Author: "Ng,CK" / Publication Year Range: Last 10 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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171 results on '"Ng,CK"'

1. Computing resonant modes of accelerator cavities by solving nonlinear eigenvalue problems via rational approximation

Author: Van Beeumen, R, Marques, O, Ng, EG, Yang, C, Bai, Z, Ge, L, Kononenko, O, Li, Z, Ng, CK, and Xiao, L
Subjects: Accelerator modeling, Nonlinear eigenvalue problem, CORK method, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: We present an efficient and reliable algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear eigenvalue problems arising from the modeling of particle accelerator cavities. The eigenvalue nonlinearity in these problems results from the use of waveguides to couple external power sources or to allow certain excited electromagnetic modes to exit the cavity. We use a rational approximation to reduce the nonlinear eigenvalue problem first to a rational eigenvalue problem. We then apply a special linearization procedure to turn the rational eigenvalue problem into a larger linear eigenvalue problem with the same eigenvalues, which can be solved by existing iterative methods. By using a compact scheme to represent both the linearized operator and the eigenvectors to be computed, we obtain a numerical method that only involves solving linear systems of equations of the same dimension as the original nonlinear eigenvalue problem. We refer to this method as a compact rational Krylov (CORK) method. We implemented the CORK method in the Omega3P module of the Advanced Computational Electromagnetic 3D Parallel (ACE3P) simulation suite and validated it by comparing the computed cavity resonant frequencies and damping Q factors of a small model problem to those obtained from a fitting procedure that uses frequency responses computed by another ACE3P module called S3P. We also used the CORK method to compute trapped modes damped in an ideal eight 9-cell SRF cavity cryomodule. This was the first time it was possible to compute these modes directly. The damping Q factors of the computed modes match well with those measured in experiments and the difference in resonant frequencies is within the range introduced by cavity imperfection. Therefore, the CORK method is an extremely valuable tool for computational cavity design.
Published: 2018

2. Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people

Author: Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, and Ng CK
Subjects: Alzheimer Disease (AD), Asia Pacific, Cognition, Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Sima Ataollahi Eshkoor, Tengku Aizan Hamid, Chan Yoke Mun, Chee Kyun Ng Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common condition in the elderly. It is characterized by deterioration of memory, attention, and cognitive function that is beyond what is expected based on age and educational level. MCI does not interfere significantly with individuals’ daily activities. It can act as a transitional level of evolving dementia with a range of conversion of 10%–15% per year. Thus, it is crucial to protect older people against MCI and developing dementia. The preventive interventions and appropriate treatments should improve cognitive performance, and retard or prevent progressive deficits. The avoidance of toxins, reduction of stress, prevention of somatic diseases, implementation of mental and physical exercises, as well as the use of dietary compounds like antioxidants and supplements can be protective against MCI. The modification of risk factors such as stopping smoking, as well as the treatment of deficiency in vitamins and hormones by correcting behaviors and lifestyle, can prevent cognitive decline in the elderly. The progressive increase in the growth rate of the elderly population can enhance the rate of MCI all over the world. There is no exact cure for MCI and dementia; therefore, further studies are needed in the future to determine causes of MCI and risk factors of progression from MCI to dementia. This will help to find better ways for prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment worldwide. Keywords: AD, Alzheimer’s disease, cognition, dementia, MCI
Published: 2015

3. Giant Chondrosarcoma of Proximal Humerus in an Adult Female Patient: A Case Report

Author: Ng CK, Azuhairy A, Tan LH, and Nordin A
Subjects: Giant chondrosarcoma, proximal humerus, young female, forequarter amputation, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary tumour of the bone, after myeloma and osteosarcoma. Most of the chondrosarcoma grow slowly and rarely metastasize, and they have an excellent prognosis after adequate surgery. However most of them are chemo or radio-resistant. We report a case of primary chondrosarcoma of proximal humerus in a 36-year-old female who presented with a six years history of left shoulder swelling and restricted range of motion. Trucut biopsy showed a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent forequarter amputation of left upper limb and was started on chemotherapy following operation.
Published: 2015
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4. Simulations of future particle accelerators: Issues and mitigations

Author: Sagan, D, Sagan, D, Berz, M, Cook, NM, Hao, Y, Hoffstaetter, G, Huebl, A, Huang, CK, Langston, MH, Mayes, CE, Mitchell, CE, Ng, CK, Qiang, J, Ryne, RD, Scheinker, A, Stern, E, Vay, JL, Winklehner, D, Zhang, H, Sagan, D, Sagan, D, Berz, M, Cook, NM, Hao, Y, Hoffstaetter, G, Huebl, A, Huang, CK, Langston, MH, Mayes, CE, Mitchell, CE, Ng, CK, Qiang, J, Ryne, RD, Scheinker, A, Stern, E, Vay, JL, Winklehner, D, and Zhang, H
Abstract: The ever increasing demands placed upon machine performance have resulted in the need for more comprehensive particle accelerator modeling. Computer simulations are key to the success of particle accelerators. Many aspects of particle accelerators rely on computer modeling at some point, sometimes requiring complex simulation tools and massively parallel supercomputing. Examples include the modeling of beams at extreme intensities and densities (toward the quantum degeneracy limit), and with ultra-fine control (down to the level of individual particles). In the future, adaptively tuned models might also be relied upon to provide beam measurements beyond the resolution of existing diagnostics. Much time and effort has been put into creating accelerator software tools, some of which are highly successful. However, there are also shortcomings such as the general inability of existing software to be easily modified to meet changing simulation needs. In this paper possible mitigating strategies are discussed for issues faced by the accelerator community as it endeavors to produce better and more comprehensive modeling tools. This includes lack of coordination between code developers, lack of standards to make codes portable and/or reusable, lack of documentation, among others.
Published: 2021

5. Multi-objective optimization with an integrated electromagnetics and beam dynamics workflow

Author: Bizzozero, DA, Bizzozero, DA, Qiang, J, Ge, L, Li, Z, Ng, CK, Xiao, L, Bizzozero, DA, Bizzozero, DA, Qiang, J, Ge, L, Li, Z, Ng, CK, and Xiao, L
Abstract: In particle accelerators, RF cavities are used to accelerate charged particle beams to designed high energy for physical applications. In a typical accelerator design, the optimization of RF cavities and the optimization of beam dynamics are carried out in separate studies. For a more general and unrestricted accelerator design, a coupled optimization of the RF cavities and the beam parameters is required. For this coupled optimization problem, we have developed an integrated electromagnetics and beam dynamics workflow management system. Within this system, the geometries for a set of cavity components are first adjusted; the field modes are then computed with an electromagnetics program, and imported into a beam dynamics program for beam dynamics simulation. This workflow is encapsulated into a parallel multi-objective optimizer to achieve the integrated accelerator design optimization. A multi fidelity strategy is developed to improve the speed of the optimizer. This integrated global optimization capability is illustrated using a photoinjector design example and yields an improved design.
Published: 2021

6. Cell-Extrinsic Differentiation Block Mediated by EphA3 in Pre-Leukaemic Thymus Contributes to Disease Progression

Author: Zamora, ACP, Ranasinghe, H, Lisle, JE, Ng, CK, Huang, S, Wadlow, R, Scott, AM, Boyd, AW, Slape, C, Zamora, ACP, Ranasinghe, H, Lisle, JE, Ng, CK, Huang, S, Wadlow, R, Scott, AM, Boyd, AW, and Slape, C
Abstract: We recently characterised the NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) mouse as a model of T-cell pre-leukaemia, featuring thymocytes that can engraft in recipient animals and progress to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). However, loss of this engraftment ability by deletion of Lyl1 did not result in any loss of leukemogenesis activity. In the present study, we observe that NHD13 thymocytes overexpress EPHA3, and we characterise thymocyte behaviour in NHD13 mice with deletion of EphA3, which show a markedly reduced incidence of T-ALL. Deletion of EphA3 from the NHD13 mice does not prevent the abnormal accumulation or transplantation ability of these thymocytes. However, upon transplantation, these cells are unable to block the normal progression of recipient wild type (WT) progenitor cells through the normal developmental pathway. This is in contrast to the EphA3+/+ NHD13 thymocytes, which block the progression of incoming WT progenitors past the DN1 stage. Therefore, EphA3 is not critical for classical self-renewal, but is essential for mediating an interaction between the abnormally self-renewing cells and healthy progenitors-an interaction that results in a failure of the healthy cells to differentiate normally. We speculate that this may orchestrate a loss of healthy cell competition, which in itself has been demonstrated to be oncogenic, and that this may explain the decrease in T-ALL incidence in the absence of EphA3. We suggest that pre-leukaemic self-renewal in this model is a complex interplay of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors, and that multiple redundant pathways to leukaemogenesis are active.
Published: 2021

7. Water-Borne Nanocoating for Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses

Author: Bobrin, VA, Chen, S-P, Reyes, CFG, Sun, B, Ng, CK, Kim, Y, Purcell, D, Jia, Z, Gu, W, Armstrong, JW, McAuley, J, Monteiro, MJ, Bobrin, VA, Chen, S-P, Reyes, CFG, Sun, B, Ng, CK, Kim, Y, Purcell, D, Jia, Z, Gu, W, Armstrong, JW, McAuley, J, and Monteiro, MJ
Abstract: The rise in coronavirus variants has resulted in surges of the disease across the globe. The mutations in the spike protein on the surface of the virion membrane not only allow for greater transmission but also raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses from person to person via airborne or surface transmission requires effective inactivation of the virus. Here, we report a water-borne spray-on coating for the complete inactivation of viral particles and degradation of their RNA. Our nanoworms efficiently bind and, through subsequent large nanoscale conformational changes, rupture the viral membrane and subsequently bind and degrade its RNA. Our coating completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (VIC01) and an evolved SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (B.1.1.7 (alpha)), influenza A, and a surrogate capsid pseudovirus expressing the influenza A virus attachment glycoprotein, hemagglutinin. The polygalactose functionality on the nanoworms targets the conserved S2 subunit on the SARS-CoV-2 virion surface spike glycoprotein for stronger binding, and the additional attachment of guanidine groups catalyze the degradation of its RNA genome. Coating surgical masks with our nanoworms resulted in complete inactivation of VIC01 and B.1.1.7, providing a powerful control measure for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Inactivation was further observed for the influenza A and an AAV-HA capsid pseudovirus, providing broad viral inactivation when using the nanoworm system. The technology described here represents an environmentally friendly coating with a proposed nanomechanical mechanism for inactivation of both enveloped and capsid viruses. The functional nanoworms can be easily modified to target viruses in future pandemics, and is compatible with large scale manufacturing processes.
Published: 2021

8. Static malware clustering using enhanced deep embedding method

Author: Ng, CK, Jiang, F, Zhang, LY, and Zhou, W
Subjects: Distributed Computing
Abstract: © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Malware refers to any software, programs, or files that are intentionally utilised to compromise the system and cause unexpected losses to end-users such as economical losses or privacy breaches. The rapid growth of malware makes it impossible to keep up with its progress merely via human interventions or manual analysis. One of the challenges for the human-oriented approaches is they will cause backlog and inability to keep up with the development traces of the malware. Hence, an efficient method is needed urgently to analyse effectively and identify accurately the malware in their domain. Malware clustering has been extensively studied in the machine learning area with regards to distance functions, grouping algorithm and cluster validation. A large number of research studies have been done via behavioral analysis for clustering to achieve high performance of malware detections. However, there is a trade-off for better detection performance between behaviorial approaches and high computational forces. Up to date, little work focuses on the deep learning representations for malware clustering. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an enhanced deep embedded clustering method to facilitate an effective and efficient malware clustering process. The new method takes advantage of linear dimensionality reduction and a customised deep neural network to learn malware representations in an orthogonal space and performs cluster assignments. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed clustering model outperforms the traditional K-means method with regards to the enhanced features using various auto-encoder, pre-trained weight and principle component analysis (PCA).
Published: 2019

9. Effective Assessment of Power Standing Device to Adults with Permanent Lower Limb Paralysis

Author: Serena, Ng SW, primary, Simon, Chan KK, additional, Richy, Ng CK, additional, Jason, Yu KP, additional, and Jocelyn, Au KP, additional
Published: 2019
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10. Effective Assessment of Power Standing Device to Adults with Permanent Lower Limb Paralysis

Author: Yu Kp Jason, Ng Sw Serena, Chan Kk Simon, Ng Ck Richy, and Au Kp Jocelyn
Subjects: Evidence-based practice, business.industry, Social cost, media_common.quotation_subject, Health technology, medicine.disease, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Promotion (rank), Scale (social sciences), Health care, medicine, Medical emergency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Psychology, Mobile device, Independent living, media_common
Abstract: Introduction: Standing routine is a known beneficial daily activity for both healthy and disabled persons, especially those with permanent lower limb paralysis. However, the p rescri p tion of standing device for adults with permanent paralysis was inadequate and non-standard in existing local practice because of lack of good design and evidence based funding support. Objective: I n view of the availability of new advances in power standing device , w e aim to perform an effective health technology assessment (HTA) from professional and users perspectives to develop the decision pathway in prescription for long term home use . Methodology: A functional test and social cost analysis was performed on one high cost new standing mobile devices in recent market . A practical workshop and surveys were performed to collect feedback from 24 healthcare professionals and 8 expert users on a spectrum of new standing mobile device . Results: From the survey results, there was consensus among all participants that ‘Standing’ as daily routine at home is essential and beneficial. 62.5% of healthcare professionals would provide training to users and their cares to facilitate users to perform standing at home . Eight factors were identified from factor analysis in affecting the choice of standing devices for home use by healthcare professionals and users. Users scored high (mean=9.25/10) in “compliance with the new power standing mobile device”. The cost analysis showed considerable savings in social costs in using even the high-cost power standing mobile device. Discussion: The group welcomed power standing device with or without mobile function to support their standing activity at home . A possible clinical decision for prescribing different standing devices with identified factors was summarized. Conclusion: M ore recent researches have reported the negative health issues associated with prolonged sitting . With more innovative product designs , the power standing device s with or without mobile function is a new concept welcomed by both healthcare professionals and user s in promotion of their health, preventing complications as well as independent living in home environment. A larger scale of HTA with structured cost-effectiveness analysis is essential to inform the healthcare resources planners.
Published: 2019
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11. Countdown to 2015 country case studies: What have we learned about processes and progress towards MDGs 4 and 5?

