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9. Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

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Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Ambrogi, F., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Ero, J., Del, Valle, Escalante, A., Flechl, M., Fruhwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Kratschmer, I, Liko, D., Madlener, T., Mikulec, I, Rad, N., Schieck, J., Schofbeck, R., Spanring, M., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C-E, Zarucki, M., Drugakov, V, Mossolov, V, Gonzalez, Suarez, J., Darwish, M. R., Wolf, De, E. A., Croce, Di, Janssen, D., Kello, X., Lelek, T., Pieters, A., Sfar, M., Rejeb, H., Van, Haevermaet, Van, Mechelen, Van, Putte, Van, Remortel, Blekman, N., Bols, F., Chhibra, E. S., D'Hondt, S. S., Clercq, De, Lontkovskyi, J., Lowette, D., Marchesini, S., Moortgat, I, Python, S., Tavernier, Q., Van, Doninck, Van, Mulders, Beghin, P., Bilin, D., Clerbaux, B., Lentdecker, De, Delannoy, G., Dorney, H., Favart, B., Grebenyuk, L., Kalsi, A., Moureaux, A. K., Popov, L., Postiau, A., Starling, N., Thomas, E., L. V., Velde, Er, Vanlaer, C., Vannerom, P., Cornelis, D., Dobur, T., Khvastunov, D., Niedziela, I, Roskas, M., Skovpen, C., Tytgat, K., Verbeke, M., Vermassen, W., Vit, B., Bruno, M., Caputo, G., David, C., Delaere, P., Delcourt, C., Giammanco, M., Lemaitre, A., Prisci, V, Aro, J., Saggio, A., Vischia, P., Zobec, J., Alves, G. A., Silva, Correia, G., Hensel, C., Moraes, A., Batista Das Chagas, Belchior, E., Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Coelho, E., Costa, Da, E. M., Silveira, Da, Damiao, G. G., De Jesus, D., Martins, De Oliveira, C., Souza, De, Fonseca, S., Malbouisson, H., Martins, J., Figueiredo, Matos, D., Jaime, Medina, M., Almeida, De, Melo, M., Herrera, Mora, C., Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Prado Da Silva, Teles, W. L., Rebello, P., Rosas, Sanchez, L. J., Santoro, A., Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Tonelli, Manganote, E. J., Da Silva De Araujo, Torres, F., Pereira, Vilela, A., Bernardes, C. A., Calligaris, L., Fern, ez Perez Tomei, Gregores, T. R., Lemos, E. M., Mercadante, D. S., Novaes, P. G., Padula, S. F., S, Ra, S., Aleks, Rov, Antchev, A., Hadjiiska, G., Iaydjiev, R., Misheva, P., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, M., Bonchev, G., Dimitrov, M., Ivanov, A., Litov, T., Pavlov, L., Petkov, B., Petrov, P., Fang, A., Gao, W., Yuan, X., Ahmad, L., Hu, M., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Jiang, M., Leggat, C. H., Liao, D., Liu, H., Spiezia, Z., Tao, A., Yazgan, J., Zhang, E., Zhang, H., Zhao, S., Agapitos, J., Ban, A., Levin, G., Li, A., Li, J., Li, L., Mao, Q., Qian, Y., Wang, S. J., Wang, D., Xiao, Q., Avila, M., Cabrera, C., Florez, A., Gonzalez, Hern, C. F., Ez, Segura, Delgado, M. A., Mejia, Guisao, Ruiz, Alvarez, J. D., Salazar, Gonzalez, C. A., Vanegas, Arbelaez, Godinovic, N., Lelas, N., Puljak, D., Sculac, I, Antunovic, T., Kovac, Z., Brigljevic, M., Ferencek, V, Kadija, D., Mesic, K., Roguljic, B., Starodumov, M., Susa, A., Ather, T., Attikis, M. W., Erodotou, A., Ioannou, E., Kolosova, A., Konstantinou, M., Mavromanolakis, S., Mousa, G., Nicolaou, J., Ptochos, C., Razis, F., Rykaczewski, P. A., Saka, H., Tsiakkouri, H., Finger, D., Finger, M., r. M., J, Kveton, A., Tomsa, J., Ayala, E., Jarrin, Carrera, E., Mahmoud, M. A., Mohammed, Y., Bhowmik, S., Antunes De Oliveira, Carvalho, A., Dewanjee, R. K., Ehataht, K., Kadastik, M., Raidal, M., Veelken, C., Eerola, P., Forthomme, L., Kirschenmann, H., Osterberg, K., Voutilainen, M., Garcia, F., Havukainen, J., Heikkila, J. K., Karimaki, V, Kim, M. S., Kinnunen, R., Lampen, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Laurila, S., Lehti, S., Linden, T., Siikonen, H., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Luukka, P., Tuuva, T., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Fabbro, B., Faure, J. L., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., Monchenault, De, Hamel, G., Jarry, P., Leloup, C., Lenzi, B., Locci, E., Malcles, J., R, Er, Rosowsky, J., Sahin, A., Savoy-Navarro, M. O., Titov, A., Yu, M., Ahuja, G. B., Amendola, S., Beaudette, C., Bonanomi, F., Busson, M., Charlot, P., Diab, C., Falmagne, B., Cassagnac, De, Granier, R., Kucher, I, Lobanov, A., Perez, Martin, C., Nguyen, M., Och, O, Paganini, C., Rembser, P., Salerno, J., Sauvan, R., Sirois, J. B., Zabi, Y., Zghiche, A., Agram, A., J-L, Rea, Bloch, J., Bourgatte, D., Brom, G., J-M, Chabert, Collard, E. C., Conte, C., Fontaine, E., J-C, Gele, Goerlach, D., Grimault, U., Bihan, Le, A-C, Tonon, Van, Hove, Gadrat, P., Beauceron, S., Bernet, S., Boudoul, C., Camen, G., Carle, C., Chanon, A., Chierici, N., Contardo, R., Depasse, D., Mamouni, El, Fay, H., Gascon, J., Gouzevitch, S., Ille, M., Jain, B., Laktineh, Sa, Lattaud, I. B., Lesauvage, H., Lethuillier, A., Mirabito, M., Perries, L., Sordini, S., Torterotot, V, Touquet, L., G. V., Donckt, Er, Viret, M., Toriashvili, S., Tsamalaidze, T., Autermann, Z., Feld, C., Klein, L., Lipinski, K., Meuser, M., Pauls, D., Preuten, A., Rauch, M., Schulz, M. P., Teroerde, J., Erdmann, M., Fischer, M., Ghosh, B., Hebbeker, S., Hoepfner, T., Keller, K., Mastrolorenzo, H., Merschmeyer, L., Meyer, M., Millet, A., Mocellin, P., Mondal, G., Mukherjee, S., Noll, S., Novak, D., Pook, A., Pozdnyakov, T., Quast, A., Radziej, T., Rath, M., Reithler, Y., Roemer, H., Schmidt, J., Schuler, A., Sharma, S. C., Wiedenbeck, A., Zaleski, S., Flugge, S., Ahmad, G., Haj, W., Hlushchenko, O., Kress, T., Muller, T., Nowack, A., Pistone, C., Pooth, O., Roy, D., Sert, H., Stahl, A., Martin, Aldaya, M., Asmuss, P., Babounikau, I, Bakhshiansohi, H., Beernaert, K., Behnke, O., Martinez, Bermudez, A., Bin, Anuar, Borras, A. A., Botta, K., Campbell, V, Cardini, A., Connor, A., Rodriguez, P., Consuegra, S., Contreras-Campana, C., Danilov, V, Wit, De, Defranchis, A., Pardos, M. M., Diez, C., Damiani, Dominguez, D., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Elwood, A., Eren, E., Banos, Estevez, L. I., Gallo, E., Geiser, A., Grohsjean, A., Guthoff, M., Haranko, M., Harb, A., Jafari, A., Jomhari, N. Z., Jung, H., Kasem, A., Kasemann, M., Kaveh, H., Keaveney, J., Kleinwort, C., Knolle, J., Krucker, D., Lange, W., Lenz, T., Lidrych, J., Lipka, K., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Meyer, A. B., Missiroli, M., Mnich, J., Mussgiller, A., Myronenko, V, Adan, Perez, D., Pflitsch, S. K., Pitzl, D., Raspereza, A., Saibel, A., Savitskyi, M., Scheurer, V, Schutze, P., Schwanenberger, C., Shevchenko, R., Singh, A., Ricardo, Sosa, R. E., Tholen, H., Turkot, O., Vagnerini, A., Van