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Introduction. The increase in the number of patients with post-COVID syndrome determines the relevance of their rehabilitation in sanatorium and resort institutions, of both local and climate-therapeutic resorts.Aim. To identify the possibility for the rehabilitation of patients with severe forms of COVID-19 in the conditions of the climatic pulmonological resort of the South Coast of Crimea in the winter season.Materials and methods. Clinical-anamnestic, laboratory, functional and computed-tomographic results of the examination of the thorax of a patient who had a severe form of COVID-19. Rehabilitation was carried out 21 days complexly using climatotherapy, therapeutic exercise, respiratory, medication and physiotherapy. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using a 6-minute step test, Borg scale, mMRC dyspnea scale, oxygen assessment chart, rating of health status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), dyspnea assessment index (DDI/TDI), questionnaires of life quality EQ-5D and SF-36.Results. At the end of the rehabilitation course, general well-being improved, shortness of breath decreased, exercise tolerance increased, positive dynamics of spirographic parameters, Borg scale scores and a 6-minute step test were noted. The indicators of depression on the HADS scale normalized, positive dynamics was noted according to the SF-36 questionnaire of the psychological component of health. The severity of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression according to the EQ-5D questionnaire decreased. The X-ray picture has improved. When determining the diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCО), an increase of 30% from the initial value was revealed.Conclusion. Rehabilitation of a patient who had a severe form of COVID-19 with bilateral lung damage in the conditions of the climatic pulmonology resort of the South Coast of Crimea in the winter season is effective. To assess the lung function of patients who have undergone COVID-19, the most effective method can be considered the determination of lung diffusion capacity (DLCО). Spirogram indicators do not always objectively reflect the severity of the condition.

Background. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to severe disability, especially in its advanced stages. Medical care should be performed in accordance with modern clinical recommendations and standards. Assessment of the quality of medical care in the Russian Federation is carried out via examination of medical documentation by insurance experts regarding compliance with Russian standards and other regulatory documents.Objective. To study the predictors for unfavorable course of Parkinson's disease based on routine examinations of the quality of medical care.Methods. The cohort retrospective study included 7,264 examinations of the medical care quality of 1,754 patients with Parkinson's disease for the period from 2011 to 2018 in the Russian Federation. The study focused on two indicators: presence/absence of disease progression and determination/aggravation of a degree of disability or maintenance of the previous social and professional activity. The obtained data were used to develop diagnostic tables with prognostic factors of Parkinson's disease according to A. Wald. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using Statistica 13 (StatSoft, USA). Results. Diagnostic tables have been developed to determine the prognostic factors affecting the progression of Parkinson's disease and, accordingly, decreasing the degree of social and/ or professional activity and to assess the diagnostic factors when the risk of the disease aggravation will be more than 95%.Conclusion. The greatest progression of Parkinson's disease (p < 0.05) was observed in the cases of poor collection of complaints, history and clinical evaluation of the patient's condition, inadequate prescription or absence of prescription of levodopa when indicated, as well as defects in the correction of additional disorders. The likelihood of social disadaptation in patients with Parkinson's disease (p < 0.05) was found to be greater in the cases of poor collection of complaints and history, neurological examination and clinical evaluation of the patient's condition as well as inadequate prescription or absence of prescription of levodopa when indicated.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the planarity of the QRS loop and its relationship with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients in the subacute period of myocardial infarction (MI).Materials and methods. The ECG of 265 patients with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were analyzed. The control group consisted of 55 healthy individuals. The planarity index was calculated as the ratio of the area of the QRS loop projection onto the plane (the polar vector of the QRS loop) and the true area of the QRS loop in space using a synthesized vectorcardiogram.Results. In patients with MI, the planarity index was significantly lower than in healthy individuals: 0,87 [0,71; 0,94] and 0,96 [0,93; 0,97], respectively, p < 0,0001. Weak but significant correlations between the planarity index and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, r = 0,41, p < 0,001) and with the number of affected segments of the left ventricle according to echocardiography (r = −0,43, p < 0,001) were found. In patients with MI, the planarity index was lower in the presence of pulmonary edema in the acute period of MI (0,68 [0,54; 0,86]; without pulmonary edema 0,88 [0,76; 0,94], p < 0,001), and in the presence of a history of chronic heart failure (0,79 [0,61; 0,88]; without chronic heart failure 0,88 [0,75; 0,94], p = 0,007). In patients with MI of both anterior and inferior localization, the planarity index was significantly lower with LV EF < 50% compared with LV EF ≥ 50%. The planarity index was significantly lower in anterior MI than in inferior MI. Conclusion. In patients in the subacute period of MI, there is a decrease in the QRS loop planarity index, which correlates with the volume of myocardial damage, a decrease in LV EF, and the presence of acute and chronic heart failure. The QRS loop planarity index was significantly lower in anterior MI than in inferior MI.