Author: Moucheraud, C, Owen, H, Singh, NS, Ng, CK, Requejo, J, Lawn, JE, Berman, P, Salehi, A, Hong, Z, Ronsmans, C, Yanqiu, G, Kebede, H, Mann, C, Ruducha, J, Tadesse, M, Ngugi, A, Keats, E, Macharia, W, Ravishankar, N, Tole, J, Bryce, J, Colbourn, T, Daelmans, B, Kanyuka, M, Nsona, H, Askeer, N, Bhutta, Z, Bhatti, Z, Rizvi, A, De Guzman, JN, Huicho, L, Victora, C, Afnan-Holmes, H, John, T, Magoma, M, and Msemo, G
Subjects: Child health, Coverage, Health systems, Health finance, parasitic diseases, Neonatal health, Reproductive health, Maternal health, Equity, Accountability, Millennium Development Goals
Abstract: © 2016 The Author(s). Background: Countdown to 2015 was a multi-institution consortium tracking progress towards Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5. Case studies to explore factors contributing to progress (or lack of progress) in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) were undertaken in: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Pakistan, Peru, and Tanzania. This paper aims to identify cross-cutting themes on how and why these countries achieved or did not achieve MDG progress. Methods: Applying a standard evaluation framework, analyses of impact, coverage and equity were undertaken, including a mixed methods analysis of how these were influenced by national context and coverage determinants (including health systems, policies and financing). Results: The majority (7/10) of case study countries met MDG-4 with over two-thirds reduction in child mortality, but none met MDG-5a for 75 % reduction in maternal mortality, although six countries achieved >75 % of this target. None achieved MDG-5b regarding reproductive health. Rates of reduction in neonatal mortality were half or less that for post-neonatal child mortality. Coverage increased most for interventions administered at lower levels of the health system (e.g., immunisation, insecticide treated nets), and these experienced substantial political and financial support. These interventions were associated with ~30-40 % of child lives saved in 2012 compared to 2000, in Ethiopia, Malawi, Peru and Tanzania. Intrapartum care for mothers and newborns - which require higher-level health workers, more infrastructure, and increased community engagement - showed variable increases in coverage, and persistent equity gaps. Countries have explored different approaches to address these problems, including shifting interventions to the community setting and tasks to lower-level health workers. Conclusions: These Countdown case studies underline the importance of consistent national investment and global attention for achieving improvements in RMNCH. Interventions with major global investments achieved higher levels of coverage, reduced equity gaps and improvements in associated health outcomes. Given many competing priorities for the Sustainable Development Goals era, it is essential to maintain attention to the unfinished RMNCH agenda, particularly health systems improvements for maternal and neonatal outcomes where progress has been slower, and to invest in data collection for monitoring progress and for rigorous analyses of how progress is achieved in different contexts.
Published: 2016
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12. Abstract P1-05-03: The genomic landscape of breast metaplastic carcinoma

Author: Geyer, FC, primary, Ng, CK, additional, Piscuoglio, S, additional, Wen, YH, additional, Wen, H-C, additional, Pareja, F, additional, Eberle, CA, additional, Burke, KA, additional, Lim, RS, additional, Natrajan, R, additional, Mariani, O, additional, Brogi, E, additional, Norton, L, additional, Vincent-Salomon, A, additional, Weigelt, B, additional, and Reis-Filho, JS, additional
Published: 2017
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13. Abstract S2-02: The landscape of somatic genetic alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancers

Author: Geyer, FC, primary, Burke, KA, additional, Macedo, GS, additional, Piscuoglio, S, additional, Ng, CK, additional, Martelotto, LG, additional, Papanastatiou, AD, additional, De Filippo, MR, additional, Schultheis, AM, additional, Brogi, E, additional, Robson, M, additional, Wen, YH, additional, Weigelt, B, additional, Schnitt, SJ, additional, Tung, N, additional, and Reis-Filho, JS, additional
Published: 2017
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14. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes

