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The journey towards transportation electrification started with electric vehicles and has attracted more and more attention on a global scale in recent years. EVs are seen as a substantial, effective, and urgent solution for transportation electrification. In this paper, we investigate the operation requirements for integrating charger stations into the distribution grid in Vietnam. We also propose a simple evaluation method for assessing the feasibility of integrating planned unidirectional EV chargers into the distribution grid. The assessment method is applied to two main distribution feeders in Danang, Vietnam, where the new charger stations are already planned to be deployed in 2025 and 2030. The results showed that with addition of pre-planned EV chargers, both feeders still meet operation requirements in 2025 and 2030. However, the feeder with voltage indices close to the limit needs to be considered for an upgrade in configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inland aquaculture contributed by three major fish groups, including carps, tilapias, and catfish plays a vital role in global food security and nutrition, particularly in low and middle‐income countries. However, the sustainable development of this sector is hampered by disease epidemics, especially those caused by bacteria such as Aeromonas species. At least eight pathogenic motile Aeromonas species (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. jandaei, A. caviae, A. sobria, A. bestiarum, A. dhakensis and A. schubertii) have been reported in aquaculture with some causing up to 100% mortality during disease outbreaks. Simultaneously, emerging multidrug‐resistant Aeromonas due to a long‐inappropriate use of antibiotics is alarming and highlights a global public health concern and negative socioeconomic impacts. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of motile Aeromonas infections, antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas species. This contribution also highlights the non‐antibiotic approaches (the solutions for preventing or treating of bacterial diseases without resorting to antibiotic use) to control motile Aeromonas infections. In addition to the current state of knowledge and limitations of each prophylaxis/therapy, perspectives for future research are discussed critically, including oral/immersion multivalent vaccines, microencapsulated synbiotics, exogenous metabolites, and novel lytic bacteriophage cocktails. Some emerging applicable nanotechnology themes such as nanovaccines, nanobioactive compounds, and nanobubbles are also included in this review. In summary, combating motile Aeromonas infections in aquaculture, including multidrug‐resistant aeromonads, as well as other bacterial diseases, is a lengthy battle that requires a strategic combination of multiple non‐antibiotic approaches coherent with the One Health philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global threat of COVID-19 has led to an increased use of metabolomics to study SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals and humans. In spite of these efforts, however, understanding the metabolome of SARS-CoV-2 during an infection remains difficult and incomplete. In this study, metabolic responses to a SAS-CoV-2 challenge experiment were studied in nasal washes collected from an asymptomatic ferret model (n = 20) at different time points before and after infection using an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach. A multivariate analysis of the nasal wash metabolome data revealed several statistically significant features. Despite no effects of sex or interaction between sex and time on the time course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16 metabolites were significantly different at all time points post-infection. Among these altered metabolites, the relative abundance of taurine was elevated post-infection, which could be an indication of hepatotoxicity, while the accumulation of sialic acids could indicate SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Enrichment analysis identified several pathways influenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, sugar, glycan, and amino acid metabolisms were the key altered pathways in the upper respiratory channel during infection. These findings provide some new insights into the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets at the metabolic level, which could be useful for the development of early clinical diagnosis tools and new or repurposed drug therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a growing concern for humans, wildlife, and more broadly, ecosystem health. Previously, we characterised the microbial and biochemical impact of elevated PFAS on the gut microbiome of freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii) within a contaminated catchment in Queensland, Australia. However, the understanding of PFAS impacts on this species and other aquatic organisms is still very limited, especially at the host–gut microbiome molecular interaction level. To this end, the present study aimed to apply these leading-edge omics technologies within an integrated framework that provides biological insight into the host turtle–turtle gut microbiome interactions of PFAS-impacted wild-caught freshwater turtles. For this purpose, faecal samples from PFAS-impacted turtles (n = 5) and suitable PFAS-free reference turtles (n = 5) were collected and analysed. Data from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomic profiling of the turtle faeces were integrated using MetOrigin to assign host, microbiome, and co-metabolism activities. Significant variation in microbial composition was observed between the two turtle groups. The PFAS-impacted turtles showed a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidota than the reference turtles. The faecal metabolome showed several metabolites and pathways significantly affected by PFAS exposure. Turtles exposed to PFAS displayed altered amino acid and butanoate metabolisms, as well as altered purine and pyrimidine metabolism. It is predicted from this study that PFAS-impacted both the metabolism