De Klundert, Walsh, M., Wen, R., Wichmann, Y., Wissing, K., Zenaiev, C., Zlebcik, O., Aggleton, R., Bein, R., Benato, S., Benecke, L., Dreyer, A., Ebrahimi, T., Feindt, A., Frohlich, F., Garbers, A., Garutti, C., Gonzalez, E., Gunnellini, D., Haller, P., Hinzmann, J., Karavdina, A., Kasieczka, A., Klanner, G., Kogler, R., Kovalchuk, R., Kurz, N., Kutzner, S., Lange, V, Lange, J., Malara, T., Multhaup, A., Niemeyer, J., Reimers, C. E. N., Rieger, A., Schleper, O., Schumann, P., Schw, S., T, J., Sonneveld, J., Stadie, H., Steinbruck, G., Vormwald, B., Zoi, I, Akbiyik, M., Baselga, M., Baur, S., Berger, T., Butz, E., Caspart, R., Chwalek, T., Boer, De, Dierlamm, W., Morabit, El, Faltermann, K., Giffels, N., Gottmann, M., Hartmann, A., Heidecker, F., Husemann, C., Iqbal, U., Kudella, M. A., Maier, S., Mitra, S., Mozer, S., Muller, M. U., Muller, D., Musich, Th, Nurnberg, M., Rabbertz, G., Savoiu, K., Schafer, D., Schnepf, D., Schroder, M., Shvetsov, M., Simonis, I, Ulrich, H. J., Wassmer, R., Weber, M., Wohrmann, M., Wolf, C., Wozniewski, R., Anagnostou, S., Asenov, G., Daskalakis, P., Geralis, G., Kyriakis, T., Loukas, A., Paspalaki, D., Stakia, G., Diamantopoulou, A., Karathanasis, M., Kontaxakis, G., Manousakis-katsikakis, P., Panagiotou, A., Papavergou, A., Saoulidou, I, Theofilatos, N., Vellidis, K., Vourliotis, K., Bakas, E., Kousouris, G., Papakrivopoulos, K., Tsipolitis, I, Zacharopoulou, G., Evangelou, A., Foudas, I, Gianneios, C., Katsoulis, P., Kokkas, P., Mallios, P., Manitara, S., Manthos, K., Papadopoulos, N., Strologas, I, Triantis, J., Tsitsonis, F. A., Bartok, D., Chudasama, M., Csanad, R., Major, M., P. M., Al, K., Mehta, A., Pasztor, G., Suranyi, O., Veres, I, Bencze, G., Hajdu, G., Horvath, C., Sikler, D., Veszpremi, F., Vesztergombi, V., Beni, G., Czellar, N., Karancsi, S., Molnar, J., Szillasi, J., Raics, Z., Teyssier, P., Trocsanyi, D., Ujvari, Z. L., Csorgo, B., Metzger, T., Nemes, W. J., Novak, F., Choudhury, T., Komaragiri, S., Tiwari, J. R., Bahinipati, P. C., Kar, S., Kole, C., Mal, G., Bindhu, P., Muraleedharan Nair, V. K., Nayak, A., Sahoo, D. K., Swain, S. K., Bansal, S., Beri, S. B., Bhatnagar, V, Chauhan, S., Dhingra, N., Gupta, R., Kaur, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, S., Kumari, P., Lohan, M., Meena, M., Eep, S, Sharma, K., Singh, S., Virdi, J. B., Walia, A. K., Bhardwaj, G., Choudhary, A., Garg, B. C., Gola, R. B., Keshri, M., Kumar, S., Ashok, Naimuddin, Priyanka, M., Ranjan, P., Shah, K., Aashaq, Sharma, Bhardwaj, R., Bharti, R., Bhattacharya, M., Bhattacharya, R., Bhaw, S., Eep, U., Bhowmik, D., Dutta, S., Ghosh, S., Gomber, B., Maity, M., Mondal, K., N, An, Purohit, S., Rout, A., Saha, P. K., Sarkar, G., Sharan, S., Singh, M., Thakur, B., Behera, S., Behera, P. K., Kalbhor, S. C., Muhammad, P., Pujahari, A., Sharma, P. R., Sikdar, A., Dutta, A. K., Jha, D., Mishra, V, Netrakanti, D. K., Pant, P. K., Shukla, L. M., Aziz, P., Bhat, T., Dugad, M. A., Mohanty, S., Sur, G. B., Verma, N., Ravindra, Kumar, Banerjee, S., Bhattacharya, S., Chatterjee, S., Das, P., Guchait, M., Karmakar, S., Majumder, G., Mazumdar, K., Sahoo, N., Sawant, S., Dube, S., Kansal, B., Kapoor, A., Kothekar, K., P, Ey, Rane, S., Rastogi, A., Sharma, A., Chenarani, S., Etesami, S., Khakzad, S. M., Najafabadi, M., Mohammadi, M., Naseri, M., Hosseinabadi, Rezaei, F., Felcini, M., Grunewald, M., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Calabria, C., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., Cristella, L., Filippis, De, Palma, De, Florio, Di, Elmetenawee, A., Fiore, W., Gelmi, L., Iaselli, A., Ince, G., Lezki, M., Maggi, S., Maggi, G., Merlin, M., Miniello, J. A., My, G., Nuzzo, S., Pompili, S., Pugliese, A., Radogna, G., Ranieri, R., Selvaggi, A., Silvestris, G., Simone, L., Venditti, F. M., Verwilligen, R., Abbiendi, P., Battilana, G., Bonacorsi, C., Borgonovi, D., Braibant-Giacomelli, L., Campanini, S., Capiluppi, R., Castro, P., Cavallo, A., Codispoti, F. R., Cuffiani, G., Dallavalle, M., Fabbri, G. M., Fanfani, F., Fontanesi, A., Giacomelli, E., Giommi, P., Gr, L., I, C., Guiducci, L., Iemmi, F., Meo, Lo, Marcellini, S., Masetti, S., Navarria, G., Perrotta, F. L., Primavera, A., Rossi, F., Rovelli, A. M., Siroli, T., Tosi, G. P., Albergo, N., Costa, S., Mattia, Di, Potenza, A., Tricomi, R., Tuve, A., Barbagli, C., Cassese, G., Ceccarelli, A., Ciulli, R., Civinini, V, D'Aless, C., Ro, R., Fiori, F., Focardi, E., Latino, G., Lenzi, P., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Sguazzoni, G., Viliani, L., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Bozzo, M., Ferro, F., Mulargia, R., Robutti, E., Tosi, S., Benaglia, A., Beschi, A., Brivio, F., Ciriolo, V, Dinardo, M. E., Dini, P., Gennai, S., Ghezzi, A., Govoni, P., Guzzi, L., Malberti, M., Malvezzi, S., Menasce, D., Monti, F., Moroni, L., Paganoni, M., Pedrini, D., Ragazzi, S., Fatis, De, Tabarelli, T., Valsecchi, D., Zuolo, D., Buontempo, S., Cavallo, N., Iorio, De, Crescenzo, Di, Fabozzi, A., Fienga, F., Galati, F., Iorio, G., Layer, A. O. M., Lista, L., Meola, L., Paolucci, S., Rossi, P., Sciacca, B., Voevodina, C., Azzi, E., Bacchetta, P., Bisello, N., Boletti, D., Bragagnolo, A., Carlin, A., Checchia, R., Manzano, P., De