Author: Cannon, Christopher P., Blazing, Michael A., Giugliano, Robert P., Mccagg, Amy, White, Jennifer A., Theroux, Pierre, Darius, Harald, Lewis, Basil S., Ophuis, Ton Oude, Jukema, J. Wouter, De Ferrari, Gaetano M., Ruzyllo, Witold, De Lucca, Paul, Kyungah, Im, Bohula, Erin A., Reist, Craig, Wiviott, Stephen D., Tershakovec, Andrew M., Musliner, Thomas A., Braunwald, Eugene, Califf, Musliner T, Robert M., Tershakovec, A, Gurfinkel, E, Aylward, P, Tonkin, A, Maurer, G, Van de Werf, F, Nicolau, Jc, Theroux, P, Genest, J, Armstrong, P, Corbalan, R, Isaza, D, Spinar, J, Grande, P, Voitk, J, Kesaniemi, A, Bassand, Jp, Farnier, M, Darius, H, Keltai, M, Mathur, A, Mittal, S, Reddy, K, Lewis, B, De Ferrari GM, Ophuis, To, Jukema, J, White, H, Pedersen, T, Britto, F, Ruzyllo, W, Carrageta, M, Duris, T, Dalby, A, Seung, Kb, Lopez-Sendon, J, Dellborg, M, Mach, F, Guneri, S, Parkhomenko, A, Brady, A, Cannon, C, Blazing, M, Ballantyne, C, de Lemos, J, Kleiman, N, Mcguire, Dk, Centeno, E, Casalins, M, Cartasegna, L, Beltrano, Mc, Guerrero, R, Fanuele, M, Berra, F, Egido, J, Colombo, H, Dellatorre, M, Terns, P, Blumberg, E, Reges, P, Azize, G, Ramos, H, Fernandez, R, Carlessi, C, Milesi, R, Schmuck, R, Duronto, E, Procopio, G, Carlevaro, O, Maffeo, H, Beloscar, J, Viso, M, Hominal, M, Castoldi, M, Bluguermann, J, Mauro, D, Macin, S, Cocco, N, Ruiz, N, Ricart, J, Lozada, A, Nani, S, Turri, D, Fernandez, H, Caruso, O, Zarandon, R, Bono, J, Arias, V, Allall, O, Marino, J, Cusimano, S, Schygiel, P, Buzetti, C, Penaloza, N, Berli, M, Worthley, S, Roach, A, Chew, D, Wright, T, Leitch, J, Hicks, E, Rankin, J, Venn-Edmonds, C, Lehman, R, Morrison, H, Shaw, J, Mak, V, Hii, C, Smith, K, Cross, D, Lilwall, L, Nelson, G, Loxton, A, Horowitz, J, Rose, J, Steinwender, C, Leisch, F, Kammler, J, Brussee, H, Zweiker, R, Niederl, E, Weihs, W, Giorgio, G, Lang, I, Drexel, H, Zanolin, D, Hoppe, U, Atzenhofer-Baumgartner, K, Pichler, M, Hainzer, D, Eber, B, Pichler, F, Foeger, B, Wechselberger, T, Mayr, H, Hofer, J, Stockenhuber, F, Warlits, B, Huber, K, Egger, F, Weidinger, F, Ziegler, B, Jirak, P, Metzler, B, Pachinger, O, Wanitschek, M, Auer, J, Grabscheit, G, Podczeck-Schweighofer, A, Priesnitz, T, Frank, H, El Allaf, D, Marechal, P, Roosen, J, Joly, E, Lefebvre, P, Arend, C, Sinnaeve, P, De Velder, L, Hellemans, S, Vanhauwaert, B, Van Dorpe, A, Heyse, A, Vantomme, C, Striekwold, H, Van Den Broeck, D, Lancellotti, P, Schoors, D, Lemoine, I, Taeymans, Y, De Wolf, L, Brike, C, Vercauteren, S, Tahon, S, Vervoort, G, Mestdagh, I, Pirenne, B, Cardinal, F, Lips, S, Dujardin, K, Debrouwer, K, Dhooghe, G, Holvoet, G, van de Borne, P, Renard, M, De Clippel, M, Lesseliers, H, Van Miert, N, Saraiva, J, Vicente, C, Rossi, P, Dos Santos LB, Duda, N, Tognon, Ap, Serrano, C, Gomes, Fl, Manenti, Er, Silveira, Ds, Maia, L, Mouco, Om, Paiva, M, Antonangelo, A, de Souza, J, Lino, Ea, Leães, P, Blacher, Mg, Kormann, A, Ultramari, Ft, Dutra, O, Mendelski, Am, Morgado, S, Ardito, W, Greque, G, Ardito, Rv, Pimentel Filho, P, Zucchetti, C, Alves, A, Seabra, Am, Mattos, M, Miranda, Lf, Silva, D, Uehara, Rm, Marin Neto, J, Schmidt, A, Braga, J, Rodrigues, A, Abrantes, J, Pinheiro, L, Bodanese, L, Magedanz, Éh, Piegas, L, Dos Santos ES, Wainstein, M, Ribeiro, J, Stein, R, Marino, R, Machado, Vm, Moraes Junior, J, Guimarães, S, da Costa FA, Ferraz, Rf, Albuquerque, D, Rocha, Rm, de Carvalho Moreira, R, Dohmann, H, Costantini, C, Tarastchuk, Jc, Coelho, O, Cirillo, W, Sousa, A, Almeira, As, Stefanini, E, Silva, F, Teixeira, M, da Cunha, C, Précoma, D, Facchi, Tl, Rupka, D, Thiessen, S, Warnica, J, Smith, B, Della Siega, A, Klinke, P, Nelson, S, Dion, D, Gilbert, N, Hui, W, Kvill, L, Sussex, B, Luther, A, Dupuis, R, Ouimet, F, Pandey, A, Clarus, S, Senaratne, M, Ferdinandis, H, Mukherjee, A, Bozek, B, Vizel, S, Markov, G, Zimmermann, R, Stephens, W, Tremblay, B, Wong, G, Uchida, N, Brossoit, R, Peck, C, Van Kieu, C, Forgione, M, Bata, I, Cossett, J, Kostuk, W, Arnold, M, Bone, C, Grondin, F, Bilodeau, N, Gosselin, G, David, M, Giannoccaro, J, Beresford, P, Polasek, P, Roberts, P, Doucet, M, Beaudry, M, Cheung, S, Cleveland, T, Bhargava, R, Mccallum, A, Ma, P, Morrissette, J, Cleveland, D, Chadwyn, D, Nigro, F, Weeks, A, Cryderman, C, Leader, R, Houde, G, Rousseau, S, Pearce, M, Radyk, M, Lonn, E, Magi, A, Lefkowitz, C, Sandrin, F, Coffin, N, Lubelsky, B, Coldwell, J, Habot, J, Mcpherson, C, De Larochelliere, R, Roy, M, Haichin, R, Barber, C, Bhesania, T, Kitagawa, H, To, T, Donnelly, B, Tymchak, W, Harris, L, Kouz, S, Huynh, T, St Jacques, B, Lamy, A, Rizzo, A, Stein, J, Childs, C, Wong, B, Poirier, R, Gupta, M, Dela Cruz, C, Constance, C, Gauthier, M, Ervin, F, Ouellette, M, Kokis, A, Lemay, C, Kwok, K, Leung, C, Lee, D, Nesmith, J, Renton, J, Syan, G, Turek, M, Hogan, D, Griffin, P, Lipson, A, Winestock, J, Abramson, B, Fogel, A, Gagne, C, Bergeron, J, Clarke, A, Slipp, S, Darcel, I, Carling-Chambers, L, Kannampuzha, P, Pallie, S, Krekorian, S, Vertes, G, Roth, S, Lai, K, Heath, J, Perez, L, Arriagada, G, Castro, P, Villa, F, Rodríguez, M, Ramos, G, Baraona, F, Núñez, A, García, M, Jofre, C, Silva, P, Lamich, R, 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D., Atkinson, C., Adgey, A., McKeag, N., Bishop, A., Glover, J., Barbir, M., Breen, J., Robson, H., Townend, J., Dwenger, E., Ekpo, E., Shakespeare, C., Barr, C., McClements, B., McAllister, A., De Belder, M., Cooke, J., Williams, S., Daniel, D., Pye, M., Griffith, K., Wright, L., Trevelyan, J., Doughty, A., Hughes, E., Phillips, C., Penny, W., Groves, P., Kardos, A., Purvis, J., McNeill, A., Jones, A., Brown, J., Saeed, B., Sprigings, D., Herity, N., Brown, C., Unks, M., Cauthren, T., Bertolet, B., Jones, M., Decker, S., Chambers, J., Stahlberg, J., Varma, S., Gencheff, N., Price, A., McElroy, D., Chu, A., Crutchfield, B., Eaton, G., Looney, A., Qureshi, M., Wilks, J., Drenning, D., Overman, A., Andreou, C., Russo, P., Stuckey, T., Pruitt, H., D'Urso, M., DeRaad, R., Rogers, W., Thorington, S., Pasquini, J., Iwaoka, R., Tannenbaum, M., Prouty, D., Wiseman, A., Sharow, A., Graham, B., Ali, M.I., Dale, H., Tarsi, D., Picone, M., Juarez, S., Hamroff, G., Hollenweger, L., Scirica, B., 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Alexander, J., Genova, E., MacDonell, A., Broadwater, S., Kereiakes, D., White, D., Lopez, M., Schenks, R., Lui, H., Gibbons, P., Davis, B., Thornton, K., Daley, P., Budzon, S., McCullum, K., Delio-Cox, B., Nadar, V., Keim, S., McLaurin, B., Davis, C., Betzu, R., Al-Jumaily, J., Bolli, R., Alshaher, M., Leesar, M., Collins, T., Akkad, H., Bilazarian, S., Marsters, M., Kennett, J., Melegrito, K., Mostel, E., Harris, R., Chang, M., Hatfield, G., Makam, S., Garvey, M., Levite, H., White, J., Abdel-Latief, A., Pelletier, L., Carr, K., Mckenna, K., De Lemos, J., Soto, G., Kozina, J., Harris, D., Vlastaris, A., Bittel, B., Riba, A., Gugudis, J., Singh, N., Qureshi, I., Doty, W., Lehmann, J., Lieber, I., Martin, S., Nicu, M., Bhalodkar, N., Ravi, P., Canto, J., Bass, M., Campbell, C., Steinhubl, S., Moles, K., Harjai, K., Stapleton, D.D., Hoey, K., Erwin, J., Fikes, W., Stein, B., Sabatino, K., Teklinski, A., Colfer, H., Ward, P., Langevin, E., Faucett, S., Mamdani, S., DeSimone, L., Tuohy, E., Cullen, T., Eisenberg, S., Chronos, N., Allen, R.P., Erickson, B., Mahon, K., Kirby, A., Siegel, C., Stroud, L., Johnson, J., Panchal, V., Pearson, A., Abell, T., De Gregorio, M., Boomer, L., Vahdat, O., VanNatta, B., Long, P., Chalavarya, G., Skatrud, L., Carey, C., Wright, W., Mechem, C., Matthews, B., Adams, A., Vora, K., Wead, J., Koren, M., Gregory, D., El Khadra, M., Peacock, G., Kieval, J., Barron, M., Lewis, D., Grice, R., Bobek, M., Moore, C., Nygaard, T., Fischell, T., Salman, W., Schneider, C., Muhlestein, B., Peeler, D., Chang, D., Todd, A., Chilakamarri, V., Hanley, P., Gelormini, J., Iacona, M.A., Effron, B., Mazzurco, S., Mazzella, M., Wyman, P., Orchard, R., Battin, D., Rezkalla, S., Bishop, C., Sharp, S., Gredler, F., Knap, P., Fadel, M., Saucedo, J., Keng, A., Imburgia, M., Blank, E., Effat, M., Khoury, S., Mardis, R., Baldari, D., Tafuri, L., Mascolo, R., Taylor, D., Mandviwala, M., Khan, W., Mumford, T., Mayer, N., Mitchell, B., Oliver, T., Lombardi, W., Zimmerman, T., Rohrbeck, S., Cooke, L., Craig, M., Mego, D., Griffin, B., Perez, J., LeClerc, K., Addington, J., Aboufakher, R., Ahmed, A., Westecott, B., Steel, K., Hawkins, K., Shah, A., Ward, U., McGreevy, M., Goldberg, R., Prashad, R., McDonough, C., Silver, K., Josephson, R., Witsaman, S., Labib, S., Woodhead, G., Schrank, J., Bell, K., Chandna, H., Holly, D., Bethea, C., Fife, B., Gruberg, L., Singer, A., Ramgadoo, M., Lalonde, T., Morin, R., French, W., Barillas, O., Gradner, G., Kahn, Z., Gress, J., Rocco, D., Thew, S., Stifter, W., Fisher, M., McNamara, J., Kupfer, J., Agocha, A., Cush, S., Jones, S., Whitaker, T., Stover, T., Kumkumian, G., Kent, K., Greenberg, A., Pandey, P., Pytlewski, G., Matsumura, M., Kai, W., Sameshima, S., Thomas, J., MacNicholas, D., Pillai, K., Jones, D., Navas, J.P., Laskoe, B., Patel, P., Fini, G., Minor, S., Shipwash, T., Cabrera-Santamaria, A., Rivera, E., Mincher, L., Jafar, M., Yen, M., Finkle, C., Rahimtoola, A., Severson, L., Labroo, A., Jinich, D., Tam, K., Vogel, C., Aggarwal, R., Zakhary, B., Curtis, S., Lyster, M., Humphrey, K., Lavine, P., Fujise, K., Birnbaum, Y., Allen, J., Kesselbrenner, M., Michel, K., Staniloae, C., Liu, M., Sonel, A., Macioce-Caffas, A., Amidon, T., Leggett, J., Yedinak, S., Gudmundsson, G., Sabharwal, J., Dagefoerde, N., Wu, W., Meyerrose, G., Roongsritong, C., Jenkins, L., Lieberman, S., Sokol, S., Gutierrez, C., Nelson, C., Barrett, J., Hotchkiss, D., Farley, A., Atassi, K., Christy, L., Baig, M., Di Fazio, J., Meengs, M., Thomas, K., Surmitis, J., DeVault, S., Farhat, N., Hulyalkar, A., Riddell, L., Rivera, W., Sheynberg, B., Kobayashi, J., Katsaropoulos, J., Jan, M., Krucoff, M., Paterno, C., Chandrasekaran, S., Curry, R., Cassavar, D., Wheeler, M., McGarvey, J., Schwarz, L., Miller, E., Andrea, B., Carswell, B.S., Lurie, M., Patti, J., Bowden, W., Vasiliauskas, T., Latham, R., Schwartz, B., Bradford, L., Mattleman, S., Wertheimer, J., Goulden, D., Khan, M., Hawkins, B., Ostfeld, R., Mueller, H., Ash, Y., Wilson, V., Bayer, M., Marshall, J., Dobies, D., Dawson, G., Osman, A., Saba, F., Costello, T., Fuentes, F., Underwood, C., Vijay, N., Washam, M., Dietz, W., Glasgow, B., Mukherjee, S., Hinchion, N., Speirs, S., Thornley, A., Lee, K., Movahed, M., Strootman, D., Chernick, R., Parrott, C., Flock, C., Marques, V., Syzmanski, E., Rama, P., Domingo, D., Wu, L., Bauer, B., Dionisopoulos, P., Aggarwal, A., Holcomb, R., Foster, R., Hancock, T., Hargrove, J., Fletcher, A., Stine, R., Bullivant, M., Adams, K., Lohman, J., Klepper, V., Kabour, A., Neidhardt, J., Phillips, W., Tardiff, S., Aji, J., Corut, S., Foster, G., Firek, C., St Goar, F., Sumner, R., Davis, T., Schneider, R., Schneider, W., Villa, A., Desai, V., Chhabra, A., Banks, K., Herzog, W., Burley, T., Quyyumi, A., Smiley, W., Manocha, P., Fishbein, G., Weller, C., Coffman, A., Kim, C., Kedia, A., Firth, B., Rizvi, M., Dahiya, R., Foster, B., Balcells, E., Metzger, D.C., Lester, J., Bissett, J., Fahdi, I., Sides, E.A., Azrin, M., Martin, C., Quick, A., Conaway, D., Garg, M., Schallert, G., Lancaster, L., Mckissick, S., Atieh, M., Garbarino, J., Eisenberg, D., Uusinarkaus, K., Wirtemburg, P., Ellis, J., Cristaldi, J., Berglund, R., Negus, B., Pappas, J., Rocha, R., Nguyen, T., Stone, J., Janosik, D., Labovitz, A., Elmore, N., Dave, R., Loffredo, K., Gabriel, G., Snyder, C., Ahmed, O., Stone, H., Kelley, M., Diffenback, M., Friedman, B., Zirkle, J., Severa, L., Sample, S., Dignen, K., Raisinghani, A., Ben-Yehuda, O., Ghannadian, B., Moscoso, R., Mankowski, J., Boliek, W., Rukavina, M., Davis, W., Ledbetter, S., Handel, F., Mastouri, R., Mahenthiran, J., Foltz, J., Malhotra, V., Jonas, J., Berk, M., Singh, V., Nelson, M., Elsner, G., Gall, J., Kondo, N., Frank, S., Chandraratna, P., Ranasinghe, S., Ebrahimi, R., Treadwell, M., Walters, B., Hughes, L., Kramer, J., Kumar, K., Mente, T., Lachterman, B., Schifferdecker, B., Munshi, K., Sease, D., Waldo, D., Chandler, G., Manns, D., Nahhas, A., Kamalesh, M., Williams, V., Reich, D., Desalca, M., Sharma, S., Liston, M., Gupta, K., Costa, M., Altschuller, A., Lemmertz, K., Shanes, J., Hansen, C., Therrien, M., Mendelson, R., Ramnarine, R., Myers, G., Donovan, C., Klein, M., Fine, D., Owens, S., Murray, C., Ketroser, R., Heifetz, S., Darnell, Z., Touchon, R., Taghizadeh, B., Bohle, D., Norwood, D., Forrest, T., Jackson, S., Shumate, K., Bayles, A., Masroor, M., North, W.K., Fishberg, R., Merveil-Ceneus, B., Butcher, R., Menapace, F., Kilbride, S., Ramabadran, R.S., Loukinen, K., Khalil, J., Ramabadran, R., Walsh, S., Gill, S., Cyncar, R., McLachlan, J., Surakanti, V., Rusterholtz, L., Shoukfeh, F., Stephenson, L., Tsang, M., Nolan, V., Gilchrist, I., Jefferson, D., Feldman, T., Reyes, L., Santos, R., Little, W., Wesley, D., Gharib, W., Mendell, A., Esham, G., Kakavas, P., Whitcomb, C., Book, K., Bazzi, A., Alvarez, J., Cohen, Y., Ayres, T., Rhule, V., Labib, A., Schuler, P., Zughaib, M., Telck, K., Bikkina, M., Turnbull, K., Sharma, T., Orosz, S., Shah, R., Petrino, M., Hughes, M., Hershey, J., Hudock, D., Hui, P., Von Bakonyi, A., Arnold, A., Kappel, D., Pennock, G., Cloud, B., Tucker, K., Harp, L., Hoover, C., Eisenhauer, M., Roth, J., Young, C., Thai, H., Escalante, A., Bautista, J., Gazmuri, R., Nyland, J., Cubeddu, L., DeFranco, A., Dias, D., Fielding, M., Reeves, R., Hermany, P., Meissner-Dengler, S., Evans, M., Flores, E., Tannenbaum, A., McGarr, K., Moran, J., Stout, E., Allred, S., Henderson, D., Crandall, L., Strote, J., Voyles, W., Robeson, D., Bedoya, R., Omar, B., Pettyjohn, F., Revere, C., Coy, K., Margolis, J., Sotolongo, C., Scheffel, M., Munir, A., Shirwany, A., Douglas, L., Girala, R., Humphreys, R., Agarwal, J., Bankowski, D., Watson, R., Bishop, B., Klementowicz, P., Blais, D., Cohen, B., Lobur, E., Dimenna, J., Dempsey, K., Izzo, M., Bondi, L., Carell, E., Eaton, C., Saltiel, F., Grewal, G., Connolly, T., Little, T., Wiegman, P., Gips, S., Held, J., Paraschos, A., Quesada, R., Goudreau, E., Sears, M., Istfan, P., Holt, S., McClung, J., Nguyen, N., Quintana, O., Gottlieb, D., Knutson, T., Barringhaus, K., Lester, F., Sullivan, P., Rodriguez-Ospina, L., Cannon, Cp, Blazing, Ma, Giugliano, Rp, Mccagg, A, White, Ja, Theroux, P, Darius, H, Lewis, B, Ophuis, To, Jukema, Jw, De Ferrari, Gm, Ruzyllo, W, De Lucca, P, Im, K, Bohula, Ea, Reist, C, Wiviott, Sd, Tershakovec, Am, Musliner, Ta, Braunwald, E, Califf, Rm, for the IMPROVE-IT, Investigator, Cianflone, D, Cardiovascular Division (SZG), Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Montreal Heart Institute (MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE), Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands, Institute of Cardiology (WARSAW - Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Merck & Co. Inc, DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA SPECIALISTICA, DIAGNOSTICA E SPERIMENTALE, Facolta' di MEDICINA e CHIRURGIA, AREA MIN. 06 - Scienze mediche, Cannon, C.P., Blazing, M.A., Giugliano, R.P., Mccagg, A., White, J.A., Lewis, B.S., Jukema, J.W., De Lucca, P., Im, K., Bohula, E.A., Reist, C., Wiviott, S.D., Tershakovec, A.M., Musliner, T.A., Braunwald, E., Califf, R.M., for the IMPROVE-IT Investigators [.., C. Rapezzi, ], Other departments, Cannon, Christopher P, Blazing, Michael A., Giugliano, Robert P., Mccagg, Amy, White, Jennifer A., Theroux, Pierre, Darius, Harald, Lewis, Basil S., Ophuis, Ton Oude, Jukema, J. Wouter, De Ferrari, Gaetano M., Ruzyllo, Witold, De Lucca, Paul, Kyungah, Im, Bohula, Erin A., Reist, Craig, Wiviott, Stephen D., Tershakovec, Andrew M., Musliner, Thomas A., Braunwald, Eugene, and Califf, Robert M.
Subjects: Male, Simvastatin, acute coronary syndrome, aged, anticholesteremic agents, azetidines, cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol, ldl, double-blind method, drug therapy, combination, ezetimibe, female, humans, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors, kaplan-meier estimate, male, middle aged, simvastatin, triglycerides, medicine (all, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bococizumab, Triglyceride, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Azetidine, Cardiovascular Disease, Anticholesteremic Agent, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Azetidines, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medicine (all), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Azetidines, Cardiovascular Diseases, Ezetimibe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Multicenter Study, Editorial, Cholesterol, Randomized Controlled Trial, Combination, Ezetimibe, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute Coronary Syndroms, Urology, Acute Coronary Syndrome/drug therapy, Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects, Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use, Azetidines/adverse effects, Azetidines/therapeutic use, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Simvastatin/therapeutic use, Triglycerides/blood, NO, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, Journal Article, medicine, Comparative Study, Alirocumab, business.industry, PCSK9, ta3121, Lomitapide, DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES, Endocrinology, chemistry, Statin Therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known.METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years.RESULTS: The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (PCONCLUSIONS: When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit. (Funded by Merck; IMPROVE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00202878.).
Published: 2015
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15. Abstract P6-03-05: Dual HER2 blockade of an activating driver HER3 mutation: A proof of principle study in a metastatic breast cancer patient