We call a foliation (M,F) on a manifold M chaotic if it is topologically transitive and the union of closed leaves is dense in M. A foliated manifold M is not assumed to be compact. The chaotic foliations can be considered as multidimensional generalization of chaotic dynamical systems in the sense of Devaney. For foliations covered by fibrations we prove that a foliation is chaotic if and only if its global holonomy group is chaotic. We introduce the concept of the integrable Ehresmann connection for a foliation as a natural generalization of the integrable Ehresmann connection for smooth foliations. A description of the global structure of foliations with integrable Ehresmann connection and a criterion for the chaotic behavior of such foliations are obtained. Applying the method of suspension, a new countable family of pairwise nonisomorphic chaotic foliations of codimension two on 3-dimensional closed and nonclosed manifolds is constructed.

Indications to immunotherapy in cancer treatment continue to expand, thus there are more and more questions about clinical aspects of using different checkpoint inhibitors. Despite similar mechanism of action between widely used antibodies to PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, prolgolimab) and PD-L1 (durvalumab, avelumab, atezolizumab), inhibitors are different due to features of monoclonal antibodies structure they are based on. For instance, toxicity leading to discontinuation of treatment occurs more frequently with anti-PD-L1 drugs than PD-1 inhibitors. On the contrary, the average incidence of any grade IRAEs was higher in patients treated with anti-PD-1 drugs. The revealed differences in the toxicity of the analyzed groups of drugs could be associated with the type of action of the drug. The feature of the PD-L1 inhibitors is more frequent occurrence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reactions. However, PD-1 inhibitors showed a statistically significant survival benefit, according to a meta-analysis comparing anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 groups. Besides data on differences in the efficacy and toxicity profiles of these agents, in this article we also analyze different issues in the structure of drug molecules, in particular, the role of LALA mutation in anti-PD-1 inhibitors. Understanding the key distinctive points of check-point inhibitors (CPI) in the future may allow to solve the problem of rechallenge and reintroduction after management of severe IRAEs.

The problem of cultural property smuggling is not new to Russia. Every year, a huge amount of cargo is moved across the border of our country, including rare items, publications, etc. Many of these values are an essential component of the cultural wealth of Russia. This study mainly investigates some prevalent issues of criminal legal regulation of smuggling cultural values. To do so, the general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis are considered. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the criminal law protection of cultural property from illegal transportation across the state border is far from ideal. Hence, it seems crucial to single out the smuggling of cultural property as a separate corpus delicti, including increased liability in the presence of qualifying signs to boost the practice of applying criminal liability for this crime.