Castro, P., Dorigo, T., Dosselli, U., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gozzelino, A., Hoh, S. Y., Margoni, M., Meneguzzo, A. T., Pazzini, J., Presilla, M., Ronchese, P., Rossin, R., Simonetto, F., Tiko, A., Tosi, M., Zanetti, M., Zotto, P., Zucchetta, A., Zumerle, G., Braghieri, A., Fiorina, D., Montagna, P., Ratti, S. P., Re, V, Ressegotti, M., Riccardi, C., Salvini, P., Vai, I, Vitulo, P., Biasini, M., Bilei, G. M., Ciangottini, D., Fano, L., Lariccia, P., Leonardi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovani, G., Mariani, V, Menichelli, M., Rossi, A., Santocchia, A., Spiga, D., Rosov, K., Azzurri, P., Bagliesi, G., Bertacchi, V, Bianchini, L., Boccali, T., Castaldi, R., Ciocci, M. A., Dell'Orso, R., Donato, S., Giannini, L., Giassi, A., Grippo, M. T., Ligabue, F., Manca, E., Orli, M, Messineo, G., Palla, A., Rizzi, F., Rol, A., I, G., Chowdhury, Roy, S., Scribano, A., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Tonelli, G., Turini, N., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Cavallari, F., Cipriani, M., Del, Re, Marco, Di, Diemoz, E., Longo, M., Meridiani, E., Organtini, P., G. P., Olfi, F., Paramatti, R., Quaranta, C., Rahatlou, S., Rovelli, C., Santanastasio, F., Soffi, L., Tramontano, R., Amapane, N., Arcidiacono, R., Argiro, S., Arneodo, M., Bartosik, N., Bellan, R., Bellora, A., Biino, C., Cappati, A., Cartiglia, N., Cometti, S., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Demaria, N., Fern, Ez, Gonzalez, J. R., Kiani, B., Legger, F., Mariotti, C., Maselli, S., Migliore, E., Monaco, V, Monteil, E., Monteno, M., Obertino, M. M., Ortona, G., Pacher, L., Pastrone, N., Pelliccioni, M., Angioni, Pinna, G. L., Romero, A., Ruspa, M., Salvatico, R., Sola, V, Solano, A., Soldi, D., Staiano, A., Trocino, D., Belforte, S., Elise, C, Casarsa, V, Cossutti, M., Rold, Da, Della, Ricca, Vazzoler, G., Zanetti, F., Kim, A., Kim, B., Kim, D. H., Lee, G. N., Lee, J., Moon, S. W., C. S., Oh, Pak, Y. D., I, S., Sekmen, S., Son, D. C., Yang, Y. C., Kim, H., Moon, D. H., Francois, B., Kim, T. J., Park, J., Cho, S., Choi, S., Go, Y., Ha, S., Hong, B., Lee, K., Lee, K. S., Lim, J., Park, S. K., Roh, Y., Yoo, J., Goh, J., Kim, H. S., Almond, J., Bhyun, J. H., Choi, J., Jeon, S., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Lee, H., Lee, S., Nam, K., Oh, M., S. B., Oh, Radburn-Smith, B. C., Yang, U. K., Yoo, H. D., Yoon, I, Jeon, D., Kim, J. H., Lee, J. S. H., Park, I. C., Watson, I. J., Choi, Y., Hwang, C., Jeong, Y., Lee, Y., Yu, I, Veckalns, V., Dudenas, V, Juodagalvis, A., Rinkevicius, A., Tamulaitis, G., Vaitkus, J., Idris, Mohamad, F., Abdullah, Wan, W. A. T., Yusli, M. N., Zolkapli, Z., Benitez, J. F., Hern, Ez, Castaneda, A., Quijada, Murillo, J. A., Palomo, Valencia, L., Castilla-Valdez, H., De La Cruz-Burelo, Heredia-De La Cruz, Lopez-Fern, I, Ez, R., Sanchez-Hern, Ez, Moreno, A., Carrillo, S., Oropeza, Barrera, Ramirez-Garcia, C., Vazquez, Valencia, Eysermans, F., Pedraza, J., I, Salazar, Ibarguen, H. A., Uribe, Estrada, Pineda, C., Morelos, A., Mijuskovic, J., Raicevic, N., Krofcheck, D., Bheesette, S., Butler, P. H., Lujan, P., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, M., Awan, M. I. M., Hassan, Q., Hoorani, H. R., Khan, W. A., Shah, M. A., Shoaib, M., Waqas, M., Avati, V, Grzanka, L., Malawski, M., Bialkowska, H., Bluj, M., Boimska, B., Gorski, M., Kazana, M., Szleper, M., Zalewski, P., Bunkowski, K., Byszuk, A., Doroba, K., Kalinowski, A., Konecki, M., Krolikowski, J., Olszewski, M., Walczak, M., Araujo, M., Bargassa, P., Bastos, D., Francesco, Di, Faccioli, A., Galinhas, P., Gallinaro, B., Hollar, M., Leonardo, J., Niknejad, N., Seixas, T., Shchelina, J., Strong, K., Toldaiev, G., Varela, O., Afanasiev, J., Bunin, S., Ershov, P., Golutvin, Y., Gorbunov, I, Kamenev, I, Karjavine, A., Korenkov, V, Lanev, V, Malakhov, A., Matveev, A., Mitsyn, V, Moisenz, V. V., Palichik, P., Perelygin, V, Shmatov, V, Skatchkov, S., Yuldashev, N., Zarubin, B. S., Zhiltsov, A., Chtchipounov, V, Golovtcov, L., Ivanov, V, Kim, Y., Kuznetsova, V, Levchenko, E., Murzin, P., Oreshkin, V, Smirnov, V, Sosnov, I, Sulimov, D., Uvarov, V, Vorobyev, L., Reev, A., Dermenev, Yu, Gninenko, A., Golubev, S., Karneyeu, N., Kirsanov, A., Krasnikov, M., Pashenkov, N., Tlisov, A., Toropin, D., Epshteyn, A., Gavrilov, V, Lychkovskaya, V, Nikitenko, N., Popov, A., Pozdnyakov, V, Safronov, I, Spiridonov, G., Stepennov, A., Toms, A., Vlasov, M., Zhokin, E., Aushev, A., Bychkova, T., Chistov, O., Danilov, R., Polikarpov, M., Tarkovskii, S., Reev, E., Azarkin, V, Dremin, M., Kirakosyan, I, Terkulov, M., Belyaev, A., Boos, A., Demiyanov, E., Ershov, A., Gribushin, A., Kodolova, A., Korotkikh, O., Lokhtin, V, Obraztsov, I, Petrushanko, S., Savrin, S., Snigirev, V, Vardanyan, A., Barnyakov, I, Blinov, A., Dimova, V, Kardapoltsev, T., Skovpen, L., Azhgirey, Y., Bayshev, I, Bitioukov, I, Kachanov, S., Konstantinov, V, D. M., Rik, P., Petrov, V, Ryutin, R., Slabospitskii, S., Sobol, A., Troshin, S., Tyurin, N., Uzunian, A., Volkov, A., Babaev, A., Iuzhakov, A., Okhotnikov, V, Borchsh, V, Ivanchenko, V, Tcherniaev, E., Adzic, P., Cirkovic, P., Dordevic, M., Milenovic, P., Milosevic, J., Stojanovic, M., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Alcaraz, Maestre, Alvarez, Fern, Ez, A., Bachiller, I, Barrio, Luna, Bedoya, M., Cristina, F., Brochero, Cifuentes, J. A., Carrillo, Montoya, Cepeda, C. A., Cerrada, M., Colino, M., De la Cruz, Delgado, Peris, Fern, A., Ramos, Ez, Flix, J. P., Fouz, J., M. C., Gonzalez, Lopez, Goy, Lopez, Hern, S., J. M., Ez, Josa, I, Moran, M., Navarro, Tobar, Perez-Calero, Yzquierdo, Puerta, Pelayo, Redondo, J., Romero, I, Sanchez, Navas, Soares, S., Triossi, M. S., Willmott, A., Albajar, C., Troconiz, De, Reyes-Almanza, J. F., Alvarez, Gonzalez, Cuevas, B., Erice, J., Fern, C., Menendez, Ez, Folgueras, J., Gonzalez, Caballero, Palencia, Cortezon, Ramon, Alvarez, Rodriguez, Bouza, V, Sanchez, Cruz, Cabrillo, S., Calderon, I. J., Chazin, Quero, Duarte, Campderros, Fern, J., Ez, M., Manteca, Ez, P. J., Garcia, Alonso, Gomez, A., Martinez, Rivero, Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, Matorras, P., Piedra, Gomez, Prieels, J., Ricci-Tam, C., Rodrigo, F., Ruiz-Jimeno, T., Russo, A., Scodellaro, L., Vila, L., Vizan, Garcia, Sonnadara, J. M., Dharmaratna, D. U. J., Wickramage, W. G. D., Aarrestad, N., Abbaneo, T. K., Akgun, D., Auffray, B., Auzinger, E., Baechler, G., Baillon, J., Ball, P., Barney, A. 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E., Sturdy, N., Thapa, J., Black, P., Bose, K., Buchanan, T., Caillol, J., Carlsmith, C., Dasu, D., Bruyn, De, Dodd, I, Galloni, L., He, C., Herndon, H., Herve, M., Hussain, A., Lanaro, U., Loeliger, A., Loveless, A., Sreekala, R., Madhusudanan, J., Mallampalli, A., Pinna, D., Ruggles, T., Savin, A., Sharma, V, Smith, W. H., Teague, D., Trembath-reichert, S., and Cms, Collaboration