Author: Bidard, Francois-Clement, primary, Ng, Ck, additional, Tulukcuoglu, Ezgi, additional, Piscuoglio, S, additional, Descroix, Stephanie, additional, Mignot, Laurent, additional, Viovy, Jean-Louis, additional, Cottu, Paul, additional, Sigal, Brigitte, additional, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, additional, Weigelt, Britta, additional, Pierga, Jean-Yves, additional, and Reis-Filho, Jorge, additional
Published: 2015
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16. Prediction model for short-term mortality after palliative radiotherapy for patients having advanced cancer: a cohort study from routine electronic medical data

Author: Chuk Kwan Ng, Hollis Luk, Aray Wong, Shing Fung Lee, Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, Frank Chi Sing Wong, [Lee,SF, Luk,H, Wong,A, Ng,CK, Wong,FCS] Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. [Luque-Fernandez,MA] Department of Non-Communicable Disease and Cancer Epidemiology, Institute de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Luque-Fernandez,MA] Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., and There was no explicit funding for the development of this project. MALF is supported by a Miguel Servet I Investigator Award (grant CP17/00206 EU-FEDER) from the National Institute of Health, Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. His funders had no role in the study design, data collection, dataanalysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Logistic regression, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Palliative Care [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Palliative radiotherapy, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Odds Ratio, Electronic Health Records, 030212 general & internal medicine, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Odds Ratio [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:Science, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged [Medical Subject Headings], Cancer, Multidisciplinary, Palliative Care, Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], Middle Aged, Prognosis, Cuidados paliativos, Neoplasias, Oncology, Outcomes research, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Estudios de cohortes, Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings], Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Radioterapia, Prediction model, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Mortality, Lung cancer, Aged, Radiotherapy, business.industry, lcsh:R, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged [Medical Subject Headings], Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Radiation therapy, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Records as Topic::Medical Records::Medical Records Systems, Computerized::Electronic Health Records [Medical Subject Headings], Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Mortalidad, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Prognosis [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:Q, business
Abstract: We developed a predictive score system for 30-day mortality after palliative radiotherapy by using predictors from routine electronic medical record. Patients with metastatic cancer receiving first course palliative radiotherapy from 1 July, 2007 to 31 December, 2017 were identified. 30-day mortality odds ratios and probabilities of the death predictive score were obtained using multivariable logistic regression model. Overall, 5,795 patients participated. Median follow-up was 39.6 months (range, 24.5–69.3) for all surviving patients. 5,290 patients died over a median 110 days, of whom 995 (17.2%) died within 30 days of radiotherapy commencement. The most important mortality predictors were primary lung cancer (odds ratio: 1.73, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.04) and log peripheral blood neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–1.92). The developed predictive scoring system had 10 predictor variables and 20 points. The cross-validated area under curve was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.82). The calibration suggested a reasonably good fit for the model (likelihood-ratio statistic: 2.81, P = 0.094), providing an accurate prediction for almost all 30-day mortality probabilities. The predictive scoring system accurately predicted 30-day mortality among patients with stage IV cancer. Oncologists may use this to tailor palliative therapy for patients.
Published: 2020
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17. Differentiation Between Responders and Non-Responders to Antibiotic Treatment in Mice Using 18 F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol/PET.

Author: Li J, Zheng H, Olson J, Warawa JM, and Ng CK
Subjects: Animals, Female, Mice, Treatment Outcome, Ribitol analogs & derivatives, Ribitol pharmacology, Ribitol therapeutic use, Sorbitol analogs & derivatives, Sorbitol pharmacology, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Bacterial Infections diagnostic imaging, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Positron-Emission Tomography, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 chemistry
Abstract: Purpose: Bacterial infection causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide despite the availability of antibiotics. Differentiation between responders and non-responders early on during antibiotic treatment will be informative to patients and healthcare providers. Our objective was to investigate whether PET imaging with 18 F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol ( 18 F-FDS) or 18 F-FDG can be used to differentiate responders from non-responders to antibiotic treatment., Procedures: NTUH-K2044 was used for infection in Albino C57 female mice. Each mouse was inoculated intratracheally with NTUH-K2044 to induce lung infection (n = 8). For treatment studies, two bacterial doses for animal inoculation and two treatment starting times were compared to optimize treatment profiles. 18 F-FDS or 8 F-FDG /PET imaging was performed to monitor treatment progression., Results: Our results demonstrated that the treatment profiles for mice infected with 25 CFU hvKp and antibiotic treatment starting at 24 p.i. were not ideal due to no evidence of lung infection and lack of treatment efficacy. The optimal scheme is to use 250 CUF for infection and start antibiotic treatment at 24 h p.i. to monitor antimicrobial efficacy. 75% of the mice were classified as responders to antibiotic treatment. 25% of the mice were classified as non-responders. 18 F-FDG was used to compare with 18 F-FDS, but all mice showed increased lung uptake of 18 F-FDG during 3-day treatments., Conclusions: 18 F-FDS is a promising PET tracer to image bacterial infection. It can be used to monitor response to treatment, and differentiate responders from non-responders to antibiotic treatment, but 18 F-FDG cannot, probably due to the presence of high degree of inflammation before and after treatment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to World Molecular Imaging Society.)
Published: 2024
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18. Development and validation of the mobile adherence satisfaction scale (MASS) for medication adherence apps.

Author: Rana R, Ibrahim BB, Huri HBZ, Wahab IBA, Govindaraju K, Shukeri MSM, Ng CK, and Ong SC
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires standards, Pilot Projects, Telemedicine, Reproducibility of Results, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Delphi Technique, Medication Adherence, Mobile Applications, Patient Satisfaction
Abstract: Objective: To develop and validate the Mobile Adherence Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for assessing user satisfaction with mobile health applications aimed to improve medication adherence., Methods: The study involved patients over 18 with asthma, hypertension, heart failure, or diabetes, who used the CareAide® app for six months. Scale development included a literature review, expert consultations, and patient interviews, initially identifying 129 items. These were refined to 27 using a two-round Delphi technique and grouped into six dimensions: user interface, perceived usability, system quality, service quality, feature satisfaction, and general satisfaction. A pilot study with 30 participants further refined the model, which was then validated with 135 participants using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in SPSS 29 and SmartPLS 4. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires., Results: A total of 135 complete questionnaires were analysed. Respondents had an average age of 66.7 years (SD = 11.6) with 42.2 % male (n = 57) and 57.8 % female (n = 78). After removal of an item due to cross loading, exploratory factor analysis resulted six dimensions and 26 items with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.837 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (χ 2 (n = 325) = 2085.673, P < 0.001). The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed high reliability and validity: Cronbach's alpha values > 0.70 for each dimension and an overall alpha of 0.89, with Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted both >0.70 and >0.50, respectively, for each dimension. Structural model indicated a significant positive impact of user interface (β = 0.226, P = 0.006) and feature satisfaction (β = 0.230, P = 0.002) on general satisfaction, explaining 23.1 % of the variance (R 2 = 0.231)., Conclusion: The study developed and validated the MASS, a reliable tool for assessing user satisfaction with mHealth apps. User interface design and feature satisfaction are key for long-term engagement and consistent medication adherence., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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19. Tracing Tumor Heterogeneity of Pleomorphic Carcinoma of the Lung.

Author: Roma L, Ercan C, Conticelli F, Akyürek N, Savic Prince S, Mertz KD, Diebold J, Lardinois D, Piscuoglio S, Ng CK, and Bubendorf L
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Genetic Heterogeneity, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung metabolism, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is an aggressive and highly heterogeneous NSCLC whose underlying biology is still poorly understood., Methods: A total of 42 tumor areas from 20 patients with PPC were microdissected, including 39 primary tumors and three metastases, and the histologically distinct components were subjected to whole exome sequencing separately. We further performed in silico analysis of microdissected bulk RNA sequencing and methylation data of 28 samples from 14 patients with PPC. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry., Results: The epithelial and the sarcomatoid components of PPCs shared a large number of genomic alterations. Most mutations in cancer driver genes were clonal and truncal between the two components of PPCs suggesting a common ancestor. The high number of alterations in the RTK-RAS pathway suggests that it plays an important role in the evolution of PPC. The metastases morphologically and genetically resembled the epithelial or the sarcomatoid components of the tumor. The transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles of the sarcomatoid components of PPCs with matched squamous-like or adenocarcinoma-like components differed from each other, and they shared more similarities to their matched epithelial components. NCAM1/CD56 was preferentially expressed in the sarcomatoid component of squamous-like PPCs, whereas CDH1/E-Cadherin expression was down-regulated in the sarcomatoid component of most PPCs., Conclusion: Lung adenocarcinoma-like PPCs are mainly driven by RTK-RAS signaling, whereas epithelial-mesenchymal transition programs as highlighted by increased NCAM1 and decreased CDH1 expression govern the epithelial-sarcomatoid transition between the clonally related tumor components. Several alterations in PPCs pinpoint therapeutic opportunities., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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20. RGD Density on Tadpole Nanostructures Regulates Cancer Stem Cell Proliferation and Stemness.