of the host turtle and its gut microbiota which in turn has the potential to influence the host's physiology and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of probiotics, prebiotics and dietary fiber has become a common practice in shrimp aquaculture as alternatives to antibiotic treatment. However, not much is known about the metabolic mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics and immunostimulant used in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, a gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) based metabolomics approach was used to characterize metabolite profiles of haemolymph and gills of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to four treatments (cellulose fiber, probiotics with Vibrio alginolyticus , a combination of cellulose fiber and V. alginolyticus and a control treatment). The cellulose fiber was administrated as a feed additive (100 mg⋅Kg−1 feed), while the probiotics was applied in the water (105 UFC⋅mL−1 culture water). The results showed significant differences in haemolymph metabolite profiles of immune stimulated treatments compared to the control and among treatments. The combination of cellulose fiber and probiotics resulted in greater differences in metabolic profiles, suggesting a better immune stimulation with this approach. The changes in haemolymph metabolome of treated shrimp reflected several biochemical pathway modifications, including changes in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, disturbances in energy metabolism and antimicrobial activity and stress responses. For gill tissues, significant differences were only found in lactic acid between the probiotic group and the control. Among the altered metabolites, the increases of itaconic acid in haemolymph, and lactic acid in both haemolymph and gill tissues of immune-stimulated suggest the potential use of these metabolites as biomarkers for health assessment in aquaculture. [Display omitted] • GC−MS metabolomics revealed shrimp responses to immune stimulatory products. • More metabolic responses to immune stimulators in haemolymph than in gills. • The combination of cellulose fibers and probiotics yielded better immune stimulation. • Cellulose fibers could be used as a prebiotic for shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing water temperatures due to climate change have resulted in more frequent high mortality events of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791). These events have significant impacts within mussel farms which support a major shellfish industry for New Zealand. The present study investigates metabolic responses of farmed mussels during a summer mortality event in order to identify health impacts and elucidate mechanistic effects of external stressors on mussels. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic perturbations and flow cytometry assays were used to assess viability, oxidative stress and apoptosis of haemocytes from healthy and unhealthy mussels during a summer mortality event. The results showed significantly higher mortality and apoptosis of haemocytes in unhealthy mussels compared to healthy mussels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is an indicator of oxidative stress was very high in both mussel groups, but no differences were observed between the two mussel groups. Metabolomics revealed alterations of many metabolites in both haemolymph and hepatopancreas (digestive gland) of unhealthy mussels compared to healthy mussels, reflecting perturbations in several molecular pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein degradation/tissue damage and oxidative stress. An increased level of itaconic acid which is an antimicrobial metabolite and biomarker of pathogen infection was observed in haemolymph, but not in hepatopancreas samples. This investigation provides the first detailed metabolic characterization of mussel immune responses to a summer mortality event and illustrates the benefits of using an integrated metabolomics and flow cytometry workflow for mussel health assessment and biomarker identification for summer mortality early detection. Image 1 • Unknown summer mortality causes perturbations in mussel metabolism. • Metabolomics allows classification of mussels from different affected levels. • Accumulation of itaconic acid may indicate the involvement of pathogen infections. • Itaconic acid has potential to be a biomarker for pathogen infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass mortality events are routinely reported in bivalve cultivation practices worldwide with significant economic consequences for the global aquaculture industry. Major contributors of these bivalve losses are infections caused by viruses and bacteria whose molecular action mechanisms are still not fully understood. This major bottleneck for shellfish cultivation presents an opportunity for fundamental research that can generate practical tools for reliable health assessments. To this end, newly developed omics approaches are likely to facilitate knowledge acquisition, especially if applied in conjunction with established and emergent immunological techniques. In recent years, various omics technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) have been used to study the Pacific oyster mortality events associated with detection of ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV‐1) and Vibrio bacteria. These new approaches, especially when used in combination have significantly improved our understanding of this syndrome and associated diseases. In this paper, we review the current omics technologies that have been employed to investigate the interactions between Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and pathogens (e.g. OsHV‐1 and Vibrio sp.), infection mechanisms, host susceptibility and resistance. Herein, we also highlight some of the current challenges and future directions of omics approaches in shellfish health research, including disease detection, diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first detection in the Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in 1972, herpes‐like viruses/herpesviruses have been identified in