The aim of the study. to analyse possible markers of an effective antitumor cellular immune response.Material and methods. using the keywords «checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, t-lymphocytes, exhausted t-lymphocytes, anti-tumor immune response», review and original articles (n=34) published from 2005 to 2020 in the Pubmed, Web Of Science, Elsevier databases were selected.Results. the study revealed possible markers reflecting a high activity of an adaptive immune response based on effective recognition of tumor antigens through MHC molecules, a sufficient number of T-lymphocytes and a predominance of T-cytotoxic cells, as well as a low level of expression of inhibitory receptors and small molecules. the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA-I and HLA-II genes encoding MHC-I and MHC-II proteins, respectively, a high level of lymphocytes, among which the most important is the predominance of CD8+ t cells and a low level of T-regulatory cells (T-reg), as well as the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding FcγR receptors of T-lymphocytes showed their predictive significance. the diagnostic significance of determining the expression of inhibitory receptors for T-lymphocytes (TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT), especially in combination with the determination of PD-1 expression, was also revealed.Conclusion. the results obtained may be relevant for applying new methods for the assessment of the functional activity of the T-cell immune response before starting therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, as well as for the development of new diagnostic panels, which may be of interest to employees of clinical diagnostic laboratories and research centers.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, there has been growing interest in identifying early preclinical disease symptoms and searching for their laboratory markers in recent decades.Objective: to studythe relationship between vitamin D levels, phosphorus-calcium metabolism and clinical manifestations of PD.Patients and methods. Serum levels of total vitamin D (VD), as well as total calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), inorganic phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in 138 patients with PD. The severity of the disease was verified according to the Hoehn-Yar criteria, the clinical symptoms of the disease were verified using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the evaluation also included the quality of life (QoL) scales for patients with PD (PDQ-39), anxiety and depression (HADS), and Beck depression inventory, assessment of cognitive functions (CF) according to MoCA. Then, we analyzed the effect of vitamin D levels and other indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on the severity of PD clinical symptoms.Results and discussion. Patients with PD had a significant impact of phosphorus-calcium metabolism on CF, assessed by MoCA scale and the PDQ-39 subscale “Cognitive functions”. A joint direct impact of vitamin D levels (β=0.111; p=0.002), PTH (β=0.02; p=0.037) and the indirect effect of AP (β=-0.028; p=0.027) on CF was revealed. A direct effect of the level of inorganic phosphorus (β=5.932; p=0.001) and AP (β=0.055; p=0.025) on the QoL of patients with PD was observed.Conclusion. Cognitive decline in PD patients is directly related to vitamin D and PTH levels. At the same time, the lower the QoL of patients with PD, the lower the serum vitamin D level was, serving as an early predictor of cognitive decline in patients with PD.

Introduction. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is widely used to detect atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries (CA). However, the method is limited by the impossibility to perform functional assessment of detected stenoses. Perfusion computed tomography of the myocardium (PCT) can be used for this purpose.Aim of the study. To assess diagnostic accuracy of PCT of the myocardium with transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TEES) and stress-echocardiography (stress-echoCG) with veloergometry (VEM) in detection of transient ischemia in patients with initial diagnosis of “acute coronary syndrome” (ACS) with borderline stenoses (50–75%) in CA in relation to measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR).Materials and Methods. The study included 30 patients with the initial diagnosis of ACS with borderline (50–75%) stenoses in CA according to CTA or coronary angiography (CAG). Subsequently, they underwent myocardial PCT with 320-row detector with TEES, as well as stress-echoCG with VEM. Invasive FFR measurement was used as a reference method. FFR value < 0.8 indicated hemodynamic significance of stenosis. Myocardial perfusion was assessed visually. Regional myocardial contractility of the left ventricle was assessed by stress-echoCG.Results. All patients were examined according to the stated protocol. PCT with TEES revealed FFR-significant stenoses with sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of positive result and prognostic value of negative result 56, 93, 90, 65% respectively, stress-echoCG with VEM 62, 93, 91, 68% respectively.Conclusion. Myocardial PCT with TEES enables to detect perfusion defects associated with transient ischemia, and the diagnostic accuracy of the method in comparison with FFR is comparable with the already well-proven stress-echoCG. The use of PCT with TEES in combination with CTA can be considered as a promising diagnostic tool in patients without known coronary anatomy and with suspected ACS.

The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of clinical and allergic characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Samara over the past 5 years. Clinical and allergological examination was performed in 1526 patients from 2012 to 2018. For skin prick testing, 16 names of standard allergens were used. In 2018, the most common forms of AR were seasonal – 40.7 % and combined (seasonal and perennial) forms of AR – 39.8 %. Over the past 5 years, there has been a 1.5-fold increase in seasonal forms of AR (pollinosis). The structure of sensitization revealed an increase in pollen allergy from 39.2 % to 50.6 %, and a decrease in the level of hypersensitivity to epidermal allergens from 29.9 % to 14.5 %. Sensitization to weeds remains dominant in patients with pollinosis and ranges from 82.8 % to 75.2 % in 2012 and 2018, respectively. The predominance of polysensitization to different groups of allergens over monosensitization remains: 55.8 % and 44.2 %, respectively.