Author: Zhang D, Sun B, Wang J, Chen SR, Bobrin VA, Gu Y, Ng CK, Gu W, and Monteiro MJ
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Nanostructures chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Nanoparticles chemistry, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Oligopeptides chemistry, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Cell Proliferation drug effects
Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) make up a small population of cancer cells, primarily responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. They overexpress Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding integrin receptors that play crucial roles in cell proliferation and stemness through interaction with the extracellular matrix. Here, we showed that monodisperse polymeric tadpole nanoparticles covalently coupled with different RGD densities regulated colon CSC proliferation and stemness in a RGD density-dependent manner. These tadpoles penetrated deeply and evenly into tumor spheroids and specifically entered cells with cancer stem markers CD24 and CD133. Low RGD density tadpoles triggered integrin α5 expression that further activated TGF-β3 and TGF-β2 signaling pathways, confirmed by the increase of pERK and Bcl-2 protein levels. This process is associated with the RGD cluster presentation controlled by the RGD density on the tadpole surface.
Published: 2024
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21. Use of patient-reported experience and outcome measures within the colorectal cancer care continuum: a scoping review.

Author: Lau J, Ng JS, Lee D, Tan JK, Tan LL, Pang NQ, Tham SY, Ng CK, and Tan KK
Abstract: Objective: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) are frequently adopted to evaluate colorectal cancer (CRC) care, but the use of patient-reported experience measures (PREM) appears to be underdeveloped and not widely validated. This scoping review aims to understand the contexts for deployment of PREMs in CRC care, reliability of measures, gaps in current use of PREMs, and how PREMs are associated with PROMs when deployed together., Methods: Four scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus) were systematically searched from January 2011 to December 2023. Observational or interventional studies involving quantitative or mixed methodology with samples consisting CRC patients undergoing screening, treatment, or cancer surveillance and utilizing at least one PREM as an exposure or outcome were included., Results: The initial search resulted in 10,400 records. Only 13 relevant studies (consisting of 17,105 participants) met the eligibility criteria. Utilization of PREMs was heterogenous across our sample and the CRC care continuum, and about half of the studies (53.8%) evaluated the relationship between PREMs and PROMs. PREM usage across the CRC care continuum largely focused on treatment/survivorship. Better care experience was positively associated with improved patient-reported outcomes., Conclusions: Future work in CRC PREM development should focus on (1) establishing validated measures that aim to either capture disease/treatment-specific granularity or capitalize on applicability across care settings, (2) localizing novel or existing PREMs to consider different cultural contexts in healthcare, and (3) benchmarking associations between PREMs, PROMs, and other outcomes of interest., Implications for Cancer Survivors: Individuals progressing through the CRC care continuum often undergo a multitude of procedures from detection and diagnosis to treatment and surveillance. The establishment of validated PREMs specific to CRC would help to benchmark and further improve the quality of care received-which should translate to better patient-reported outcomes-and serve as process indicators for institutions and providers to maintain rigorous health service delivery standard for CRC survivors., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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22. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with oncocytic morphology.

Author: Punjabi LS, Ng CK, Cheng L, and Tan PH
Subjects: Male, Humans, Prostate pathology, Adenocarcinoma diagnosis, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Ductal pathology
Published: 2024
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23. Comparative evaluation of different modalities for measuring in vivo carnosine levels.

Author: Amraotkar AR, Hoetker D, Negahdar MJ, Ng CK, Lorkiewicz P, Owolabi US, Baba SP, Bhatnagar A, and O'Toole TE
Subjects: Male, Female, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Diet, Leg, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Carnosine
Abstract: Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (β-alanine -L- histidine) involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis. It is most abundant in skeletal muscle where its concentration has been determined in biopsy samples using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Carnosine levels can also be assessed in intact leg muscles by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) or in blood and urine samples using mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain how carnosine levels from these distinct compartments are correlated with each other when measured in the same individual. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement modality might be most suitable for large-scale clinical studies. Hence, in 31 healthy volunteers, we assessed carnosine levels in skeletal muscle, via 1H-MRS, and in erythrocytes and urine by MS-MS. While muscle carnosine levels were higher in males (C2 peak, p = 0.010; C4 peak, p = 0.018), there was no sex-associated difference in urinary (p = 0.433) or erythrocyte (p = 0.858) levels. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, and diet, there was a positive association between erythrocyte and urinary carnosine. However, no association was observed between 1H-MRS and erythrocytes or urinary measures. In the relationship between muscle versus urinary and erythrocyte measures, females had a positive association, while males did not show any association. We also found that 1H-MRS measures were highly sensitive to location of measurement. Thus, it is uncertain whether 1H-MRS can accurately and reliably predict endogenous carnosine levels. In contrast, urinary and erythrocyte carnosine measures may be stable and in greater synchrony, and given financial and logistical concerns, may be a feasible alternative for large-scale clinical studies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Amraotkar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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24. Direct synthesis of CsPbX 3 perovskite nanocrystal assemblies.

Author: Wang C, Matta SK, Ng CK, Cao C, Sharma M, Chesman ASR, Russo SP, and Jasieniak JJ
Abstract: Inorganic CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) possess many advantageous optoelectronic properties, making them an attractive candidate for light emitting diodes, lasers, or photodetector applications. Such perovskite NCs can form extended assemblies that further modify their bandgap and emission wavelength. In this article, a facile direct synthesis of CsPbX 3 NC assemblies that are 1 μm in size and are composed of 10 nm-sized NC building blocks is reported. The direct synthesis of these assemblies with a conventional hot-injection method of the NCs is achieved through the judicious selection of the solvent, ligands, and reaction stoichiometry. Only under selective reaction conditions where the surface ligand environment is tuned to enhance the hydrophobic interactions between ligand chains of neighbouring NCs is self-assembly achieved. These assemblies possess narrow and red-shifted photoluminescence compared to their isolated NC counterparts, which further expands the colour gamut that can be rendered from inorganic perovskites. This is demonstrated through simple down-converting light emitters.
Published: 2024
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25. Machine learning-assisted optimization of multi-metal hydroxide electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Author: Lim CYJ, I Made R, Khoo ZHJ, Ng CK, Bai Y, Wang J, Yang G, Handoko AD, and Lim YF
Abstract: Green hydrogen produced via electrochemical water splitting is a suitable candidate to replace emission-intensive fuels. However, the successful widespread adoption of green hydrogen is contingent on the development of low-cost, earth-abundant catalysts. Herein, machine learning models built on experimental data were used to optimize the precursor ratios of hydroxide-based electrocatalysts, with the objective of improving the product's electrocatalytic performance for overall water splitting. The Neural Network-based models were found to be the most effective in predicting and minimizing the overpotentials of the catalysts, reaching a minimum in two iterations. The relatively mild reaction conditions of the synthesis procedure, coupled with its scalability demonstrated herein, renders the optimized catalyst relevant for industrial implementation in the future. The optimized catalyst, characterized to be a molybdate-intercalated CoFe LDH, demonstrated overpotentials of 266 and 272 mV at 10 mA cm -2 for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions respectively in alkaline electrolyte, alongside unwavering stability for overall water splitting over 50 h. Overall, our results reflect the efficacy and advantages of machine learning strategies to alleviate the time and labour-intensive nature of experimental optimizations, which can greatly accelerate electrocatalysts research.
Published: 2023
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26. Comparison of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities and protease-activated receptor-2-positive eosinophils in the duodenum of patients with functional dyspepsia-irritable bowel syndrome overlap with functional dyspepsia alone in Asian populations.

Author: Futagami S, Kessoku T, Kasai Y, Higurashi T, Nakajima A, Agawa S, Yamawaki H, Nakamura K, Habiro M, Kawawa R, Ueki N, Higashida S, Watanabe Y, Yamato H, Yamamoto T, Takasaki Y, Ito K, Hojo M, Isayama H, Motoda N, Ohashi R, Siah KTH, Ng CK, and Gwee KA
Subjects: Humans, Asian, Cell Degranulation, Inflammation, Prevalence, Duodenum physiopathology, Dyspepsia diagnosis, Dyspepsia physiopathology, Eosinophils physiology, Irritable Bowel Syndrome diagnosis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome physiopathology, Pancreas enzymology, Receptor, PAR-2 genetics
Abstract: Background and Aim: Some patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders exhibit pancreatic dysfunctions and pancreatic enzyme abnormalities. Thus, we aimed to clarify whether significant differences in clinical characteristics, prevalence of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities, duodenal inflammation, and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expression levels related to hypersensitivity exist between functional dyspepsia (FD) alone and FD-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) overlap group., Methods: Ninety-three patients based on the Rome IV criteria, FD alone (n = 44) and FD overlapped with IBS (n = 49) group were enrolled. The patients scored their own clinical symptoms after consuming high-fat meals. Serum trypsin, PLA2, lipase, p-amylase, and elastase-1 levels were measured. PAR2, eotaxin-3, and TRPV4 mRNA levels in duodenum were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. PRG2- and PAR2 in the duodenum were evaluated using immunostaining., Results: FD score and global GSRS in patients with FD-IBS overlap were significantly higher than FD alone. Although the prevalence of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities in patients with FD alone was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in FD-IBS overlap, the ratio of aggravation of clinical symptoms following high-fat intake in patients with FD-IBS overlap was significantly higher (P = 0.007) than that in patients with FD alone. PAR2- and PRG2-double positive cells were localized in the degranulated eosinophils in the duodenum of patients with FD-IBS overlap. The number of PAR2- and PRG2-double positive cells in FD-IBS overlap was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than FD alone., Conclusions: Pancreatic enzyme abnormalities and PAR2 expression on degranulated eosinophils infiltrations in the duodenum may be associated with the pathophysiology of patients with FD-IBS overlap in Asian populations., (© 2023 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
Published: 2023
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27. Evaluation of 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro glucaric acid (FGA) as a potential PET tracer for tumor necrosis.

Author: Li J, Zheng H, Vega AA, Beverly LJ, Gray BD, Pak KY, and Ng CK
Subjects: Animals, Mice, Cisplatin therapeutic use, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Tissue Distribution, Glucaric Acid, Necrosis diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract: In this study, [ 18 F]FGA was obtained by a one-step oxidation of [ 18 F]FDG using sodium hypochlorite. The conversion from [ 18 F]FDG to [ 18 F]FGA was confirmed by HPLC to be over 95% using the optimal condition. A549-luciferase NSCLC xenografted mice was used for in vivo PET imaging. Prior to either saline or cisplatin treatment, there was no significant difference on tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FGA in all mice, with an average uptake of (0.21 ± 0.16) %ID/g. After treatment, tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FGA was not changed significantly for saline-treated mice, whereas the tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FGA drastically increased for cisplatin-treated mice, with an average uptake of (1.63 ± 0.16) %ID/g. The ratio of tumor uptake between cisplatin-treated vs. saline-treated mice was 7.8 ± 0.2 within one week of treatment. PET imaging results were consistent with ex vivo biodistribution data. BLI showed significant light intensity suppression after treatment, indicating necrosis. Our data indicate that [ 18 F]FGA uptake was related to tumor necrosis. [ 18 F]FGA PET/CT imaging might be a useful tool to monitor treatment response to chemotherapy by imaging tumor necrosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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28. Author Correction: Surface charge as activity descriptors for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to multi-carbon products on organic-functionalised Cu.

Author: Lim CYJ, Yilmaz M, Arce-Ramos JM, Handoko AD, Teh WJ, Zheng Y, Khoo ZHJ, Lin M, Isaacs M, Tam TLD, Bai Y, Ng CK, Yeo BS, Sankar G, Parkin IP, Hippalgaonkar K, Sullivan MB, Zhang J, and Lim YF
Published: 2023
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29. Innate lymphoid cells: potential targets for cancer therapeutics.