at least 20 bivalve species and have caused massive mortalities in six cultured species of bivalves. Among them, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is most threatened by massive mortalities associated with detection of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV‐1) and its variants. These mortality events have been reported in more than 12 countries, and OsHV‐1 itself has been reported in 15 countries worldwide. Traditionally, the genotype OsHV‐1 (or OsHV‐1 Var) is the main contributor to bivalve mortalities, but the emergence of variants (e.g. OsHV‐1 μVar and related ones, acute viral necrosis virus—AVNV, OsHV‐1‐SB) is now responsible for new mortality outbreaks in Pacific oysters and other bivalve species. In addition to OsHV‐1, Vibrio bacteria and other abiotic and host factors also significantly contribute to mortality outbreaks. To this end, the current contribution aims to synthesize the body of literature on our current knowledge of these mass mortality events to provide insights into the role of each risk factor and complex interactions in the disease process. Specifically, this review encompasses our current knowledge and critical gaps. Important suggestions for future investigation are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Immune responses of Perna canaliculus infected with Vibrio sp. varied by host sex. • Infection with Vibrio sp. led to changes of metabolite profiles of mussels. • Metabolic responses of Perna canaliculus infected with Vibrio sp. did not vary by host sex. • Itaconic acid is a potential biomarker for pathogen infection in marine bivalves. Abstract Massive mortalities due to pathogens are routinely reported in bivalve cultivation that have significant economic consequences for the global aquaculture industry. However, host-pathogen interactions and infection mechanisms that mediate these interactions are poorly understood. In addition, gender-specific immunological responses have been reported for some species, but the reasons for such differences have not been elucidated. In this study, we used a GC/MS-based metabolomics platform and flow cytometry approach to characterize metabolic and immunological responses in haemolymph of male and female mussels ( Perna canaliculus ) experimentally infected with Vibrio sp. Sex-based differences in immunological responses were identified, with male mussels displaying higher mortality, oxidative stress and apoptosis after pathogen exposure. However, central metabolic processes appeared to be similar between sexes at 24 h post injection with Vibrio sp. DO1. Significant alterations in relative levels of 37 metabolites were detected between infected and uninfected mussels. These metabolites are involved in major perturbations on the host’s innate immune system. In addition, there were alterations of seven metabolites in profiles of mussels sampled on the second day and mussels that survived six days after exposure. These metabolites include itaconic acid, isoleucine, phenylalanine, creatinine, malonic acid, glutaric acid and hydroxyproline. Among these, itaconic acid has the potential to be an important biomarker for Vibrio sp. DO1 infection. These findings provide new insights on the mechanistic relationship between a bivalve host and a pathogenic bacterium and highlight the need to consider host sex as a biological variable in future immunological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation technology has been applied in aquaculture for developing more efficient delivery systems of nutrients and probiotics to various species. This study aims to investigate the effect of an encapsulated probiotics feed on the growth and health of New Zealand black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris). Juvenile abalone were fed with four different dietary treatments, including commercial pellets, commercial feed sprayed with probiotics, combination of commercial feed and chitosan-coated alginate (CCALG) beads containing probiotics and CCALG beads containing both probiotics and nutrients. A multi-technique approach was used to evaluate the growth performance and health parameters of the experimental animals after 57 days in feeding trial. The results showed a significantly higher growth rate (p < 0.05) in shell length (50.06 ± 5.91 µm/day) and weight (25.55 ± 2.55 mg/day) of abalone fed with CCALG beads containing both probiotics and nutrients (optimal diet) compared to the other groups. The feed conversion rate (FCR) for abalone fed with the optimal diet (1.04 ± 0.06) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the other experimental diets. Furthermore, a low level of haemocytes with reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found associated with the optimal diet (13.24 ± 4.2%). A total of 31 differently regulated metabolites across the four treatments were revealed with a characteristic enhancement of free amino acids in the samples obtained from abalone fed with the optimal diet. The combined results from the growth parameters, flowcytometry and metabolomics indicate that CCALG beads encapsulating probiotics and nutrients can efficiently improve the growth and immunity of juvenile abalone. • Encapsulation provided an efficient delivery method for delivering live probiotics and nutrients to abalone. • Encapsulating probiotics and nutrients improved the growth and immunity of juvenile black-footed abalone. • Encapsulating nutrients improved feed conversion rate whilst reduced feed wastage. • Haemocytes displaying reactive oxygen species production reduced in animals fed with optimal encapsulated diet. • Metabolomics study revealed generally higher abundances of metabolites in animals fed with optimal encapsulated diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic biodegradation by insects has made significant progress, opening up new avenues for the treatment of plastic waste. Wax moth larvae, for example, have attracted the attention of the scientific community because they are known to chew, ingest, and biodegrade natural polymer bee waxes. Despite this, we know very little about how these insects perform on manufactured plastics or how manufactured plastics affect insect