Subjects
MODEL, Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, QUARK-GLUON PLASMA, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The first evidence for X(3872) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. The X(3872) production is studied in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair, using the decay chain X(3872) -> J/psi pi(+)pi(-) -> mu(+) mu(-) pi(+)pi(-). The data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The measurement is performed in the rapidity and transverse momentum ranges vertical bar y vertical bar < 1.6 and 15 < p(T) < 50 GeV/c. The significance of the inclusive X(3872) signal is 4.2 standard deviations. The prompt X(3872) to psi 2S yield ratio is found to be rho(Pb-Pb) = 1.08 +/- 0.49(stat) +/- 0.52(syst), to be compared with typical values of 0.1 for pp collisions. This result provides a unique experimental input to theoretical models of the X(3872) production mechanism, and of the nature of this exotic state.

Published
2022

12. Normalization of EEG in depression after antidepressant treatment with sertraline? A preliminary report

Author

Kamran Fallahpour, N. van der Vinne, M.J.A.M. van Putten, Madelon A. Vollebregt, Nash N. Boutros, Martijn Arns, and Clinical Neurophysiology

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Paroxysmal, Antidepressant, Venlafaxine, Citalopram, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Preliminary report, Sertraline, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Escitalopram, EEG, Depressive Disorder, Major, medicine.diagnostic_test, Depression, business.industry, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Personalized medicine, 22/4 OA procedure, Antidepressive Agents, 030227 psychiatry, Alpha Rhythm, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Treatment Outcome, Multicenter study, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background MDD patients with abnormal EEG patterns seem more likely to be non-responsive to the antidepressants escitalopram and venlafaxine, but not sertraline, than patients without EEG abnormalities. This finding suggests that patients with both MDD and abnormal EEGs may differentially respond to antidepressant treatment. In the current study, we investigated whether depressed patients with an abnormal EEG show a normalization of the EEG related to antidepressant treatment and response and whether such effect is drug specific, and whether having had early life stress (ELS) increases the chance of abnormal activity. Methods Baseline and week 8 EEGs and depression symptoms were extracted from a large multicenter study (iSPOT-D, n = 1008) where depressed patients were randomized to escitalopram, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR treatment. We calculated Odds Ratios of EEG normalization and depression response in patients with an abnormal EEG at baseline, comparing sertraline versus other antidepressants. Results Fifty seven patients with abnormal EEGs were included. EEGs did not normalize significantly more with sertraline compared to other antidepressants (OR = 1.9, p = .280). However, patients with a normalized EEG taking sertraline were 5.2 times more likely to respond than subjects taking other antidepressants (p = .019). ELS was not significantly related to abnormal activity. Limitations Neurophysiological recordings were limited in time (two times 2-minute EEGs) and statistical power (n = 57 abnormal EEGs). Conclusions Response rates in patients with normalized EEG taking sertraline were significantly larger than in subjects treated with escitalopram/venlafaxine. This adds to personalized medicine and suggests a possible drug repurposing for sertraline.

Published
2019
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13. Diagnostic Utility of Sodium Lactate Infusion and CO2-35% Inhalation for Panic Disorder

Author

Nash N. Boutros and Andrew D Wiese

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Co2 inhalation, Inhalation, business.industry, Panic disorder, Diagnostic test, Panic, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, chemistry, Chemical agents, Emergency medicine, medicine, Sodium lactate, medicine.symptom, business, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract

Laboratory measures have played an integral role in diagnosing pathology; however, compared to traditional medicine, psychiatric medicine has lagged behind in using such measures. A growing body of literature has begun to examine the viability and development of different laboratory measures in order to diagnose psychopathologies. The present review examines the current state of development of both sodium lactate infusion and CO2-35% inhalation as potential ancillary measures to diagnose panic disorder (PD). A previously established 3-step approach to identifying laboratory-based diagnostic tests was applied to available literature assessing the ability of both sodium lactate infusion or CO2-35% inhalation to induce panic attacks in PD patients, healthy controls, and individuals with other psychiatric conditions. Results suggest that across the literature reviewed, individuals with PD were more likely to exhibit panic attacks following administration of sodium lactate or CO2-35% compared to control participants. The majority of the studies examined only compared individuals with PD to healthy controls, suggesting that these ancillary measures are underdeveloped. In order to further determine the utility of these ancillary measures, research is needed to determine if panic attacks following administration of these chemical agents are unique to PD, or if individuals with related pathologies also respond, which may be indicative of transdiagnostic characteristics found across disorders.

Published
2019
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14. Humanist Psychiatry, 2nd Edition

Author

Nash N. Boutros and Nash N. Boutros

Subjects
Psychiatry
Abstract

Humanism is an optimistic philosophy that believes in the scientific process, human worth and dignity, and the ability of humankind to solve its problems no matter how complicated. “Humanist Psychiatry, 2nd Edition” is not about the practice of psychiatry, but rather about how the field is conceptualized, organized, and propelled forward. Despite the huge advances in the neurosciences in the last 30 to 40 years, the practice of psychiatry has remained stagnant except for a few newer and safer medications. This book is an outcry for all who care about human suffering in any form but particularly in the form of psychiatric disorders. The principle of worth and dignity does not place a price, nor take into consideration, the cost of taking care of human beings. Psychiatric disorders remain devastatingly widespread, under-recognized and under-treated worldwide. Psychiatric disorders are among the most common causes for disability and lost productivity. Psychiatric patients have lives that are 15 to 20 years shorter than mentally healthy populations. Advances in neuroscience research clearly and overwhelmingly point to the eventual unraveling of the mysteries of the brain. We, in psychiatry, cannot wait the decades it will take to fully understand the brain. The term “mental” embodies the duality of mind-brain or mental-physical. Doing away with this duality is our first step to burying stigma and relegating it to medical history. “Humanist Psychiatry” begins by summarizing the humanist principles, then discusses how the biology principle should guide advances in psychiatric research and how psychiatry research could be organized. The book addresses issues of education and practice from a humanist's viewpoint. The book then goes into more specific areas of practice, like correctional and addiction psychiatry, discussing how practice adhering to the humanist principles would impact the field. The current edition of Humanist Psychiatry deals with controversial issues like drug legalization and whether psychiatry should have its own school instead of being a branch of medicine. Finally, the book discusses the issue of stigma and how humanism can help speed up the dissipation of the stigma associated with psychiatric disorders. The 2nd edition of Humanist Psychiatry has widened its scope to address all professionals working in the field, such as social workers, psychologists and addiction therapists in addition to all those who care about the issue of psychiatric disorders from community organizers to legislators.

Published
2022

16. A magnetoencephalography investigation of coherence source imaging in panic disorder

Author

Zach Thomas, Jocelyn Pearson, Seung-Suk Kang, Susan M. Bowyer, Kemal Sagduyu, Nash N. Boutros, and Kathleen M. Gustafson

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Audiology, Brain mapping, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Source imaging, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Panic disorder, Magnetoencephalography, Panic, Magnetic resonance imaging, Coherence (statistics), Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Case-Control Studies, Panic Disorder, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Limbic and frontal structures are largely implicated in panic disorder (PD). Decreased coherence imaging values, as determined by magnetoencephalography (MEG), are suggestive of decreased or inefficient communication among these structures. We have previously demonstrated that coherence source imaging (CSI) values could be similar or higher in some PD patients. The purpose of the current investigation was to replicate these finding in a larger sample. Nine strictly diagnosed PD patients and nine age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were examined. The CSI-MEG values of 26 frontotemporal regions (FTRs) and 28 extra-frontotemporal regions (ex-FTR; Brodmann areas) were determined for each participant. MEG scans were acquired using a 151-channel whole-head biomagnetometer system. Despite the relatively small sample size, CSI values were significantly lower in a number of FTRs in PD patients. In none of the ex-FTRs (i.e. posterior regions) were there differences between panic and control groups. The above data add to the complexity of understanding the nature of the pathophysiology of PD. Our finding of decreased focal coherence imaging values may reflect decreased excitability in these areas. The preliminary finding could be interpreted as an inhibitory process guarding against the spread of activity in closer hyperexcitable areas as seen in epilepsy. The current data provide evidence for dysfunctional communication within the frontotemporal structures. The findings have implications for the understanding of the neural circuitry underlying PD.

Published
2017
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17. Consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers: criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia part I: neurophysiology

Author

Nash N. Boutros, Florence Thibaut, Zafiris Jeffrey Daskalakis, Adam Wichniak, Wfsbp Task Force on Biological Markers, Marek Jarema, Alkomiet Hasan, Andrea Schmitt, Peter Riederer, Peter Falkai, and Bob Oranje

Subjects
Psychosis, Consensus, genetic structures, medicine.diagnostic_test, Endophenotypes, Electrodiagnosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, behavioral disciplines and activities, Smooth pursuit, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Endophenotype, Brain stimulation, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Neuroscience, Biomarkers, Societies, Medical, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract

The neurophysiological components that have been proposed as biomarkers or as endophenotypes for schizophrenia can be measured through electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), polysomnography (PSG), registration of event-related potentials (ERPs), assessment of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and antisaccade paradigms. Most of them demonstrate deficits in schizophrenia, show at least moderate stability over time and do not depend on clinical status, which means that they fulfil the criteria as valid endophenotypes for genetic studies. Deficits in cortical inhibition and plasticity measured using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques seem promising markers of outcome and prognosis. However the utility of these markers as biomarkers for predicting conversion to psychosis, response to treatments, or for tracking disease progression needs to be further studied.