Author: Ng CK and Belz GT
Subjects: Humans, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Killer Cells, Natural, Immunotherapy, Immunity, Innate, Neoplasms therapy
Abstract: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a number of different subsets, including natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells that express receptors and signaling pathways that are highly responsive to continuously changing microenvironmental cues. In this Review, we highlight the key features of innate cells that define their capacity to respond rapidly to different environments, how this ability can drive both tumor protection (limiting tumor development) or, alternatively, tumor progression, promoting tumor dissemination and resistance to immunotherapy. We discuss how understanding the regulation of ILCs that can detect tumor cells early in a response opens the possibility of exploiting this functional plasticity to develop rational therapeutic strategies to bolster adaptive immune responses and improve patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Crown Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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30. Loaded and unloaded timed stair tests as tools for assessing advanced functional mobility in people with stroke.

Author: Ng SS, Liu TW, Chen P, Lau SY, Lee VC, Leung YC, Ng CK, Suen SM, Wong TW, Xu R, Tse MM, and Lai CY
Subjects: Humans, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Disability Evaluation, Postural Balance physiology, Stroke, Stroke Rehabilitation methods
Abstract: Background: The Timed Stair Test (TST) was originally designed to measure advanced functional mobility in patients who have undergone a total hip replacement. Its psychometric properties have not been examined systematically in people with stroke., Aim: The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the intra-rater reliability of TST under loaded and unloaded condition; 2) identify the minimal detectable changes (MDCs) in TST completion times; 3) investigate the concurrent validity between TST completion times and stroke-specific outcome measures; and 4) determine the cut-off TST completion time to differentiate the performance between people with stroke and healthy older adults., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: A university-based rehabilitation center., Population: Ninety-four people with stroke and 34 healthy older adults., Methods: TSTs were conducted under loaded and unloaded conditions. Two trials of the TST for each of the two conditions were performed on the same day. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), lower-limb muscle strength test assessed by a hand held dynamometer, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Limit of Stability (LOS) Test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and the Cantonese version of the Community Integration Measure (CIM) were also used to assess the subjects., Results: Excellent intra-rater reliability was demonstrated for TST completion times under loaded (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1]=0.991) and unloaded (ICC2,1=0.985) conditions. The MDCs in TST completion times were 6.55 seconds and 7.25 seconds under loaded and unloaded conditions, respectively. FMA-LE scores, mean strength of the affected-side dorsiflexors and plantar flexors, BBS scores, and LOS movement velocity and maximum excursion scores demonstrated fair to excellent negative correlations with TST completion times under both loaded (r=-0.314 to -0.786) and unloaded (r=-0.296 to -0.794) conditions. TUG results demonstrated good to excellent positive correlations with TST completion times under both loaded (r=0.875, P<0.001) and unloaded (r=0.872, P<0.001) conditions. The TST completion times of 26.3 seconds and 23.4 seconds under loaded and unloaded conditions, respectively, differentiated between people with stroke and healthy older adults., Conclusions: The TST is a reliable clinical tool for evaluating advanced functional mobility in people with stroke., Clinical Rehabilitation Impact: TST is a fast and simple test that does not require sophisticated equipment, making it suitable for busy hospital and rehabilitation settings.
Published: 2023
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31. Surface charge as activity descriptors for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to multi-carbon products on organic-functionalised Cu.

Author: Lim CYJ, Yilmaz M, Arce-Ramos JM, Handoko AD, Teh WJ, Zheng Y, Khoo ZHJ, Lin M, Isaacs M, Tam TLD, Bai Y, Ng CK, Yeo BS, Sankar G, Parkin IP, Hippalgaonkar K, Sullivan MB, Zhang J, and Lim YF
Subjects: Histidine, Carbon, Electrodes, Carbon Dioxide, Plastic Surgery Procedures
Abstract: Intensive research in electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction has resulted in the discovery of numerous high-performance catalysts selective to multi-carbon products, with most of these catalysts still being purely transition metal based. Herein, we present high and stable multi-carbon products selectivity of up to 76.6% across a wide potential range of 1 V on histidine-functionalised Cu. In-situ Raman and density functional theory calculations revealed alternative reaction pathways that involve direct interactions between adsorbed histidine and CO 2 reduction intermediates at more cathodic potentials. Strikingly, we found that the yield of multi-carbon products is closely correlated to the surface charge on the catalyst surface, quantified by a pulsed voltammetry-based technique which proved reliable even at very cathodic potentials. We ascribe the surface charge to the population density of adsorbed species on the catalyst surface, which may be exploited as a powerful tool to explain CO 2 reduction activity and as a proxy for future catalyst discovery, including organic-inorganic hybrids., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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32. RGD-Coated Polymer Nanoworms for Enriching Cancer Stem Cells.

Author: Gu Y, Bobrin V, Zhang D, Sun B, Ng CK, Chen SR, Gu W, and Monteiro MJ
Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumour drug resistance and metastasis; thus, targeting CSCs can be a promising approach to stop cancer recurrence. However, CSCs are small in numbers and readily differentiate into matured cancer cells, making the study of their biological features, including therapeutic targets, difficult. The use of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems to enrich CSCs has some limitations, including low sphere forming efficiency, enzymatic digestion that may damage surface proteins, and more importantly no means to sustain the stem properties. A responsive 3D polymer extracellular matrix (ECM) system coated with RGD was used to enrich CSCs, sustain stemness and avoid enzymatic dissociation. RGD was used as a targeting motif and a ligand to bind integrin receptors. We found that the system was able to increase sphere forming efficiency, promote the growth of spheric cells, and maintain stemness-associated properties compared to the current 3D culture. We showed that continuous culture for three generations of colon tumour spheroid led to the stem marker CD24 gradually increasing. Furthermore, the new system could enhance the cancer cell sphere forming ability for the difficult triple negative breast cancer cells, MBA-MD-231. The key stem gene expression for colon cancer also increased with the new system. Further studies indicated that the concentration of RGD, especially at high doses, could inhibit stemness. Taken together, our data demonstrate that our RGD-based ECM system can facilitate the enrichment of CSCs and now allow for the investigation of new therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer or other cancers.
Published: 2022
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33. Rapid comparison of precipitation data between satellite and in situ observations.

Author: Ng CK, Kong RW, Foo GH, and Khoo G
Subjects: Humans, Asia, Southeastern, Farmers, Malaysia, Climate Change, Food Security, Agriculture methods, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: The agriculture sector responsible for global food and nutrition security has an urgent need to examine climatic trends so that adaptations can be exercised in advance. Freely available dataset from satellite sources can greatly ease rainfall analysis, especially for smallholder farmers who typically operate under limited resources. Tests to determine their accuracy, however, are so far not deployed in tropical Southeast Asia. We compared in situ observations with dataset from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and the Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) in two sites located 180 km apart in the tropical Malay Peninsula for 30 days. We found that in situ precipitation values were markedly overestimated by GSMaP (34.9-67.5%) and POWER (180.5-289.2%), and the possible reasons are discussed. Nonetheless, we conclude that GSMaP remains the best hope for smallholder farmers and its dataset can still be used under the precaution of error margins determined by the practical method described herein., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2022
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34. Consumption of fish oil high-fat diet induces murine hair loss via epidermal fatty acid binding protein in skin macrophages.

Author: Hao J, Jin R, Zeng J, Hua Y, Yorek MS, Liu L, Mandal A, Li J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Yi Y, Yin D, Zheng Q, Li X, Ng CK, Rouchka EC, Egilmez NK, Jabbari A, and Li B
Subjects: Mice, Humans, Animals, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Macrophages metabolism, Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins genetics, Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins metabolism, Alopecia metabolism, Fish Oils pharmacology, Fish Oils metabolism, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 metabolism
Abstract: Fats are essential in healthy diets, but how dietary fats affect immune cell function and overall health is not well understood. Mimicking human high-fat diets (HFDs), which are rich in different fatty acid (FA) components, we fed mice various HFDs from different fat sources, including fish oil and cocoa butter. Mice consuming the fish oil HFD exhibit a hair-loss phenotype. Further studies show that omega-3 (n-3) FAs in fish oil promote atypical infiltration of CD207 - (langerin - ) myeloid macrophages in skin dermis, which induce hair loss through elevated TNF-α signaling. Mechanistically, epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) is demonstrated to play an essential role in inducing TNF-α-mediated hair loss by activating the n-3 FA/ROS/IL-36 signaling pathway in dermal resident macrophages. Absence of E-FABP abrogates fish oil HFD-induced murine hair loss. Altogether, these findings support a role for E-FABP as a lipid sensor mediating n-3 FA-regulated macrophage function and skin health., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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35. Towards a North Pacific Ocean long-term monitoring program for plastic pollution: A review and recommendations for plastic ingestion bioindicators.

Author: Savoca MS, Kühn S, Sun C, Avery-Gomm S, Choy CA, Dudas S, Hong SH, Hyrenbach KD, Li TH, Ng CK, Provencher JF, and Lynch JM
Subjects: Animals, Eating, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Pacific Ocean, Sentinel Species, Waste Products, Environmental Biomarkers, Plastics
Abstract: Marine debris is now a ubiquitous component of the Anthropocene global ocean. Plastic ingestion by marine wildlife was first reported in the 1960s and since that time, roughly one thousand marine species have been reported to consume this debris. This study focuses on plastic ingestion by marine invertebrates and vertebrates in the North Pacific Ocean. Specifically, we reviewed the scientific literature to assess the scope of the problem, identified key bioindicator species, and proposed guidelines for future monitoring of plastic debris in North Pacific marine ecosystems. Our meta-analysis confirmed that the North Pacific is among the most polluted ocean regions globally; roughly half of all fish and seabird specimens and more than three-quarters of sea turtles and bivalve specimens examined in this region had consumed plastic. While there are not enough standardized data to assess if these ingestion rates are changing, sampling standardization and reporting of methods are improving over time. Using a rubric-evaluation approach, we evaluated 352 species for their potential to serve as bioindicators of the prevalence of plastic pollution in the North Pacific. This analysis revealed a suite of 12 bioindicator species candidates which sample a variety of ecosystem components and cover a wide range of plastic size classes. Thus, we contend that these bioindicator candidates provide a key foundation for developing a comprehensive plastic monitoring program in the region. To enhance the utility of these bioindicators, we developed a framework for standardized data collection to minimize methodological variability across different studies and to facilitate the assessment of temporal trends over space and time. Tracking plastic ingestion by these bioindicators will help to assess the effectiveness of mitigation actions in the region, a critical step to evaluate progress towards sustainability and improved ocean health in the 21st century., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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36. Effects of a blended classroom-based intervention on aerobic fitness, motor skills, inhibition, and daytime sleepiness among Hong Kong children.

Author: Li MH, Sit CHP, Wong SHS, Wing YK, Ng CK, Rudd J, Chow JY, and Sum RKW
Subjects: Child, Exercise physiology, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Motor Skills
Abstract: In response to the all-round development of primary school children, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a blended intervention program on children's health-related outcomes of aerobic fitness, motor skills, inhibition and daytime sleepiness in classroom settings. Three experimental conditions include: (1) the "Stand + Move" group combining sit-stand desks and physical activity (PA) recess, (2) "Move" group with PA recess only, and (3) Control group (CG; normal class schedule). A total of 64 primary school children (37.5% girls and 62.5% boys, M [SD] = 9.6 [0.61], BMI mean = 17.0 ± 3.0) participated in all assessments, including aerobic fitness, motor skills, inhibitory control, and daytime sleepiness. The baseline data collection starts from January 2019, with the intervention lasting for 13 weeks and followed by post-intervention and follow up tests conducted in July and October 2019. There was a significant interaction effect on aerobic fitness [ F (2,76) = 10.62, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.22] after the intervention period, whereas no significant interaction was observed for other variables. Significant main effects were observed in aerobic fitness (pre - post: -11.75 and -7.22) for both experimental groups, with the blended group showing greater improvements immediately post the test, while motor skills only showed a significant increase at the three-month follow-up, with the greatest increase in the blended group (pre-follow-up: -2.50). For inhibition control and daytime sleepiness, better improvements were shown for the experimental groups than for the control group. The blended designed intervention, by incorporating multiple components as an innovative strategy to reconstruct children's traditional classroom environment in Hong Kong, has demonstrated improved physical and psychological development of school children., Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000035038. Registered 29 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=46038., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Sit, Wong, Wing, Ng, Rudd, Chow and Sum.)
Published: 2022
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37. Macroporous perovskite nanocrystal composites for ultrasensitive copper ion detection.

