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During the production of smokeless charcoal, the pressing screw of the sawdust compressor is exposed to the effects of friction and elevated temperature, resulting in rapid wear. This phenomenon not only diminishes productivity but also exerts adverse influences on the final product's quality. Consequently, the pursuit of research endeavors aiming at prolonging the lifespan of the pressing screw holds significant importance, not only in reducing production costs but also in enhancing the product's overall quality. This paper adopts an innovative approach by integrating theoretical calculations, numerical simulations with practical experiments to ascertain the optimal profile for the pressing screw. This methodology employs Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in conjunction with the EDEM software to simulate the working process and provide the optimal profile of the pressing screw. The analysis and simulation results indicate a substantial enhancement in the wear resistance of the pressing screw while ensuring the efficient movement of discrete materials during the pressing process. The results of this study not only indicate the main wear locations on the pressing screw but also suggest the optimal profile, providing a basis and control for wear assessment. Furthermore, the results of this research not only identifies the principal areas that are susceptible to wear on the pressing screw but also proposes optimal profile, threreby establish a solid foundation and methodology for wear assessment. These results will be pragmatically implemented in smokeless charcoal production factories, concurrently pave the way for further research and applications in this field.

The ranking results of the alternatives are heavily influenced by the decision making method, data normalization method, and calculation method for criterion weights. In this study, five multi-criteria decision-making methods were compared: MABAC, COCOSO, MAIRCA, VIKOR, and ROV. All of these methods use the same data normarmalization method. The weights for the criteria were determined using four methods: Equal, ROC, RS, and Entropy. In two different examples, the combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods with weighting methods for ranking alternatives is demonstrated. In each example, the number of options and the number of criteria are also different. The results in both examples show that regardless of the weighting method, multi-criteria decision-making methods always determine the same best solution. Furthermore, the direction of future research has been mentioned in the final section of this paper.

This paper studies the liquid Nano-droplet production ability using molecular dynamics simulation methodology. The research parameter is performed at the temperature of 310 Kelvin (K), the pressing force of 10.0 × 10−10 Newton (N) and the ejective hole diameters of 25 and 40 Angstrom (Å). The research result shows that liquid Nano-droplets finally were not produced for the ejective diameter of 25 Å. The Nano-jets were not only non-destruction from nozzle’s surface to produce the droplets but also movement downward to come back the nozzle’s surface. The molecular trajectory is very zigzag and curved both inside and outside the ejective container. In the contrary, when increasing the ejective diameter to 40 Å, the liquid Nano-droplet was produced in the same the ejective time and compressible force magnitude. The molecular trajectory is quite straight after ejecting out the outside of the container. Meanwhile, for the nozzle diameter size of 40 Å, the Nano-droplet was not only production but also movement up to leave away the nozzle’s surface under same above conditions. That proves that the ejective diameter has the influences to the moveable direction and Nano-droplets formation ability in the whole ejective process.

In this article, we study a large class of evolutionary variational–hemivariational inequalities of hyperbolic type without damping terms, in which the functional framework is considered in an evolution triple of spaces. The inequalities contain both a convex potential and a locally Lipschitz superpotential. The results on existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solution to the inequality problem are provided through the Rothe method.

This study proposes a new approach to improve the performance of the Ranking Alternatives by Perimeter Similarity (RAPS) method in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). RAPS has attracted attention but encounters difficulties when handling zero values in the decision matrix. This study suggests using alternative data normalization methods and assesses their suitability when combined with RAPS in various scenarios. The results identified three additional normalization methods that are appropriate for integration with RAPS. These findings provide a theoretical basis and specific guidelines for selecting data normalization methods when applying RAPS in MCDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cell free DNA (cfDNA)-based assays hold great potential in detecting early cancer signals yet determining the tissue-of-origin (TOO) for cancer signals remains a challenging task. Here, we investigated the contribution of a methylation atlas to TOO detection in low depth cfDNA samples. Methods: We constructed a tumor-specific methylation atlas (TSMA) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from five types of tumor tissues (breast, colorectal, gastric, liver and lung cancer) and paired white blood cells (WBC). TSMA was used with a non-negative least square matrix factorization (NNLS) deconvolution algorithm to identify the abundance of tumor tissue types in a WGBS sample. We showed that TSMA worked well with tumor tissue but struggled with cfDNA samples due to the overwhelming amount of WBC-derived DNA. To construct a model for TOO, we adopted the multi-modal strategy and used as inputs the combination of deconvolution scores from TSMA with other features of cfDNA. Results: Our final model comprised of a graph convolutional neural network using deconvolution scores and genome-wide methylation density features, which achieved an accuracy of 69% in a held-out validation dataset of 239 low-depth cfDNA samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have demonstrated that our TSMA in combination with other cfDNA features can improve TOO detection in low-depth cfDNA samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to discuss the well-posedness and the generalized well-posedness of a new kind of differential quasi-variational-hemivariational inequality (DQHVI) in Hilbert spaces. Employing these concepts, we explore the essential relation between metric characterizations and the well-posedness of DQHVI. Moreover, the compactness of the set of solutions for DQHVI is delivered, when problem DQHVI is well-posed in the generalized sense.

The purpose of this paper is to deal with a system governed by a system of semilinear nonlocal fractional evolution inclusions with partial Clarke subdifferential and its optimal control. First, we establish an existence theorem of the mild solution for the presented control system by applying the measure of noncompactness, a fixed point theorem of a condensing multivalued map and some properties of partial Clarke subdifferential. Moreover, under some mild conditions, we obtain a result on the existence of an optimal control to the presented control system. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the main results. The results presented in this paper improve, extend and develop the corresponding results in the earlier and recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]