Search

Background: Virtual bronchoscopy is a noninvasive tool for assessing the airway. It can be used along with multiplanar CT scan for better assessment of endobronchial tree. A lot of researches has been conducted in various parts of the world weather CT bronchoscopy can replace actual exible beroptic bronchoscopy. We aimed to explore the utility of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) for evaluation of tracheobronchial lesions and weather this can be helpful for pulmonologist for better assessment of airway while using real time exible bronchoscopy. Our age group comprised of patients from 21 years to a maximum a Results : ge of 80 years with a mean age of 52.6 years. VB was better in detecting external compression with a Kappa value of 0.68. VB had a moderate agreement with FOB to detect endoluminal lesions with kappa value of 0.70. None of the mucosal changes detected by FOB was detected by VB. In detecting obstructive lesions VB substantially agreed with FOB with a kappa value of 0.8. Moderate agreement was seen by VB in detecting both malignant and non-malignant lesions vompared to FOB. Virtual bronchoscopy when used in conjunction with axial CT Conclusion: images can enhance diagnostic accuracy of bronchial pathologies. VB cannot replace conventional bronchoscopy due to associated disadvantages such as the inability to perform a biopsy, the inability to detect mucosal inltration, the relatively low specicity rate when compared to high sensitivity rates, and the inability to offer real-time evaluation.

Background Preeclampsia is an important cause of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (AKI). The objective of our study was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of AKI in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Materials and methods A prospective, observational, single-center study from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients admitted with preeclampsia were included. Patients with obstetric complications were excluded. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 criteria. Results Total number of patients with preeclampsia was 104, out of which 25% developed AKI. Among those with AKI, nulliparity (61.5%) was the most common risk factor for preeclampsia followed by prior history of preeclampsia (15.4%), pregestational hypertension (11.5%), pregestational diabetes mellitus (3.8%), and chronic kidney disease (3.8%). There was no significant difference in maternal mortality between those with AKI (15.4%) and without AKI (7.7%). Intermittent hemodialysis was needed in 15.4%. At the end of 90 days follow-up, complete recovery of renal function occurred in 53.8%, partial recovery in 23.1% and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 7.7%. Perinatal death occurred in 26.9%, preterm birth in 23.1% and stillbirth in 7.7% of those with AKI and was not significantly different from those without AKI. The mean of birth weight in newborns delivered by patients with AKI (2.53 ± 0.73 kg) was significantly lower compared to those without AKI (2.82 ± 0.58 kg). Conclusion AKI was associated with a lower mean birth weight of newborns. Complete recovery of renal function was seen in 53.8% of patients with AKI and preeclampsia.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is defined as a clinical disorder in which there is a stenosis or occlusion of the arteries of the limbs. The most common etiology is ischemia due to occlusive disease. The objective of this study is to assess the severity of lower-limb peripheral arterial diseases based on various Doppler parameters. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 55 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of lower-limb peripheral arterial disease. Both inpatients and outpatients attending the authors' institute were taken up for the study. In this study, Doppler sonography was performed using 3–12 MHz linear array and 1–7 MHz curvilinear array transducers (SAMSUNG RS80A Ultrasound System). Results: Out of 55 patients, Doppler sonography demonstrated echogenic plaques in 32 patients and corkscrew collaterals in 15 patients. Monophasic waveform with peak systolic velocity ratio of >2:1 was found in 42 patients, which is consistent with significant stenoses. Conclusion: Our study shows that Duplex Doppler sonography aided by color Doppler sonography can accurately locate the site and severity of stenosis/occlusion. It is safe, cost-effective, repeatable, and noninvasive.

In his much quoted verse above Rudyard Kipling revealed something of the nucleus of the long-lived tradition of Orientalist thought. According to J.J. Clarke, the ambivalence of the West towards the East is age-old. This ambivalence largely stems from the difference in religion and culture that the two poles share. Religion, an act of cultural construction circulates in a particular form and culture thereby, can be said to be a definer of character. Every culture thus develops its own particular values and beliefs. Elucidating this concept further, the paper intends to examine this thought by applying Said’s study of Orientalism to hegemonically Western discourse about the East and seek to highlight the fact that the East-West dichotomy is a result of ‘selective cultural mapping’, a deliberate attempt to alienate the East. To lay bare the East-West dichotomy and highlight the West’s selective cultural mapping of the East, the paper will analyze E.M Forster’s A Passage to India (1924) and its movie adaptation by David Lean and will do a comparative study. Furthermore, I will concentrate on highlighting the West’s fear of islamophobia and the consequences arising from it with due reference to the movie Khuda Ke Liye (2007), a Pakistani Urdu movie by Shoaib Mansoor.