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Numerical simulations of liquid metal (LM) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in a prototypical dual coolant lead lithium (DCLL) blanket module have been performed under conditions relevant to a real LM blanket system, i.e. strong magnetic field of 5 T (Hartmann number Ha ∼ 104) and poloidal flow velocity of 0.1 m s−1 (Reynolds number Re ∼ 105). The proposed blanket model includes all essential sub-components of a real LM blanket: radial supply ducts, inlet and outlet manifolds, multiple poloidal ducts and a U-turn zone. The computations were performed using a DNS-like finite-volume code on a very fine mesh of ∼ 320 × 106 cells to accurately capture all flow features. Four cases have been simulated, including: Case 1 for electrically conducting walls, Case 4 for non-conducting walls, and Cases 2 and 3 with partial SiC FCIs electrical insulation of the blanket conduits using silicon carbide flow channel inserts placed at selected locations. In these four cases, the computed MHD flows were analyzed for: (1) MHD pressure drop, (2) flow distribution, (3) flows in particular blanket components, (4) 3D and flow development effects, and (5) unsteady flows. Many important conclusions have been made, regarding effectiveness of the FCI to reduce the MHD pressure drop, flow balancing in the parallel channels, characteristic flow patterns in all blanket sub-components, electromagnetic coupling between the flows, 3D MHD effects, flow development length, and unsteady effects. This study is limited to purely MHD flows. Next study will focus on a DCLL blanket with a volumetric heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulations of liquid metal (LM) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in a prototypical dual coolant lead lithium (DCLL) blanket module have been performed under conditions relevant to a real LM blanket system, i.e. strong magnetic field of 5 T (Hartmann number Ha ∼ 104) and poloidal flow velocity of 0.1 m s−1 (Reynolds number Re ∼ 105). The proposed blanket model includes all essential sub-components of a real LM blanket: radial supply ducts, inlet and outlet manifolds, multiple poloidal ducts and a U-turn zone. The computations were performed using a DNS-like finite-volume code on a very fine mesh of ∼ 320 × 106 cells to accurately capture all flow features. Four cases have been simulated, including: Case 1 for electrically conducting walls, Case 4 for non-conducting walls, and Cases 2 and 3 with partial SiC FCIs electrical insulation of the blanket conduits using silicon carbide flow channel inserts placed at selected locations. In these four cases, the computed MHD flows were analyzed for: (1) MHD pressure drop, (2) flow distribution, (3) flows in particular blanket components, (4) 3D and flow development effects, and (5) unsteady flows. Many important conclusions have been made, regarding effectiveness of the FCI to reduce the MHD pressure drop, flow balancing in the parallel channels, characteristic flow patterns in all blanket sub-components, electromagnetic coupling between the flows, 3D MHD effects, flow development length, and unsteady effects. This study is limited to purely MHD flows. Next study will focus on a DCLL blanket with a volumetric heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) in 2013-2014. Methods: A total of 4 120 adult residents consisting of Han and Uygur group aged over 18 years old were selected by using a stratified cluster random sampling method in 8 counties of Xinjiang from 2013 to 2014. The related factors of dyslipidemia were collected by questionnaire and physical measurement. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected by enzyme method. Factors associated with dyslipidemia were analyzed by chi-squared test and a multivariate unconditioned logistic regression model adjusted for gender, urban or rural area, age-group, body mass index (BMI), central obesity, smoking, drinking, education attainment, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 45.00% (1 854 cases). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in Uygur group (47.80% (977/2 044)) than that in Han group (42.24% (877/2 076)) (χ(2)=12.84, P< 0.001). The analysis showed that dyslipidemia was related with gender ( OR= 0.41, 95 %CI : 0.33-0.51), urban area ( OR= 0.54, 95 %CI : 0.39-0.76), BMI (overweight group ( OR= 1.52, 95 %CI : 1.18-1.96); obesity group ( OR= 2.20, 95 %CI : 1.64-2.96)), central obesity ( OR= 1.66, 95 %CI : 1.29-2.14) and diabetes mellitus ( OR= 1.49, 95 %CI : 1.06-2.11) in Uygur group. The analysis also showed that dyslipidemia was related with BMI (overweight group ( OR= 1.72, 95 %CI : 1.32-2.25), obesity group ( OR= 2.60, 95 %CI : 1.85-3.64)), central obesity ( OR= 1.45, 95 %CI : 1.13-1.87), smoking ( OR= 1.46, 95 %CI : 1.09-1.95), diabetes mellitus ( OR= 1.77, 95 %CI : 1.38-2.25) and hypertension ( OR= 1.62, 95 %CI : 1.31-2.00) in Han group. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Xinjiang was higher than the national average prevalence. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Uygur group was significantly higher than that in Han group. The gender, living area, BMI, central obesity and diabetes mellitus were risk factors of dyslipidemia in Uygur group, and BMI, central obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were risk factors of dyslipidemia in Han group in Xinjiang.

Objective: To understand the HIV transmission and associated factors in newly reported HIV infected couples before diagnosis. Methods: The information about newly reported HIV infected couples in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Henan and Xinjiang provinces (autonomous region) were collected from National HIV/AIDS Information System from 2011 to 2014. The infection order of the sero-concordant couples were determined. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the HIV transmission between couples and identify the associated factors. Cochran-Armitage trend analysis was conducted to understand the annual sero-concordant couple proportion. Results: A total of 48 931 HIV cases in couples were included in this study, among whom 12 051(24.6%) were sero-concordant couples, indicating HIV transmissions occurred between them. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those who were females ( OR =1.98, 95% CI : 1.89-2.08), aged >45 years (45-59 yrs: OR =1.32, 95% CI : 1.23-1.42; >60 yrs: OR =1.72, 95% CI : 1.58-1.86), had educational level of middle school education or below (illiteracy and primary school: OR =1.33, 95% CI : 1.23-1.44; middle school: OR =1.19, 95% CI : 1.10-1.28), were farmers or migrate workers ( OR =1.23, 95% CI : 1.17-1.30), were infected through injecting drug use or heterosexual intercourse (injecting drug use: OR =1.33, 95% CI : 1.03-1.72; heterosexual intercourse: OR =3.65, 95% CI : 2.89-4.61), had CD 4 + T cells of <500 cells/μl (<200 cells/μl: OR =5.05, 95% CI : 4.62-5.52; 200-349 cells/μl: OR =3.58, 95% CI : 3.26-3.93; 350-500 cells/μl: OR =2.14, 95% CI : 1.94-2.36), reported unprotected sexual behaviors ( OR =1.56, 95% CI : 1.49-1.64), were more likely to infect their couples before diagnosis. The HIV transmission proportion between couples before diagnosis decreased significantly from 28.9% (2 631/9 102) in 2011 to 25.5% (3 009/11 787) in 2014 among those infected through heterosexual intercourse. Conclusion: The proportion of HIV transmission between couples before diagnosis varied among different populations. Behavior intervention and early HIV test promoting are needed to prevent HIV transmission between couples before diagnosis in populations at high risk for HIV infection. HIV infection cases should be included in the HIV care system after diagnosis as early as possible.