Published
2020

18. Isolated epileptiform activity in children and adolescents: prevalence, relevance, and implications for treatment

Author

Ronald J, Swatzyna, Martijn, Arns, Jay D, Tarnow, Robert P, Turner, Emma, Barr, Erin K, MacInerney, Anne M, Hoffman, and Nash N, Boutros

Subjects
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Seizures, Prevalence, Humans, Electroencephalography, Child
Abstract

In the field of psychiatry diagnoses are primarily based on the report of symptoms from either the patient, parents, or both, and a psychiatrist's observations. A psychiatric diagnosis is currently the most widely used basis for medication selection and the brain is seldom investigated directly as a source of those symptoms. This study addresses the request from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC) for scientific research into neurological abnormalities that can be linked to psychiatric symptoms for the purpose of predicting medication response. One such neurological abnormality that has been the focus of many studies over the last three decades is isolated epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in children and adolescents without seizures. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine prevalence rates of IEDs within diagnostic categories. We then compared the prevalence of IEDs in the selected literature to our IRB-approved data archive. Our study found a consistent high prevalence of IEDs specifically for ADHD (majority 25%) and ASD (majority 59%), and consistent low prevalence rates were found for Depression (3%). If children and adolescents have failed multiple medication attempts, and more than one-third of them have IEDs, then an EEG would be justified within the RDoC paradigm.

Published
2020

19. Deficit Versus Nondeficit Schizophrenia: An MEG-EEG Investigation of Resting State and Source Coherence-Preliminary Data

Author

Klevest Gjini, Susan M. Bowyer, Nash N. Boutros, and Frank Wang

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Audiology, Electroencephalography, behavioral disciplines and activities, Beta band, medicine, Coherence (signal processing), Humans, Spectral analysis, Beta Rhythm, Physics, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Resting state fMRI, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Neurology, Schizophrenia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Preliminary Data
Abstract

This study investigated the magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG, respectively) resting state to identify the deviations closely associated with the deficit syndrome (DS) in schizophrenia patients. Ten subjects in each group (control, DS, and nondeficit schizophrenia [NDS]) were included. Subjects underwent MEG-EEG recordings during a resting state condition. MEG coherence source imaging (CSI) in source space and spectral analysis in sensor space were performed. Significant differences were found between the 2 patient groups: (1) MEG and EEG spectral analysis showed significantly higher power at low frequencies (delta band) at sensor space in DS compared with NDS patients; (2) source analysis revealed larger power in the DS compared with NDS group at low frequencies in the frontal region; (3) NDS patients showed significantly higher MEG signal relative power in beta bands in sensor space compared with DS patients; (4) both DS and NDS patients showed higher EEG absolute power at higher beta band compared to controls; and (5) patients with DS were found to have a significantly higher MEG CSI than controls in the beta frequency band. These data support the observation of increased power in the low-frequency EEG/MEG rhythms associated with the DS. Increased power in the beta rhythms was more associated with the NDS.

Published
2019

20. EEG Abnormalities Are Associated With Poorer Depressive Symptom Outcomes With Escitalopram and Venlafaxine-XR, but Not Sertraline

Author

Nash N. Boutros, Evian Gordon, and Martijn Arns

Subjects
Male, Neurology, Internationality, CHILDREN, Electroencephalography, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM, 0302 clinical medicine, epileptiform, Sertraline, EEG abnormality, ADOLESCENTS, TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY, EEG, medicine.diagnostic_test, Depression, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, General Medicine, Treatment Outcome, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Female, alpha frequency, Psychology, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Citalopram, Sensitivity and Specificity, VALIDATION, CLINICAL-TRIAL, PREDICT OPTIMIZED TREATMENT, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Escitalopram, Humans, Psychiatry, antidepressant, RECOGNITION, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Reproducibility of Results, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, paroxysmal, PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Rationale. Limited research is available on electrophysiological abnormalities such as epileptiform EEG or EEG slowing in depression and its association with antidepressant treatment response. Objectives. We investigated the association between EEG abnormalities and antidepressant treatment response in the international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D). Methods. Of 1008 participants with major depressive disorder randomized to escitalopram, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR, 622 completed 8 weeks of treatment per protocol. The study also recruited 336 healthy controls. Treatment response was established after 8 weeks using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17). The resting-state EEG was assessed at baseline with eyes closed. EEG abnormalities including epileptiform activity, EEG slowing, and alpha peak frequency (APF) were scored for all subjects, blind to treatment outcome. Results. Patients and controls did not differ in the occurrence of EEG abnormalities. Furthermore, in the per protocol sample the occurrence of epileptiform EEG and EEG slowing (as a combined marker) were associated with a reduced likelihood of responding to escitalopram ( P = .019; odds ratio [OR] = 3.56) and venlafaxine-XR ( P = .043; OR = 2.76), but not sertraline (OR = 0.73). The response rates for this “any EEG abnormality” groups versus the “no-abnormality” group were 33% and 64% for escitalopram and 41% and 66% for venlafaxine-XR, respectively. A slow APF was associated with treatment response only in the sertraline group ( P = .21; d = .027). Conclusions. EEG abnormalities are associated with nonresponse to escitalopram and venlafaxine-XR, but not sertraline, whereas a slow APF is associated to response for sertraline only.

Published
2017
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21. Thermoplastic infusible resin systems: candidates for the marine sector?

Author

Nash, N., Sirerol, C. B., Ioannis Manolakis, and Comer, A. J.

Subjects
Materials Science, Composites, Engineering, Marine
Abstract

This work investigated the feasibility of the use of a novel infusible thermoplastic resin (Elium 150 from Arkema) for composite laminate manufacture by resin infusion methods and possible application in the shipbuilding sector. We compared the properties of Elium glass-fibre laminates with those of laminates infused with state-of-the-art thermosetting epoxy and urethane acrylate resins. The Elium laminates matched the mechanical performance (flexure and interlaminar shear strength) of the epoxy and surpassed that of the urethane acrylate counterpart. However, the mechanical performance of the Elium laminates after immersion in water at 35 oC for 28 days deteriorated compared to urethane acrylate, but was comparable in flexural properties to that of the epoxy. The combination of superior mechanical performance coupled with acceptable environmental resistance and comparable composite laminate manufacturing conditions makes the infusible thermoplastic a possible future candidate matrix over commercial thermosetting resin options.

Published
2019

22. Diagnostic Utility of Sodium Lactate Infusion and CO2-35% Inhalation for Panic Disorder

Author

Andrew D, Wiese and Nash N, Boutros

Subjects
Sodium Lactate, Predictive Value of Tests, Administration, Inhalation, Humans, Panic Disorder, Carbon Dioxide, Infusions, Intravenous
Abstract

Laboratory measures have played an integral role in diagnosing pathology; however, compared to traditional medicine, psychiatric medicine has lagged behind in using such measures. A growing body of literature has begun to examine the viability and development of different laboratory measures in order to diagnose psychopathologies. The present review examines the current state of development of both sodium lactate infusion and CO2-35% inhalation as potential ancillary measures to diagnose panic disorder (PD). A previously established 3-step approach to identifying laboratory-based diagnostic tests was applied to available literature assessing the ability of both sodium lactate infusion or CO2-35% inhalation to induce panic attacks in PD patients, healthy controls, and individuals with other psychiatric conditions. Results suggest that across the literature reviewed, individuals with PD were more likely to exhibit panic attacks following administration of sodium lactate or CO2-35% compared to control participants. The majority of the studies examined only compared individuals with PD to healthy controls, suggesting that these ancillary measures are underdeveloped. In order to further determine the utility of these ancillary measures, research is needed to determine if panic attacks following administration of these chemical agents are unique to PD, or if individuals with related pathologies also respond, which may be indicative of transdiagnostic characteristics found across disorders.