Author: Li H, Yin W, Ng CK, Huang R, Du S, Sharma M, Li B, Yuan G, Michalska M, Matta SK, Chen Y, Chandrasekaran N, Russo S, Cameron NR, Funston AM, and Jasieniak JJ
Abstract: Accumulation of heavy metal ions, including copper ions (Cu 2+ ), presents a serious threat to human health and to the environment. A substantial amount of research has focused on detecting such species in aqueous solutions. However, progress towards ultrasensitive and easy-to-use sensors for non-aqueous solutions is still limited. Here, we focus on the detection of copper species in hexane, realising ultra-sensitive detection through a fluorescence-based approach. To achieve this, a novel macroporous composite material has been developed featuring luminescent CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals (NCs) chemically adhered to a polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) substrate through surface thiol groups. Due to this thiol functionality, sub-monolayer NC formation is realised, which also renders outstanding stability of the composite in the ambient environment. Copper detection is achieved through a direct solution based immersion of the CsPbBr 3 -(SH)polyHIPE composite, which results in concentration-dependent quenching of the NC photoluminescence. This newly developed sensor has a limit of detection (LOD) for copper as low as 1 × 10 -16 M, and a wide operating window spanning 10 -2 to 10 -16 M. Moreover, the composite exhibits excellent selectivity among different transition metals.
Published: 2022
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38. Splenic irradiation contributes to grade ≥ 3 lymphopenia after adjuvant chemoradiation for stomach cancer.

Author: Lee SF, Yip PL, Wong A, Ng F, Koh V, Wong LC, Luk H, Ng CK, Lee FAS, and Mamon HJ
Abstract: Introduction: Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in gastric cancer inevitably results in an unintentional spleen radiation dose. We aimed to determine the association between the spleen radiation dose and the observed severity of lymphopenia which may affect the clinical outcomes (survival time and infection risk)., Methods: Patients who received adjuvant CRT for gastric cancer between January 2015 and December 2020 were analyzed. The splenic dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were reported as mean splenic dose (MSD) and percentage of splenic volume receiving at least × Gray (Gy). Peripheral blood counts were recorded pre- and post-CRT. The development of severe (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0, grade ≥ 3) post-CRT lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count [ALC] < 0.5 K/μL) was assessed by multivariable logistic regression using patient and dosimetric factors. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and cumulative incidence of infectious events were estimated and analyzed using the Cox model or competing risk analysis., Results: Eighty-four patients with a median follow-up duration of 42 months were analyzed. Pre- and post-CRT median ALC values were 1.8 K/μL (0.9-3.1 K/μL) and 0.9 K/μL (0.0-4.9 K/μL), respectively ( P < 0.001). MSD > 40 Gy (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.26; P = 0.041), sex (OR for male to female, 0.25; 95 % CI, 0.09-0.70; P = 0.008), and baseline absolute neutrophil count (OR per 1 unit increase, 1.61; 95 % CI, 1.02-2.58; P = 0.040) were associated with the development of severe post-CRT lymphopenia, which was a risk factor for poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47; 95 % CI, 1.24-4.92; P = 0.010) and RFS (HR = 2.27; 95 % CI, 1.16-4.46; P = 0.017). The cumulative incidence of infections was higher among severe post-CRT lymphopenia patients (2.53, 95 % CI, 1.03-6.23, P = 0.043)., Conclusion: High splenic radiation doses increase the odds of severe post-CRT lymphopenia, an independent predictor of lower OS and higher risks of recurrence and infections in gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant CRT. Therefore, optimizing the splenic DVH parameters may decrease the risk of severe post-CRT lymphopenia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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39. Effects of Image Postprocessing in Digital Radiography to Detect Wooden, Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies.

Author: Kleinfelder TR and Ng CK
Subjects: Animals, Australia, Humans, Radiologists, Swine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Foreign Bodies diagnostic imaging, Radiographic Image Enhancement
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effects of image postprocessing functions (ie, edge enhancement, noise reduction, and sharpening) that are available on digital radiography systems, including computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR), for detection of wooden, soft tissue foreign bodies., Methods: Dorsoplantar and lateral porcine foot radiographs with 4 lengths of wooden foreign bodies (no foreign bodies, 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm) placed 1 mm (superficial) and 1 cm (deep) below the skin were acquired by CR and DDR systems using 10 exposure factors. Images were postprocessed to produce 960 images, including original CR, original DDR, sharpened CR, sharpened DDR, edge-enhanced DDR, and noised-reduced DDR images. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were used for objective assessments of foreign body visibility on the images. Six Australian radiologic technologists were recruited to review selected images. Australia allows radiologic technologists to provide initial comments on plain radiographs with the supervision of a radiologist. Technologists rated the visibility of foreign bodies using a 4-point scale to determine diagnostic performances of different image receptor and postprocessing types. Means, standard deviations, analyses of variance, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for statistical analyses., Results: Among the CR and DDR images with and without postprocessing, the edge-enhanced DDR images had the highest overall mean CNR value (3.39, P = .003) and sensitivity (35.13%). The sensitivity of the edge-enhanced DDR images for detecting the 10 mm foreign body was 43.33%., Discussion: Edge-enhanced DDR can be considered an additional tool for suspected wooden, soft tissue foreign body diagnoses in rural areas where digital radiography is the only available imaging modality. This would allow some patients in rural areas to avoid long-distance travel to access sonography or computed tomography to detect foreign bodies, which could minimize emotional, financial, and social costs., Conclusion: This study shows that the image postprocessing function of the DDR system can detect wooden, soft tissue foreign bodies. Edge enhancement, specifically, can improve wooden, soft tissue foreign body detection, especially for large foreign bodies (≥ 10 mm)., (© 2022 American Society of Radiologic Technologists.)
Published: 2022

40. The socio-economic and cultural impacts of the Pan Borneo Highway on Indigenous and local communities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Author: Abram NK, Lim HY, Ng CK, Yorath S, Razi MHM, Ong CGS, Chen KO, and Wilson KB
Subjects: Borneo, Malaysia, Socioeconomic Factors
Abstract: Road and highway development can provide multiple benefits to society, but without careful planning, this development can result in negative social and environmental impacts. The 1,200 km Pan Borneo Highway project (PBH) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, is constructing new highways and up-grading 2-lane roads to 4-lane highways. We assessed the potential impact of the PBH on communities using three width scenarios of 50m, 75m and 100m for planned highway alignments, and identified potentially impacted dwellings and community lands. We estimated that 65-93 villages will be impacted, and that 1,712-7,093 dwellings and 3,420-6,695 ha of community lands (e.g. paddy, oil palm smallholdings and rubber) may be lost to the PBH. Due to land tenure technicalities, many affected households may not get compensation for the loss of their homes and lands. The PBH will disproportionally impact Sabah's Indigenous Peoples, with the Kadazandusun most affected. For this study to be constructive, we provide a low impact alternative alignment for a part of the PBH; discuss the socio-economic and cultural impacts of the PBH, and offer some perspectives on current planning procedures in Sabah to support more sustainable and equitable development., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2022
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41. What drives food security for wildlife in logged and intact forests of tropical Borneo?

Author: Wong ST and Ng CK
Subjects: Animals, Borneo, Forestry, Humans, Trees, Animals, Wild, Forests
Abstract: Timber extraction is often cited as detrimental to wildlife ecology. Little information, however, in particular from the Southeast Asian tropics, is available on how exactly logging affects wildlife food security. To address the gap, this paper presents the first high-resolution comparison of fruit production between logged and intact forests in lowland Borneo. In the period of 2004-2008, dry weight of fruit litter was assessed as a proxy for food security of wildlife. The pheno-phases of 1,054 trees in 14 sampling plots were monitored for 54 months. A total of 143,184 fruits from 50 tree families were collected from six sampling transects totalling 810 km in 34 months. Surprisingly, logged forest (mean = 23.3 kg ha -1 , SD = 48.9) produced more fruit litter than intact forest (mean = 16.7 kg ha -1 , SD = 23.3), although the difference is not significant based on Student's t test; t(66) = 0.702, p = 0.485. Pheno-phases could not be entirely explained by rainfall and temperature variables. Some evidence, however, indicates tree species composition, stand structure and sunlight exposure were likely determinants of flowering and fruit litter intensity. All things being equal, results imply selective logging if considerately practiced may increase food security for wildlife. The findings, however, should be interpreted with caution since tropical forest phenology and fruit productivity are also driven by a suite of small-scale edaphic attributes and large-scale spatio-temporal meteorological forcing. Although this research deals mainly with Borneo, the principles discussed and insights offered herein are valuable for furthering conversation around sustainable forestry in tropical Asia and elsewhere globally., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology.)
Published: 2022
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42. The Relationship of Transepicondylar Width with the Distal and Posterior Femoral Condyles and Its Clinical Implications: A Three-Dimensional Study.

Author: Lee M, Ho JPY, Chen JY, Ng CK, Yeo SJ, and Merican AM
Subjects: Femur diagnostic imaging, Femur surgery, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Knee Joint diagnostic imaging, Knee Joint surgery
Abstract: Background: Restoration of the anatomical joint line, while important for clinical outcomes, is difficult to achieve in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) due to distal femoral bone loss. The objective of this study was to determine a reliable method of restoring the anatomical joint line and posterior condylar offset in the setting of rTKA based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images of the distal femur., Methods: CT scans of 50 lower limbs were analyzed. Key anatomical landmarks such as the medial epicondyle (ME), lateral epicondyle, and transepicondylar width (TEW) were determined on 3D models constructed from the CT images. Best-fit planes placed on the most distal and posterior loci of points on the femoral condyles were used to define the distal and posterior joint lines, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the anatomical landmarks and the distal and posterior joint lines., Results: There was a strong correlation between the distance from the ME to the distal joint line of the medial condyle (MEDC) and the distance from the ME to the posterior joint line of the medial condyle (MEPC) ( p < 0.001; r = 0.865). The mean ratio of MEPC to MEDC was 1.06 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.07; range: 0.88-1.27) and that of MEPC to TEW was 0.33 (SD: 0.03; range: 0.25-0.38)., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the fixed ratios of MEPC to TEW (0.33) and that of MEPC to MEDC (1.06) provide a reliable means for the surgeon to determine the anatomical joint line when used in combination., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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43. Living in a Region With a Low Level of COVID-19 Infection: Health Belief Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in Hong Kong Individuals.

Author: Lee LY, Chu KY, Chan MH, Wong CT, Leung HP, Chan IC, Ng CK, Wong RY, Pun AL, Ng YH, and Ng JK
Subjects: Adult, COVID-19 Vaccines, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hong Kong epidemiology, Humans, Intention, Pandemics, Vaccination, COVID-19 prevention & control, Influenza, Human epidemiology
Abstract: Introduction: Vaccination is vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals' vaccination intention is a good predictor of vaccine uptake and is influenced by individuals' health belief toward vaccination. Regions with different levels of pandemic severity may present varying effects. This study aimed to determine the influence of health belief on COVID-19 vaccination intention in a region with a low level of COVID-19 infection., Methods: This cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted on a quota sample of 800 adults in Hong Kong before the commencement of the local COVID-19 vaccination program. The Health Belief Model Scale-COVID-19 was developed to assess health belief toward COVID-19 vaccination. The contribution of health belief on explaining intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was assessed using logistic regression., Results: The subjects demonstrated moderate levels in all aspects of health belief. Only 28.9% of the subjects indicated an intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. After controlling for age, educational level, marital status, and high risk status, the logistic regression analysis indicated that perceived benefits of vaccination (OR = 1.615; CI 95%: 1.443-1.807; P < .001), perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR = 1.130; CI 95%: 1.032-1.237; P = .008), cues to action toward vaccination (OR = 1.212; CI 95%: 1.108-1.326; P < .001), and perceived barriers to vaccination (OR = .696; CI 95%: .641-.756; P < .001) were associated with intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine., Conclusion: Vaccination campaigns in regions with good control of the pandemic should promote the benefits of vaccination, emphasizing how it can help individuals regain a sense of normalcy in their daily lives and stop the spread of COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic affects countries worldwide, this study highlights the importance of adopting specific vaccination promotion strategies for regions with different levels of pandemic severity.
Published: 2022
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44. Promoting physical activity and health in Hong Kong primary school children through a blended physical literacy intervention: protocol and baseline characteristics of the "Stand+Move" randomized controlled trial.