Aim To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac perfusion computed tomography (PCT) with transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TE ECS) for detection of ischemia in patients with borderline coronary stenosis (50–75 %) compared to measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR).Material and methods The study included 25 patients with borderline (50–75 %) coronary stenosis as per data of computed tomography angiography (CTA) or coronary angiography (CAG). Later the patients underwent invasive measurement of FFR and cardiac PCT on a 320-row detector tomograph in combination with the TE ECS stress test. FFR values Results All patients completed the study protocol. Cardiac pacing duration was 6 min for all patients. Four patients required intravenous administration of atropine sulphate. PCT with TE ECS detected significant for FFR stenoses with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive result and predictive value for a negative result of 47, 90, 87, and 53 %, respectively.Conclusion PCT with TE ECS in combination with CTA can be considered as an informative method for simultaneous evaluation of the condition of coronary arteries and detection of myocardial ischemia. This method is particularly relevant for assessing the hemodynamic significance of borderline coronary stenoses.

Aim To evaluate structural characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) by coronary computed tomography arteriography (CCTA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).Material and methods This study included 37 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). 64-detector-row CCTA, coronarography, and grayscale IVUS were performed prior to coronary stenting. The ASP length and burden, remodeling index (RI), and known CT signs of unstable ASP (presence of dot calcification, positive remodeling of the artery in the ASP area, irregular plaque contour, presence of a peripheral high-density ring and a low-density patch in the ASP). The ASP type and signs of rupture or thrombosis were determined by IVUS.Results The IVUS study revealed 45 unstable ASP (UASP), including 25 UASP with rupture and 20 thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA), and 13 stable ASP (SASP). No significant differences were found between distribution of TCFA and ASP with rupture among symptom-associated plaques (SAP, n=28) and non-symptom-associated plaques (NSAP, n=30). They were found in 82.1 and 73.3 % of cases, respectively (p>0.05), which indicated generalization of the ASP destabilization process in the coronary circulation. However, the incidence of mural thrombus was higher for SAP (53.5 and 16.6 % of ASP, respectively; pConclusion According to IVUS data, two X-ray signs are most characteristic for UASP, the irregular contour and a patch with X-ray density ≤46 HU. The presence of these signs 11- and 7-fold, respectively, increases the likelihood of unstable ASP.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disease. Its molecular cause is a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat dynamic expansion in the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene. Alleles with 36–39 CAG-repeats are incompletely penetrant, as individuals might develop symptoms but typically with a later age of onset. When repeats are equal or greater than 40, the symptoms of the disease occur. It is considered that CAG-repeats in the “intermediate” alleles (27–35 repeats) also cause the symptoms of the HD. We present here the case of a patient who has clinical phenotype and family history of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but 27 CAG-repeats. The feature of this patient is early development of non-motor manifestations such as cognitive impairment, psychotic disorders, early dystonia in a hand, camptocormia and poor response to levodopa. It is believed that the intermediate allele of HTT gene might modify the clinical phenotype of PD in this patient.

Представленная статья посвящена раскрытию источниковедческих аспектов ряда книжных памятников, переведенных английскими миссионерами Забайкалья в первой половине XIX в. В настоящее время все они сосредоточены в фонде редких и ценных изданий Научной библиотеки Бурятского государственного университета в коллекции «Миссионерские издания». В связи с перевод-ческой деятельностью Английской духовной миссии стали доступными для бурят и монголов издания религиозного и учебного содержания, что вносило ощутимое культурное разнообразие и некоторая часть населения ознакомилась с европейской книжной культурой. Спецификой коллекции является ее оформление вне рамок отечественной книжной традиции. Ключевыми источниковедческими характеристиками коллекции являются удовлетворительная сохранность экземпляров и их высокая читабельность. Несомненная ценность изданий коллекции заключается в их образовательном и просветительском потенциале, что стало положительным фактором в культурном развитии региона.