Published
2019

23. Evoked Potentials Investigations of Deficit Versus Nondeficit Schizophrenia: EEG-MEG Preliminary Data

Author

Nash N. Boutros, Frank Wang, Susan M. Bowyer, and Klevest Gjini

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pilot Projects, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Gamma Rhythm, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked Potentials, Sensory gating, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Sensory Gating, medicine.disease, Event-Related Potentials, P300, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Acoustic Stimulation, Schizophrenia, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Heterogeneity of schizophrenia is a major obstacle toward understanding the disorder. One likely subtype is the deficit syndrome (DS) where patients suffer from predominantly negative symptoms. This study investigated the evoked responses and the evoked magnetic fields to identify the neurophysiological deviations associated with the DS. Ten subjects were recruited for each group (Control, DS, and Nondeficit schizophrenia [NDS]). Subjects underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) testing while listening to an oddball paradigm to generate the P300 as well as a paired click paradigm to generate the mid-latency auditory-evoked responses (MLAER) in a sensory gating paradigm. MEG–coherence source imaging (CSI) during P300 task revealed a significantly higher average coherence value in DS than NDS subjects in the gamma band (30-80 Hz), when listening to standard stimuli but only NDS subjects had a higher average coherence level in the gamma band than controls when listening to the novel sounds. P50, N100, and P3a ERP amplitudes (EEG analysis) were significantly decreased in NDS compared with DS subjects. The data suggest that the deviations in the 2 patient groups are qualitatively different. Deviances in NDS patients suggest difficulty in both early (as in the gating paradigm), as well as later top-down processes (P300 paradigm). The main deviation in the DS group was an exaggerated responsiveness to ongoing irrelevant stimuli detected by EEG whereas NDS subjects had an exaggerated response to novelty.

Published
2018

24. Preliminary Evidence for Limbic-Frontal Hyperexcitability in Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizure Patients

Author

Mian Z Urfy, Nash N. Boutros, Seung Suk Kang, Utku Uysal, Susan M. Bowyer, Kathleen M. Gustafson, and Zack Thomas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pilot Projects, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seizures, medicine, Psychogenic disease, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Magnetoencephalography, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The goal of the current pilot project was to probe the resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) in individuals with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and ascertain if there is evidence for frontal temporal cortical hyperexcitability, as evidenced by increased focal coherence in these regions.Six patients with PNES and without any evidence of epilepsy were included. Nine healthy control (HC) subjects (age matched as a group) were also included. Subjects underwent 10 minutes of eyes open and 10 minutes of eyes closed MEG recording without any specific cognitive tasks (ie, resting state).Analysis shows posterior-occipital alpha power to be decreased but fronto-temporal delta/theta power increased in people with PNES compared with HC subjects. Analyses of mean interregional functional connectivity of 54 brain regions, patients with PNES tended to have reduced mean coherence in extra-fronto-temporal regions (ex-FTRs) while increased mean coherence in fronto-temporal regions (FTRs) compared with HC. Furthermore, all 6 patients with PNES had their highest coherence structure within the FTRs. This is in contrast to the HC subjects where only 3 of the 9 subjects had their highest coherence value structure in the FTRs (χThe above findings are consistent with a disbalance between frontotemporal and posterior brain regions in this population with possible increased excitability in the FTRs. The data support the need for further investigations of the pathophysiology of PNES. The identification of a biomarker for PNES would not only provide for more informed therapeutic approaches, but it could also eliminate the stigma associated with the diagnosis of PNES.

Published
2018

25. Diagnostic Neurophysiology in Neuropsychiatry

Author

Kerry L. Coburn, Samuel D. Shillcutt, Ali Saffet Gonul, Nash N. Boutros, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
[No Keyword], business.industry, Medicine, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychiatry, business, Neuroscience
Abstract

WOS:000550979600006, [No Abstract Available]

Published
2018
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26. Electroencephalogram (EEG) for children with autism spectrum disorder: evidential considerations for routine screening

Author

Gerald P. Kozlowski, Alexandra J. Roark, Ann Genovese, Erin K. MacInerney, Ronald J. Swatzyna, and Nash N. Boutros

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Humans, Mass Screening, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Evidence-Based Medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Cognition, General Medicine, Evidence-based medicine, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Developmental regression, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Routine electroencephalograms (EEG) are not recommended as a screen for epileptic discharges (EDs) in current practice guidelines for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, a review of the research from the last three decades suggests that this practice should be reevaluated. The significant comorbidity between epilepsy and ASD, its shared biological pathways, risk for developmental regression, and cognitive challenges demand increased clinical investigation requiring a proactive approach. This review highlights and explains the need for screening EEGs for children with ASD. EEG would assist in differentiating EDs from core features of ASD and could be included in a comprehensive assessment. EEG also meets the demand for evidence-based precision medicine and focused care for the individual, especially when overlapping processes of development are present.

Published
2018

28. Humanist Psychiatry

Author

Nash N. Boutros and Nash N. Boutros

Subjects
Psychiatry
Abstract

This book discusses the parameters surrounding humanist principles (an optimistic philosophy that believes in the scientific process, human worth and dignity, and the ability of humankind to solve its problems no matter how complicated). This book begins by summarizing the humanist principles then goes into general chapters discussing how the biology principle should guide advances in psychiatric research, how psychiatry research could be organized, and addresses issues of education and practice from a humanist's view point. Finally, the book goes into more specific areas of practice like correctional and addiction psychiatry, discussing how practice adhering to the humanist principles would impact the field. Finally, the book discusses the issue of stigma and how humanism can help speed up the dissipation of the stigma associated with psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018

31. The forsaking of the clinical EEG by psychiatry: how justified?

Author

Nash N. Boutros

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Electroencephalography, Dissociative, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Spectrum disorder, Psychiatry, medicine.diagnostic_test, Standard treatment, Mental Disorders, Eeg abnormalities, Panic, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Despite decades of publications attesting to the role of the clinical EEG in diagnosing and managing psychiatric disorders, the procedure remains highly underutilized in the practice of psychiatry. The visually inspected EEG (vEEG) can detect various forms of abnormalities, each with its own clinical significance. Abnormalities can be paroxysmal (i.e., suggestive of an epileptic-like process) or stationary. The most important unanswered question remains the value of detecting epileptiform activity in a nonepileptic psychiatric patient in predicting favorable responses to anticonvulsant treatment. Despite the many shortcomings of vEEG, the available evidence suggests that in the presence of paroxysmal activity in a nonepileptic psychiatric patient a trial of a psychotropic anticonvulsant may be warranted if standard treatment has failed. More research on the contribution of paroxysmal EEG abnormalities to the problem of episodic psychiatric symptoms (e.g., panic attacks, dissociative episodes, repeated violence) is sorely needed. It is postulated that at least some of these conditions may represent an epilepsy spectrum disorder. Similarly, the significance of the presence of a slow-wave activity (whether focal or generalized) also deserves further well-designed research to ascertain the exact clinical significance. Nonetheless, the available data suggest that further medical workup is necessary to ascertain the nature and degree of the pathology when present.

Published
2017

32. Comparing EEG Nonlinearity in Deficit and Nondeficit Schizophrenia Patients: Preliminary Data

Author

Susan M. Bowyer, Nash N. Boutros, Klevest Gjini, and Alexander Cerquera

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Emotions, Electroencephalography, Audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Emotionality, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, medicine.diagnostic_test, Significant difference, Brain, Cognition, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, 030227 psychiatry, Neurology, Schizophrenia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychopathology, Eeg alpha
Abstract

Electroencephalogram (EEG) contains valuable information obtained noninvasively that can be used for assessment of brain's processing capacity of patients with psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate possible differences in EEG complexity between deficit (DS) and nondeficit (NDS) subtypes of schizophrenia as a reflection of the cognitive processing capacities in these groups. A particular nonlinear metric known as Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) was used as a computational tool in order to determine the randomness in EEG alpha band time series from 3 groups (deficit schizophrenia [n = 9], nondeficit schizophrenia [n = 10], and healthy controls [n = 10]) according to time series randomness. There was a significant difference in frontal EEG complexity between the DS and NDS subgroups ( p = .013), with DS group showing less complexity. A significant positive correlation was found between LZC values and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) general psychopathology scores (ie, larger frontal EEG complexity correlated with more severe psychopathology), explained partially by the emotional component subscore of the PANSS. These findings suggest that cognitive processing occurring in the frontal networks in DS is less complex compared to NDS patients as reflected by EEG complexity measures. The data also suggest that there may be a relationship between the degree of emotionality and the complexity of the frontal EEG signal.

