D in the sports sector., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Araujo and Méndez-Dávila.)

Published
2021
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21. Draft Genome Sequence of Hafnia paralvei Strain VBC&#95;1714, Isolated from Frozen Cod Fillet Imported from Russia to Norway.

Author

Storesund JE, Grevskott DH, Marathe NP, Lunestad BT, and Svanevik CS

Abstract

Hafnia spp. have the potential to cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals. This announcement describes the draft genome sequence of an H 2 S-positive Hafnia paralvei strain that was isolated as a presumptive Salmonella sp. from a frozen cod fillet.

Published
2021
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22. Elucidating Biodiversity Shifts in Ballast Water Tanks during a Cross-Latitudinal Transfer: Complementary Insights from Molecular Analyses.

Author

Zaiko A, Wood SA, Pochon X, Biessy L, Laroche O, Croot P, and Garcia-Vazquez E

Subjects
Bacteria genetics, Biodiversity, DNA, Ships, Water analysis
Abstract

In this study, the evolution of ballast water (BW) assemblages across different trophic levels was characterized over a 21 day cross-latitudinal vessel transit using a combination of molecular methods. Triplicate BW samples were collected every second day and size-fractionated (<2.7, 10, >50 μm). Measurements of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabarcoding of environmental nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) analyses, complemented by microscopy and flow cytometry, were performed on each sample. Measured ATP concentrations exhibited high variance between replicates and a strong negative trend in the large (≥50 μm) fraction over the voyage. In concert with microscopy, the metabarcoding data indicated a die-off of larger metazoans during the first week of study and gradual reductions in dinoflagellates and ochrophytes. The ATP and metabarcoding data signaled persistent or increased cellular activity of heterotrophic bacteria and protists in the BW, which was supported by flow cytometry. The metabarcoding showed the presence of active bacteria in all size fractions, suggesting that the sequential filtration approach does not ensure taxonomical differentiation, which has implications for BW quality assessment. Although our data show that ATP and metabarcoding have potential for indicative BW screening for BW compliance monitoring, further research and technological development is needed to improve representativeness of sampling and deliver the unequivocal response criteria required by the international Ballast Water Management Convention.

Published
2020
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23. The hidden army: corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastars can spend years as herbivorous juveniles.

Author

Deaker DJ, Agüera A, Lin HA, Lawson C, Budden C, Dworjanyn SA, Mos B, and Byrne M

Subjects
Animals, Coral Reefs, Diet, Herbivory, Anthozoa, Starfish
Abstract

Crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) outbreaks are a major threat to coral reefs. Although the herbivorous juveniles and their switch to corallivory are key to seeding outbreaks, they remain a black box in our understanding of COTS. We investigated the impact of a delay in diet transition due to coral scarcity in cohorts reared on crustose coralline algae for 10 months and 6.5 years before being offered coral. Both cohorts achieved an asymptotic size (16-18 mm diameter) on algae and had similar exponential growth on coral. After 6.5 years of herbivory, COTS were competent coral predators. This trophic and growth plasticity results in a marked age-size disconnect adding unappreciated complexity to COTS boom-bust dynamics. The potential that herbivorous juveniles accumulate in the reef infrastructure to seed outbreaks when favourable conditions arise has implications for management of COTS populations.

Published
2020
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24. Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs.

Author

Dorey N, Gjelsvik Ø, Kutti T, and Büscher JV

Abstract

Along the Norwegian coasts and margins, extensive reefs of the stony coral Lophelia pertusa act as hotspots for local biodiversity. Climate models project that the temperature of Atlantic deep waters could rise by 1-3°C by 2100. In this context, understanding the effects of temperature on the physiology of cold-water species will help in evaluating their resilience to future oceanic changes. We investigated the response of L. pertusa to stepwise short-term increases in temperature. We sampled corals from four reefs, two located north of the Arctic circle and two at the mid-Norwegian shelf (boreal). In on-board experiments (one per reef), the sampled fragments were exposed to increasing temperatures from 5 to 15°C over 58 h. Respiration increased linearly by threefold for a 10°C increase. The short-term temperature increase did not induce mortality, cellular (neutral red assay for lysosome membrane stability; but one exception) or oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation assay) - to a few exceptions. However, the variability of the respiration responses depended on the experiment (i.e., reef location), possibly linked to the genetic structure of the individuals that we sampled (e.g., clones or siblings). The corals from the Arctic and boreal regions appear to have a high tolerance to the rapid temperature fluctuations they experience in the field. Over extended periods of time however, an increased metabolism could deplete the energy stored by the corals, if not met by an increased food availability and/or uptake. Empirical data on organisms' thermal performance curves, such as the one presented in this study for L. pertusa , will be useful to implement predictive models on the responses of species and populations to climate change., (Copyright © 2020 Dorey, Gjelsvik, Kutti and Büscher.)

Published
2020
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26. Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.).

Author

Betancor MB, Olsen RE, Marandel L, Skulstad OF, Madaro A, Tocher DR, and Panserat S

Abstract

A common-garden experiment was carried out to compare two genetically distinct strains of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) fed diets with either high (CHO) or low (NoCHO) digestible carbohydrate (starch). Twenty salmon from either a commercial farmed strain (F) or a land-locked population (G) were placed in two tanks (10 fish of each population in each tank) and fed either CHO or NoCHO feeds. At the end of the experiment fish were fasted for 8 h, euthanized and blood and liver collected. Both diet and population had an effect on circulating glucose levels with G showing hypoglycaemia and dietary starch increasing this parameter. In contrast, G showed increased plasma triacylglycerol levels regardless of dietary treatment suggesting faster conversion of glucose to triacylglycerol. This different ability to metabolize dietary starch among strains was also reflected at a molecular (gene) level as most of the metabolic pathways evaluated were mainly affected by the factor population rather than by diet. The data are promising and suggest different regulatory capacities toward starch utilization between land-locked salmon and the farmed stock. Further analyses are necessary in order to fully characterize the capacity of land-locked salmon to utilize dietary carbohydrate.

Published
2018
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27. In plastico: laboratory material newness affects growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna reared in 50-ml polypropylene tubes.

Author

Cuhra M, Bøhn T, and Cuhra P

Subjects
Animals, Polypropylenes, Reproduction physiology, Daphnia growth & development, Equipment and Supplies, Plastics
Abstract

Plastic laboratory materials are found to affect vital parameters of the waterflea Daphnia magna. The main responsible factor is defined as "newness" of the materials. Juvenile D. magna were raised individually in; a) new laboratory-standard 50 ml polypropylene tubes, and; b) identical tubes which had been washed and aerated for several weeks. Newness had significant effects on growth and fecundity of D. magna. New tubes caused delayed maturation, reduced reproduction and reduced growth when compared to washed and re-used tubes of the same commercial brand. The findings indicate that newness of tubes has inhibiting or toxic effects on D. magna. Often laboratory plastics are intended for single-use due to sterility demands. Newness might be an important confounding factor in research results and should not be disregarded. Disposable plastic utensils may come with a seemingly ignored cost and induce adverse effects in biological test-organisms and systems. The presented findings accentuate continued need for general awareness concerning confounding factors stemming from material laboratory environment. Based on the present findings the authors suggest that plastics intended for use in sensitive research may need to be washed and aerated prior to use.

Published
2017
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