metabolism. As a result, we studied the metabolism of greater wax moths (Galleria mellonella) fed on molasses-supplemented polylactic acid plastic (PLA) blocks. An analysis of the central carbon metabolism (CCM) metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS), while an analysis of untargeted metabolites and lipids was conducted using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). In total, 169 targeted CCM metabolites, 222 untargeted polar metabolites, and 196 untargeted nonpolar lipids were identified within the insect samples. In contrast, compared to control larvae, PLA-fed larvae displayed significantly different levels of 97 CCM metabolites, 75 polar metabolites, and 57 lipids. Purine and pyrimidine metabolisms were affected by PLA feeding, as well as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates, cofactors, vitamins, and related metabolisms. Additionally, PLA exposure disrupted insect energy metabolism and oxidative stress, among other metabolic disturbances. The larvae fed PLA have lower levels of several lipids, suggesting a reduction in lipid reserves, and ceramide levels are likely to have changed due to apoptosis and inflammation. The study indicates that G. mellonella larvae could ingest PLA but this process causes some metabolic stress for the host. Future studies of the molecular pathways of this biodegradation process might help to provide strategies for stress reduction that would speed up insect digestion of plastic. • PLA disrupted wax moth energy metabolism and oxidative stress. • PLA-fed wax moth larvae displayed altered purine and pyrimidine metabolisms. • PLA-fed wax moth larvae were lower in several lipid reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hypoxia led to the change of 44 metabolites and 17 pathways in shrimp haemolymph. • Hypoxic stress caused disturbances in energy metabolism, osmoregulation and oxidative damage. • Warburg effect-like response was observed in shrimp responded to hypoxia exposure. • Lactic acid could be a reliable biomarker for hypoxia and other stress conditions. Hypoxia is a common concern in shrimp aquaculture, affecting growth and survival. Although recent studies have revealed important insights into hypoxia in shrimp and crustaceans, knowledge gaps remain regarding this stressor at the molecular level. In the present study, a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to characterize the metabolic signatures and pathways underlying responses of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) to hypoxia and to identify associated candidate biomarkers. We compared metabolite profiles of shrimp haemolymph before (0 h) and after exposure to hypoxia (1 & 2 h). Dissolved oxygen levels were maintained above 85 % saturation in the control and before hypoxia, and 15 % saturation in the hypoxic stress treatment. Results showed 44 metabolites in shrimp haemolymph that were significantly different between before and after hypoxia exposure. These metabolites were energy-related metabolites (e.g., intermediates of citric acid cycle, lactic acid, alanine), fatty acids and amino acids. Pathway analysis revealed 17 pathways that were significantly affected by hypoxia. The changes in metabolites and pathways indicate a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, disturbance in amino acid metabolism, osmoregulation, oxidative damage and Warburg effect-like response caused by hypoxic stress. Among the altered metabolites, lactic acid was most different between before and after hypoxia exposure and had the highest accurate value for biomarker identification. Future investigations may validate this molecule as a stress biomarker in aquaculture. This study contributes to a better understanding of hypoxia in shrimp and crustaceans at the metabolic level and provides a base for future metabolomics investigations on hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Zealand abalone industry relies mostly on the export of processed products to distant Asian markets, notably China. Over the past five years, live export of high quality abalone from New Zealand has proven successful. However, transport of live animals is associated with multiple stressors that affect survival and meat quality at the end of the transport phase. Better understanding of transport-derived stress is needed to improve transport conditions and recovery at destination to ensure high product quality and safety throughout the supply chain. To this end, we applied an untargeted GC–MS-based metabolomics approach to examine the changes in metabolite profiles of abalone after a 2-day transport event and subsequent water re-immersion for 2 days. The results revealed alterations of many metabolites in the haemolymph and muscle of post-transported abalone. Decreased concentrations of many amino acids suggest high energy demands for metabolism and stress responses of transported abalone, while increases of other amino acids may indicate active osmoregulation and/or protein degradation due to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates and anaerobic end-products are suggestive of hypoxia stress and a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (resulting from aerial exposure). Interestingly, some features in the metabolite profile of reimmersed abalone resembled those of pre-transported individuals, suggesting progressive recovery after reimmersion in water. Evidence of recovery was observed in the reduction of some stress biomarkers (e.g., lactic acid, succinic acid) following reimmersion. This study revealed insights into the metabolic responses to transport stress in abalone and highlights the importance of reimmersion practices in the supply chain of live animal exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Shrimp responded to WSSV in a tissue specific manner. • WSSV caused metabolic changes in gills, haemolymph and hepatopancreas of shrimp. • WSSV challenge led to changes in osmoregulation and energy pathways in shrimp. • Shrimp can produce itaconic acid as an antimicrobial compound. • WSSV induced Warburg effect in shrimp. Outbreaks of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have caused serious damage to penaeid shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Despite great efforts to characterize the virus, the conditions that lead to infection and the infection mechanisms, there is still a lack of understanding regarding these complex virus-host interactions, which is needed to develop consistent and effective treatment methods for WSSV. In this study, we used a gas chromatography − mass spectrometry (GC−MS)-based metabolomics approach to compare the metabolite profiles of gills, haemolymph and hepatopancreas from whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to WSSV and corresponding controls. The results revealed clear discriminations between metabolite profiles of WSSV-challenged shrimp and controlled shrimp in each tissue. The responses of shrimp gills to WSSV infection were characterized by increases of many fatty acids and amino acids in WSSV-challenged shrimp compared to the controls. Changes in haemolymph metabolite profiles include the increased levels of itaconic acid, energy-related metabolites, metabolites in glutathione cycle and decrease of amino acids. The WSSV challenge led to the decreases of several fatty acids and amino acids and increases of other amino acids, lactic acid and other organic compounds (levulinic acid, malonic acid and putrescine) in hepatopancreas. These alterations of shrimp metabolites suggest several immune responses of shrimp to WSSV in a tissue-specific manner, including upregulation of osmoregulation, antimicrobial activity, metabolic rate, gluconeogenesis, glutathione pathway in control of oxidative stress and shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism in shrimp which indicates the Warburg effect. The findings from this study provide a better understanding of molecular process of shrimp response against WSSV invasion which may be useful for development of disease management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) that leads to massive mortalities in penaeid shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Mitigation of the significant economic losses caused by AHPND are hampered by knowledge gaps in the pathogenic mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infection in shrimp. To provide insights into this infection mechanisms, molecular responses of shrimp exposed to V. parahaemolyticus were measured via a metabolomics approach. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) platform was employed to generate metabolite profiles of haemolymph from Penaeus vannamei shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and control shrimp (not exposed to the pathogen). The results revealed increases of several intermediates in the citric acid (TCA) cycle (cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, isocitric acid and succinic acid) and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), as well as decreases of six amino acids (threonine, asparagine, 4-aminobutyric acid, histidine, ornithine, glutamine) in challenged shrimp compared to controls. A pathway analysis identified 11 significantly changed pathways due to V. parahaemolyticus infection, which were mostly amino acid metabolisms, TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis. The results suggest an increase in metabolic rate and elevated TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis activities in Vibrio -challenged shrimp due to the high energy demand of the associated immune response. The study provides important new findings about the pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus invasion in shrimp at the metabolic level. Further metabolomics investigations may lead for identification of metabolite biomarkers of V. parahaemolyticus infection for early detection of AHPND. • GC–MS metabolomics was used to study the AHPND in shrimp • Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge led to changes in shrimp haemolymph metabolome • V. parahaemolyticus challenge increased metabolic rate and TCA cycle activity • The upregulation of gluconeogenesis was observed in Vibrio -exposed shrimp • Shrimp use amino acids for ATP production during Vibrio -exposure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvest and transport of farmed mussels are known to impose stress on the crop species. However, not much is known about molecular pathways underlying these physiological stresses. The present study investigated the effects of harvesting on the metabolome of the haemolymph and hepatopancreas of green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus), complemented by assessments of behaviour and survival under simulated dry and re-immersion live shipment scenarios. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to compare the metabolite profiles of control mussels (sampled directly from growing lines) with mechanically harvested mussels and post-transport mussels (after 3 h transport in water). The results showed differences in a large number of metabolites in both haemolymph and hepatopancreas of post-harvest and post-transport mussels when compared to the control state. These metabolites are generally involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein degradation and fatty acid metabolism. Mechanical harvesting induced metabolite changes typically associated with increased energy demand and a rapid transition to anaerobic glycolysis. Some metabolites began to return to baseline levels following a subsequent 3 h immersion during transportation. Re-immersion was also effective in prolonging life in mussels emersed in 9 °C air for three days. However, after six days emersion the mussels were moribund, dying after a total of 7.8 ± 1.0 days in air or in the re-immersion tank. The findings highlight the importance of acute metabolic trauma in determining post-harvest outcomes and the potential role for transient recovery systems. • Mussel mechanical harvesting affected energy demands & anaerobic glycolysis • Some mussel metabolites returned to baseline after subsequent 3 h immersion • Re -immersion was effective in prolonging life in mussels in air for three days • Acute metabolic trauma determines post-harvest outcomes and potential recovery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]