Author: Li MH, Sit CHP, Wong SHS, Wing YK, Ng CK, and Sum RKW
Subjects: Child, Exercise, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Schools, Literacy, Sleep Quality
Abstract: Background: Children predominantly remain sedentary in a traditional classroom. This study aimed to demonstrate the design and baseline characteristics of a three-armed intervention program that targeted enhancements in children's physical literacy (PL), physical activity (PA), sleep, and executive functions by constructing an active classroom environment in primary schools. The blended approach involved organized PA participation during recess combined with changes to the classroom environment in response to the emphasis on nurturing children's PL in Hong Kong., Methods: This blended "Stand + Move" intervention adopted a randomized controlled trial design to investigate its effectiveness in improving health-related aspects. Three groups were compared: (1) PA recess intervention, (2) blended (sit-stand desks and PA recess) experimental, and (3) control groups. In this 13-week intervention (from March to September 2019), 76 students (59.2% girls) were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups. The primary outcomes were children's PL and PA. The secondary outcomes were children's sleep and executive functions., Results: Baseline data were evaluated. The mean age was 9.6 years [standard deviation = 0.61, range 9.0-12.0]. There were no significant differences between trial arms at baseline concerning any of the outcomes (all P = 0.06-0.89). Overall, 22.4% met the recommended PA guidelines, 36.8% met the sleep guidelines, and 10.5% met both guidelines. Three aspects of executive functions were evaluated: inhibition, executive control, and planning. Over half of the participants reported satisfaction with their perceived sleep quality., Conclusions: The designed intervention is regarded as an innovative strategy that incorporates sit-stand desks and PA breaks to reconstruct children's traditional classroom environment. The baseline results suggest that intervention was satisfactory in reducing students' sitting time and increasing their PA engagement. We demonstrated the benefits of this intervention on children's PL, various sleep patterns, and executive functions. As expected, the designed intervention changes made to the classroom improved children's health behaviors, as well as the support from stakeholders at schools and the children's families. Our results also provided the desired evidence for policy reforms in teaching and learning strategies., Trial Registration: ChiCTR ChiCTR2000035038 . Registered on July 29, 2020-retrospectively registered., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2021
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45. Cryptic species and grey zone speciation of the Barbodes binotatus complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Sundaland.

Author: Ng CK and Tan J
Subjects: Animals, Cytochromes b genetics, Fresh Water, Indonesia, Phylogeny, Cyprinidae genetics, Genetic Speciation
Abstract: Morphology-based taxonomy of freshwater fish is effective when there are representative specimens covering large regions. However, in Sundaland, where the presence of cryptic species is high, the technique has its limitations. This is compounded by uncritical descriptions of holotypes in old literature. We demonstrate the problem using Barbodes binotatus first described from an ink drawing. Several species in the Barbodes genus of Sundaland exhibit morphological similarity to B. binotatus. We applied new DNA sequences of 16S, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb) and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1), and pigmentation markers to clarify species complex boundaries in the Malay Peninsula, namely B. aff. binotatus "Malay Peninsula", Barbodes cf. banksi and Barbodes rhombeus. Results suggest B. binotatus-like specimens in the Malay Peninsula are B. rhombeus based on a threshold of 3% COI genetic divergence. B. aff. binotatus recorded in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines are likely valid but undescribed species. However, if the 2% COI threshold is applied, some populations in the northern Malay Peninsula would qualify as new and undescribed species. The implications of the 2% threshold and the likelihood of "grey zone" incipient populations are discussed. We further found a rapid visual method, not reported previously, to delineate B. aff. binotatus and B. cf. banksi, but it requires further validation. Additionally, we offer fresh perspectives by discussing the roles of biological species concept, morphological species concept, genetic species concept and mate recognition concept in the B. binotatus complex. Our findings reinforce the standpoint that species delineation is not entirely a binary process, but there is a spectrum to consider, especially in biogeography intersection regions., (© 2021 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)
Published: 2021
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46. Water-Borne Nanocoating for Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses.

Author: Bobrin VA, Chen SP, Grandes Reyes CF, Sun B, Ng CK, Kim Y, Purcell D, Jia Z, Gu W, Armstrong JW, McAuley J, and Monteiro MJ
Subjects: Humans, Pandemics, Water, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract: The rise in coronavirus variants has resulted in surges of the disease across the globe. The mutations in the spike protein on the surface of the virion membrane not only allow for greater transmission but also raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses from person to person via airborne or surface transmission requires effective inactivation of the virus. Here, we report a water-borne spray-on coating for the complete inactivation of viral particles and degradation of their RNA. Our nanoworms efficiently bind and, through subsequent large nanoscale conformational changes, rupture the viral membrane and subsequently bind and degrade its RNA. Our coating completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (VIC01) and an evolved SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (B.1.1.7 (alpha)), influenza A, and a surrogate capsid pseudovirus expressing the influenza A virus attachment glycoprotein, hemagglutinin. The polygalactose functionality on the nanoworms targets the conserved S2 subunit on the SARS-CoV-2 virion surface spike glycoprotein for stronger binding, and the additional attachment of guanidine groups catalyze the degradation of its RNA genome. Coating surgical masks with our nanoworms resulted in complete inactivation of VIC01 and B.1.1.7, providing a powerful control measure for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Inactivation was further observed for the influenza A and an AAV-HA capsid pseudovirus, providing broad viral inactivation when using the nanoworm system. The technology described here represents an environmentally friendly coating with a proposed nanomechanical mechanism for inactivation of both enveloped and capsid viruses. The functional nanoworms can be easily modified to target viruses in future pandemics, and is compatible with large scale manufacturing processes.
Published: 2021
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47. Cell-Extrinsic Differentiation Block Mediated by EphA3 in Pre-Leukaemic Thymus Contributes to Disease Progression.

Author: Pliego Zamora AC, Ranasinghe H, Lisle JE, Ng CK, Huang S, Wadlow R, Scott AM, Boyd AW, and Slape CI
Abstract: We recently characterised the NUP98-HOXD13 ( NHD13 ) mouse as a model of T-cell pre-leukaemia, featuring thymocytes that can engraft in recipient animals and progress to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). However, loss of this engraftment ability by deletion of Lyl1 did not result in any loss of leukemogenesis activity. In the present study, we observe that NHD13 thymocytes overexpress EPHA3, and we characterise thymocyte behaviour in NHD13 mice with deletion of EphA3 , which show a markedly reduced incidence of T-ALL. Deletion of EphA3 from the NHD13 mice does not prevent the abnormal accumulation or transplantation ability of these thymocytes. However, upon transplantation, these cells are unable to block the normal progression of recipient wild type (WT) progenitor cells through the normal developmental pathway. This is in contrast to the EphA3 +/+   NHD13 thymocytes, which block the progression of incoming WT progenitors past the DN1 stage. Therefore, EphA3 is not critical for classical self-renewal, but is essential for mediating an interaction between the abnormally self-renewing cells and healthy progenitors-an interaction that results in a failure of the healthy cells to differentiate normally. We speculate that this may orchestrate a loss of healthy cell competition, which in itself has been demonstrated to be oncogenic, and that this may explain the decrease in T-ALL incidence in the absence of EphA3 . We suggest that pre-leukaemic self-renewal in this model is a complex interplay of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors, and that multiple redundant pathways to leukaemogenesis are active.
Published: 2021
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48. Genetic engineering biofilms in situ using ultrasound-mediated DNA delivery.

Author: Ng CK, Putra SL, Kennerley J, Habgood R, Roy RA, Raymond JL, Thompson IP, and Huang WE
Subjects: Biofilms, DNA, Genetic Engineering, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Shewanella genetics
Abstract: The ability to directly modify native and established biofilms has enormous potential in understanding microbial ecology and application of biofilm in 'real-world' systems. However, efficient genetic transformation of established biofilms at any scale remains challenging. In this study, we applied an ultrasound-mediated DNA delivery (UDD) technique to introduce plasmid to established non-competent biofilms in situ. Two different plasmids containing genes coding for superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and the flavin synthesis pathway were introduced into established bacterial biofilms in microfluidic flow (transformation efficiency of 3.9 ± 0.3 × 10 -7 cells in biofilm) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs), respectively, both employing UDD. Gene expression and functional effects of genetically modified bacterial biofilms were observed, where some cells in UDD-treated Pseudomonas putida UWC1 biofilms expressed sfGFP in flow cells and UDD-treated Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms generated significantly (P < 0.05) greater (61%) bioelectricity production (21.9 ± 1.2 µA cm -2 ) in MFC than a wild-type control group (~ 13.6 ± 1.6 µA cm -2 ). The effects of UDD were amplified in subsequent growth under selection pressure due to antibiotic resistance and metabolism enhancement. UDD-induced gene transfer on biofilms grown in both microbial flow cells and MFC systems was successfully demonstrated, with working volumes of 0.16 cm 3 and 300 cm 3 , respectively, demonstrating a significant scale-up in operating volume. This is the first study to report on a potentially scalable direct genetic engineering method for established non-competent biofilms, which can be exploited in enhancing their capability towards environmental, industrial and medical applications., (© 2021 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.)
Published: 2021
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49. Reuse of face masks among adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author: Lee LY, Chan IC, Wong OP, Ng YH, Ng CK, Chan MH, Ng JK, Koo HH, Lam ST, Chu AC, Wong RY, Leung HP, and Pun AL
Subjects: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hong Kong epidemiology, Humans, Masks, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Pandemics prevention & control
Abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, over 99% of adults in Hong Kong use face masks in public. With the limited supply of face masks in the market and the uncertainty about the future development of COVID-19, reusing face masks is a legitimate way to reduce usage. Although this practice is not recommended, reusing face masks is common in Hong Kong. This study aimed to examine the practice of reusing face masks among adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with their health beliefs toward this health crisis., Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A quota sample of 1000 adults was recruited in Hong Kong in April 2020. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the subjects were invited to answer questions on their practice of reusing face masks and health beliefs toward COVID-19 through telephone interview. Their practice on reuse, storage, and decontamination of used face masks were summarized by descriptive statistics. The difference in health beliefs between the subjects who reused and did not reuse face masks was examined by conducting an independent t test. The association between health beliefs and reuse of face masks was determined by conducting a logistic regression analysis., Results: One-third (n = 345, 35.4%) of the subjects reused face masks in an average of 2.5 days. Among them, 207 subjects stored and 115 subjects decontaminated their used face masks by using various methods. The subjects who reused face masks significantly perceived having inadequate face masks (t = 3.905; p < 0.001). Having a higher level of perception of having inadequate face masks increased the likelihood of reusing face masks (OR = 0.784; CI 95%: 0.659-0.934; p = 0.006)., Conclusion: Despite having 90 face masks in stock, the adults who reused face masks significantly perceived that they had inadequate face masks. Concerted effort of health care professionals, community organizations, and the government will improve individuals' practice in use of face masks and alleviate their actual and perceived feeling of having inadequate face masks, which lead them to reuse.
Published: 2021
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50. A territory-wide study on the factors associated with recurrent asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalization in Hong Kong.

Author: Chan KP, Ko FWS, Ling KC, Cheung PS, Chan LV, Chan YH, Lo YT, Ng CK, Lui MM, Yee KSW, Tseng CZS, Tse PY, Wong MLM, Choo KL, Lam WK, Wong CM, Ho SS, Lun CT, and Lai CKW
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disease Progression, Female, Hong Kong epidemiology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma therapy
Abstract: Background: The real-world relationships between the demographic and clinical characteristics of asthma patients, their prehospitalization management and the frequency of hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation is poorly established., Objective: To determine the risk factors of recurrent asthma exacerbations requiring hospitalizations and evaluate the standard of baseline asthma care., Methods: A territory-wide, multicentre retrospective study in Hong Kong was performed. Medical records of patients aged ≥18 years admitted to 11 acute general hospitals from January 1 to December 31, 2016 for asthma exacerbations were reviewed., Results: There were 2280 patients with 3154 admissions (36.7% male, median age 66.0 [interquartile range: 48.0-81.0] years, 519 had ≥2 admissions). Among them, 1830 (80.3%) had at least one asthma-associated comorbidity, 1060 (46.5%) and 885 (38.9%) of patients had Accident and Emergency Department (AED) attendance and hospitalization in the preceding year, respectively. Patients with advancing age (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.003 for every year increment), a history of AED visits or hospitalization (IRR: 1.018 and 1.070 for every additional episode, respectively) for asthma exacerbation in the preceding year, the presence of neuropsychiatric (IRR: 1.142) and gastrointestinal (IRR: 1.154) comorbidities were risk factors for an increasing number of admissions for asthma exacerbation. For patients with ≥2 admissions, 17.1% were not prescribed inhaled corticosteroid and only 44.6% had spirometry checked before the index admission. Asthma phenotyping was often incomplete, as assessment of atopy (total serum immunoglobulin E level and senitization to aeroallergens) was only performed in 30 (5.8%) patients with ≥2 admissions., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Improving asthma care, especially in elderly patients with a prior history of urgent healthcare utilization and comorbidities, may help reduce healthcare burden. Suboptimal management before the index admission was common in patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbations. Early identification of patients at risk and enhancement of baseline asthma management may help to prevent recurrent asthma exacerbation and subsequent hospitalization., (© 2021 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2021
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