Published
2017

37. A cyclical path to recovery: Calling into question the wisdom of incarceration after restoration

Author

Nash N. Boutros, Seung Suk Kang, and Alexandria Boutros

Subjects
Best practice, media_common.quotation_subject, Minor (academic), Criminology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Criminal Law, Mentally Ill Persons, 0502 economics and business, Humans, Quality (business), Mental Competency, 050207 economics, State hospital, 0505 law, media_common, Criminal Psychology, Misdemeanor, Recidivism, Prisoners, 05 social sciences, Research needs, Criminals, Criminal behavior, United States, Psychiatry and Mental health, Prisons, 050501 criminology, Commitment of Mentally Ill, Psychology, Law
Abstract

Around 20-25% of the current offenders in Cook County Jail of Chicago Illinois are mentally ill. Each one of these offenders had to be named competent to stand trial when they were first being tried in court. The majority of these offenders that were considered incompetent to stand trial (IST) had to go through the competency restoration process where they were housed in a state hospital and received treatment until the court could deem them to be competent to stand trial. Many defendants with minor offenses that were eventually deemed competent to stand trial, stood trial and were found guilty and sent to jail. Given the quality of psychiatric care and the inherent stress of being incarcerated, our question was, "is it efficient to spend the time and tax dollars on providing necessary treatment to mentally ill with minor offenses so they can stand trial and be sent to jail verses placement in community-based treatment programs?" To answer this question we reviewed the US literature addressing the alternatives to incarceration (i.e., diversion programs), and the success rate of those programs to minimize re-arrests and future criminal behavior. The studies on the efficacy of diversion programs remain sparse. The limited available studies point to a higher success rate in the ability to treat mentally ill misdemeanor offenders as well as prevent future criminal behavior; however these programs must be utilized early. Our conclusions are that diversion programs have the potential to reduce recidivism for misdemeanor offendors but further research needs to be conducted to ascertain the specifics of best practices for implementation of such programs.

Published
2017

38. EEG Abnormalities Are Associated with Poorer Depressive Symptom Outcomes with Escitalopram and Venlafaxine-XR, but Not Sertraline

Author

Arns, Martijn, Gordon, Evian, Boutros, Nash N., Afd Psychologische functieleer, Helmholtz Institute, and Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF)

Subjects
antidepressant, Neurology, epileptiform, paroxysmal, Clinical Neurology, alpha frequency, EEG
Abstract

Rationale. Limited research is available on electrophysiological abnormalities such as epileptiform EEG or EEG slowing in depression and its association with antidepressant treatment response. Objectives. We investigated the association between EEG abnormalities and antidepressant treatment response in the international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D). Methods. Of 1008 participants with major depressive disorder randomized to escitalopram, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR, 622 completed 8 weeks of treatment per protocol. The study also recruited 336 healthy controls. Treatment response was established after 8 weeks using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17). The resting-state EEG was assessed at baseline with eyes closed. EEG abnormalities including epileptiform activity, EEG slowing, and alpha peak frequency (APF) were scored for all subjects, blind to treatment outcome. Results. Patients and controls did not differ in the occurrence of EEG abnormalities. Furthermore, in the per protocol sample the occurrence of epileptiform EEG and EEG slowing (as a combined marker) were associated with a reduced likelihood of responding to escitalopram (P =.019; odds ratio [OR] = 3.56) and venlafaxine-XR (P =.043; OR = 2.76), but not sertraline (OR = 0.73). The response rates for this "any EEG abnormality" groups versus the "no-abnormality" group were 33% and 64% for escitalopram and 41% and 66% for venlafaxine-XR, respectively. A slow APF was associated with treatment response only in the sertraline group (P =.21; d =.027). Conclusions. EEG abnormalities are associated with nonresponse to escitalopram and venlafaxine-XR, but not sertraline, whereas a slow APF is associated to response for sertraline only.

Published
2017

39. 19th biennial IPEG Meeting

Author

Sonja Simpraga, Rosanna Tortelli, Jill C. Richardson, Bernhard Mueller, Berrie J.L. Gerrits, Marieke Jepma, Silvia Armenise, Martin F.J. Perescis, Inga Griskova-Bulanova, C. Wintmolders, Haitham S. Mohammed, J. Leon Kenemans, Matteo Demuru, Paolo Ranzi, Jakub Korcak, J. A. Kemp, Georg Gruber, T. A. Iseger, N. Marzano, Giuseppe Bertini, Caitlyn Kruiper, Anke Sambeth, Ronald J. Swatzyna, Iris Schutte, Robert A. Comley, Frans C. T. van der Helm, Juergen Dukart, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Flavio Nobili, Martin Brunovsky, Maria Vasileva, José Carlos Millán-Calenti, Kelly Holt, Jan A. Freund, S. Deepeshwar, Alexandra Kirsten, Yasser A. Khadrawy, Daniel Brandeis, Martin Bareš, Roshan Cools, Eduardo Ekman Schenberg, Sigita Melynyte, Antonio Ivano Triggiani, Ashley Baddeley, Karlijn I. van Aerde, Gerhard Trube, Leonardo Jose Trejo, Stephane Nave, D. A. Jackson, Tomáš Páleníček, Raffaella Franciotti, A. E. Maqueda, Laura Bonanni, E. Saifutdinova, Rahul Chaudhary, Natasja de Bruin, Christoph Mulert, Gilles van Luijtelaar, Hans-Christian Pape, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Martin Brunovský, Marijtje L.A. Jongsma, L. Raeymaekers, Boris Ferger, Donna Palmer, Robert Aidelbaum, Nash N. Boutros, Hanneke E. M. den Ouden, Genevieve N. Izzo, Jessica I. Määttä, Lucilla Parnetti, Gerald P. Kozlowski, Arjan Hillebrand, C. Bouyssières, Philip L.C. van den Broek, David J. Nutt, Jay D. Tarnow, Vlastimil Koudelka, Paolo Maria Rossini, Anna-Lena Dohrmann, Peter Veselcic, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Antonio Giannini, Ole Jensen, Christiane M. Thiel, Grazia Buenza, Tomas Novak, Chris G. Kruse, Alexander Sumich, Gaetano Scianatico, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, V. Duveau, K. Tahon, Lana Donse, Vladimir Krajca, Pierre Payoux, Vaclava Sedlamyerova, Else A. Tolner, M. Arns, Jennifer Mollon, Michael Derks, Nazimah Hamid, Andrea Szabo, Loreto Gesualdo, Shelly M. Menolascino, M. A. Mañanas, Thorsten Mikoteit, D. Balschun, Mitchell Belgin, Giacomo Tattoli, Cestmir Vejmola, Bob Oranje, Barbora Kohutova, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Iris E. C. Sommer, Dylan Smith, Rosa van Mourik, Michel D. Ferrari, Christian Zöllner, Maria-Clemancia Hernandez, Nick Seneca, James Miller, Martijn Arns, Timothy K. Murphy, Giancarlo Logroscino, Annika Lüttjohann, Noreen Rahmani, Christopher Timmermann, Martien J H Kas, Grace Y. Wang, Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen, F. Nobili, Tieme W. P. Janssen, R. Biermans, Fernando H. Lopes da Silva, Bernd Saletu, Brian A. Coffman, Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz, Sian Lennon-Chrimes, Madelon A. Vollebregt, D. Moechars, Brittany Duncan, Joerg F. Hipp, Y. Roche, Valentina Cardinali, Neveen A. Noor, Christoph Wandel, S. Romero, Anna Bravermanová, J. Koprivova, Gerda M. Saletu-Zyhlarz, Nicola Walter Falasca, Marco Onofrj, Jaap Oosterlaan, J. L. Kenemans, J. Prasko, Jürgen Gallinat, C. Roucard, Vaclava Piorecka, Karsten Wicke, Jennifer C. Swart, Peterjan Ris, Heba S. Aboul Ezz, M Valle, Jesper F. Bastlund, Ivo Heitland, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Katleen Geladé, W. H. Drinkenburg, Lillian E. Fisher, Lars Eichler, J. Riba, Hélène Brisebois, Régis Bordet, Robert Leech, Roberta Lizio, Cornelis J. Stam, M. Avinash, N. K. Manjunath, Parissa Azadi, Raffaele Ferri, Cyril Höschl, Susanna Cordone, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Gregor Leicht, Alexandra J. Roark, Esben Bolvig Mark, Jakub Polak, Alexander T. Sack, Iris Eichler, Heidi Haavik, Athanasios Maras, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Hans-Peter Landolt, A. Bottelbergs, Galina Surova, Ross Apparies, Lin Tiffany, Angelisa Frasca, Ida A. Nissen, Dario Arnaldi, Alessandro Bertolino, Wilhelmus Drinkenburg, Philip Scheltens, Cristina Bagnoli, Matthijs J.L. Perenboom, Dane M. Chetkovich, Thomas Budde, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Wilfried Dimpfel, Yuan Yang, Jonathan Kelley, Hervé Caci, Christoph Herrmann, Olivier Blin, Robert P. Turner, Georg Dorffner, Michaela Viktorinova, Igor Timofeev, Stephanie Thiebes, Dina Lelic, K. Van Kolen, P. F. Fabene, Frédéric Knoflach, S. Jacob, John Wallerius, Claudio Del Percio, Marina Bentivoglio, Mendel Kaelen, Peter Anderer, Imran Khan Niazi, Iman M. Mourad, S. Barker, Muhammad Samran Navid, Giuseppe Noce, Dean F. Salisbury, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Premysl Vlcek, Marek Adamczyk, Emmanouil Spanakis, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, Orietta Barulli, Roy P. C. Kessels, Axel Steiger, Darren Bentley, Antonio Brunetti, Clementina M. van Rijn, Nikita van der Vinne, Evian Gordon, Nash Boutros, Lukáš Kadeřábek, Brendan Parsons, A. Ahnaou, Tilman Hensch, Christian Sander, Torsten Meyer, Barbora Cimrová, Marleen C. Tjepkema-Cloostermans, Molly Hyde, Robert Oostenveld, Liesbeth Heijink, Eléonore Czarik, Paolo F. Fabene, Jean-Paul Laurent, Stig Hollup, Leon Kenemans, Ana Buján, Vadim Ilivitsky, Danielle Impey, Alfred C. Schouten, Claudio Babiloni, M. Pawlowski, Ricardo Alvarez-Jimenez, Joop M. A. van Gerven, Filip Tylš, Jan van Egmond, Saskia Steinmann, Caroline Dupont, B. Mandé-Nidergang, Sebastian Olbrich, Geert Jan Groeneveld, H. Huysmans, Kastytis Dapsys, P. Sos, M. Raszka, C. Walsh, Justin Piché, Giovanni Frisoni, Silvia Parapatics, Annika Lütjohann, Simon-Shlomo Poil, Erin K. MacInerney, T. Nekovarova, Jana Nöldeke, Michel J.A.M. van Putten, Ilse E. C. W. van Straaten, Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy, Mehrnoush Zobeiri, Magda Tsolaki, Ulrich Hegerl, Jaap C. Reijneveld, Patrizia Voehringer, N. V. Manyakov, Sandra K. Loo, Patrick Meuth, Bettina Clausen, Roman Rosipal, David Bartrés Faz, Nenad Polomac, Renata Androvicova, Pantaleo Spagnolo, Pilar Garcés, Andrea Soricelli, Amanda Feilding, R. Maury, Aleksandras Voicikas, Stjepan Curic, Verner Knott, Tabitha A. Iseger, Jiri Horacek, Susanna Lopez, Joelle Choueiry, Gianluigi Forloni, Andrew WThomas, Lyudmila V. Vinogradova, Alida A. Gouw, Sarah M. Haigh, and B. Pouyatos

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 05 social sciences, Clinical Neurology, Neuropsychology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Family medicine, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2016
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40. Treatment of visual hallucinations in Lewy body dementia with rTMS

Author

Theresa Mueller, Maheshkumar Patel, Nash N. Boutros, Nawfel Abdulameer, Zachary Thomas, Inderjeet Kaur, and David Hanaway

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Lewy body, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Biophysics, Audiology, medicine.disease, Visual Hallucination, lcsh:RC321-571, Medicine, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), business, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Published
2016

41. Inhibitory deficits in prepulse inhibition, sensory gating, and antisaccade eye movement in schizotypy

Author

Nash N. Boutros, Sindhura Pisipati, Stephen P. Jarvis, Li Wan, and Zachary Thomas

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Eye Movements, Schizotypy, media_common.quotation_subject, Audiology, 050105 experimental psychology, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), medicine, Personality, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Nicotinic Agonists, Prepulse inhibition, media_common, Sensory gating, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, Cognition, Sensory Gating, medicine.disease, Schizotypal personality disorder, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Schizophrenia, Saccade, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Schizotypy is a term that refers to a continuum of personality characteristics, emerging from mental states ranging from organized and normal to unorganized and disordered; with the latter tending to include individuals with high schizotypal scores as well as those diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder. Evidence from psychophysiological studies has found a relative weakness in the inhibitory functioning, including prepulse inhibition (PPI), sensory gating (SG), and antisaccade eye movement (AEM) in schizotypy and schizophrenia. As schizotypy and schizophrenia are in the same spectrum, understanding the nature of sensory and motor inhibitory weakness associated with schizotypy will optimize the prevention and intervention for both schizotypy and schizophrenia populations. This review aims at examining the deficits of sensory gating, saccade control, and prepulse inhibition in schizotypy; examining the relationship between the three measures and schizotypal symptoms and traits; examining the effect of nicotine on the three measures; and examining the relevant brain regions to the three measures. We searched multiple databases (such as MEDLINE, Pubmed, PsychINFO, Google Scholar) using combinations of the keywords: schizotypy, schizotypal personality disorder, prepulse inhibition, sensory gating and antisaccade for articles published in English since 1980. We found that three measures (SG, PPI and AEM) are associated with major schizotypal symptoms, suggesting that three measures could be used to predict the disease etiology and prognosis. Secondly, the three measures are modulated by nicotine administration at a certain level, providing a potential tool to study the role of nicotine in the cognition and symptom improvement in schizotypy. Thirdly, brain-imaging studies have localized activity in brain regions associated with sensory gating, saccade control, and prepulse inhibition, narrowing the search for brain regions to target for the treatment and prevention of schizotypy. Overall, the three measures are suggested to be a valuable tool to study the inhibitory deficits in schizotypy, and maybe used as a tool for the prevention and treatment of schizotypy as well.

Published
2016

42. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, recent advances and commentary on, Vasta et al., the application of artificial intelligence to understand the biological bases of the disorder

Author

Nash N. Boutros

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epilepsy, business.industry, Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, medicine, Psychogenic disease, medicine.disease, Psychiatry, business
Abstract

As many as 33 per 100,000 people experience episodes of paroxysmal impairment associated with a range of manifestations that can be motor, sensory, and/or mental and closely mimic and frequently mistaken for epileptic seizures (1). These episodes are termed psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). The prevalence of PNES episodes is much higher in epilepsy practices, reaching as high as 30% (2). The diagnosis of PNES remains a process of excluding epilepsy and thus leads to an average time from onset of these paroxysms to diagnosis of close to seven years.

Published
2018
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47. Electroencephalogram (EEG) for children with autism spectrum disorder: evidential considerations for routine screening.

Author

Swatzyna, Ronald J., Boutros, Nash N., Genovese, Ann C., MacInerney, Erin K., Roark, Alexandra J., and Kozlowski, Gerald P.

Subjects
*COGNITION disorder risk factors, *DIAGNOSIS of epilepsy, *EPILEPSY risk factors, *AUTISM, *AUTISM in children, *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *COMORBIDITY, *CHILDREN with disabilities, *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine, *ROUTINE diagnostic tests
Abstract

Routine electroencephalograms (EEG) are not recommended as a screen for epileptic discharges (EDs) in current practice guidelines for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, a review of the research from the last three decades suggests that this practice should be reevaluated. The significant comorbidity between epilepsy and ASD, its shared biological pathways, risk for developmental regression, and cognitive challenges demand increased clinical investigation requiring a proactive approach. This review highlights and explains the need for screening EEGs for children with ASD. EEG would assist in differentiating EDs from core features of ASD and could be included in a comprehensive assessment. EEG also meets the demand for evidence-based precision medicine and focused care for the individual, especially when overlapping processes of development are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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48. Diagnostic Utility of Sodium Lactate Infusion and CO2-35% Inhalation for Panic Disorder.

Author

Wiese, Andrew D. and Boutros, Nash N.

Subjects
PANIC disorders, SODIUM, PANIC attacks, IMPULSE control disorders, TRADITIONAL medicine, LACTATES
Abstract

Laboratory measures have played an integral role in diagnosing pathology; however, compared to traditional medicine, psychiatric medicine has lagged behind in using such measures. A growing body of literature has begun to examine the viability and development of different laboratory measures in order to diagnose psychopathologies. The present review examines the current state of development of both sodium lactate infusion and CO2-35% inhalation as potential ancillary measures to diagnose panic disorder (PD). A previously established 3-step approach to identifying laboratory-based diagnostic tests was applied to available literature assessing the ability of both sodium lactate infusion or CO2-35% inhalation to induce panic attacks in PD patients, healthy controls, and individuals with other psychiatric conditions. Results suggest that across the literature reviewed, individuals with PD were more likely to exhibit panic attacks following administration of sodium lactate or CO2-35% compared to control participants. The majority of the studies examined only compared individuals with PD to healthy controls, suggesting that these ancillary measures are underdeveloped. In order to further determine the utility of these ancillary measures, research is needed to determine if panic attacks following administration of these chemical agents are unique to PD, or if individuals with related pathologies also respond, which may be indicative of transdiagnostic characteristics found across disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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