Computed tomography angiography (CT-angiography, CTA) allows noninvasive visualization of coronary arteries (CA). This method is highly sensitive in detecting coronary atherosclerosis. However, standard CTA does not allow evaluation of the hemodynamic significance of found CA stenoses, which requires additional functional tests for detection of myocardial ischemia. This review focuses on possibilities of clinical use, limitations, technical aspects, and prospects of a combination of CT-angiography and CT myocardial perfusion imaging in diagnostics of ischemic heart disease.

Objective: to analyze dynamics of sporulation of mold fungi in order to predict the risks of exacerbation of allergic diseases in Samara.Materials and methods. We evaluated the concentration of fungal spores between April 1st and September 30th in 2016–2019 in the air. Mold spores were captured using an impactor trap on slides covered with a mixture of vaseline and wax with subsequent counting of spore number and their identification.Results. The mean vegetative period of mold fungi in Samara city was 164 days. We have identified spores of Cladosporium and Alternaria, which accounted for 34.4 % of the total number of spores in the atmospheric air of Samara. Cladosporium spores were detected during the entire observation period; their proportion was 15.3% from the total number of fungal spores, their maximum concentrations were within the normal limits and did not exceed 960 spores/m3. The proportion of Alternaria spores was 19.1%. In some periods, concentrations of Alternaria spores exceeded threshold values: the concentration between 10 and 100 spores/m3 was observed 4 to 31 days per months; the concentration above 100 spores/m3 was observed 2 to 25 days per month. The highest total monthly concentration of Alternaria spores was detected in July–September, during the period of sagebrush and ragweed pollination, which can potentially hamper the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have exacerbations of their allergic diseases in this period.Conclusion. We have identified the main taxa of mold fungi, analyzed their regional specificity and assessed the risk of allergic diseases in individuals sensitized to Alternaria and Cladosporium species. Our findings will help to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergic diseases in the region.

The aim of the paper is to describe the structure of complete Lorentzian foliations $(M, F)$ of codimension two on n-dimensional closed manifolds. We prove that a foliation $(M, F)$ is either Riemannian or of constant transversal curvature and describe its structure. We obtain a criterion which reduces the chaos problem in a foliation $(M, F)$ both to the chaos problem of the smooth action of the group $O(1,1)$ on the associated locally symmetric 3-dimensional manifold and to the chaos problem of its global holonomy group, a finitely generated discrete subgroup of the isometry group of the plane with the full metric of constant curvature.

Objective. TO develop a prognostic model of the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Materials and methods. The study included patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and people without DM (control group). Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed in all participants, and all underwent neuropsychological testing (using the MoCA test) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Results were analyzed statistically in IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The prognostic model was computed by discriminant analysis. Results. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and discriminant analysis yielded a prognostic model for the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. The method developed here for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairments provides early prognostication of the development of cognitive impairments in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and can be used in clinical practice to assess the efficacy of treatment used for the prophylaxis of cognitive impairment.

The true prevalence of pollinosis in general and of weed susceptibility to pollen in particular (mainly wormwood and ragweed) in Russia and worldwide has not been studied enough. The ragweed is a quarantine weed, which is a native species in Russia. Wormwood is a large genus of herbaceous plants, in Russia the most common bitter and common wormwood. The aim of the study was to study the level of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood in Samara region for 5 years. In the city of Samara revealed the growth of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood from 2012 to 2017, which is consistent with the data on the leading role of ragweed pollen and wormwood as a risk factor for the development of pollinose in the region. Taking into account the data on ragweed distribution in the region is three separate, to avoid cross-reactions between allergens of different types of ragweed and wormwood, and to identify the truth of sensitization in these patients should be conducted component allergy diagnostics.

It is considered that Ambrosia trifida is not widespread in Russia, thereby avoiding its threatening effects to populational health. However, there are some areas in Russia where more than half of land area is covered by Ambrosia trifida. Many such foci are found in the Samara, Orenburg regions, Tatarstan and Bashkiria. Ambrosia trifida is distributed in Central Russia, the North Caucasus region and Siberia. The objective of the study was to examine specific IgE-profile in ragweed sensitized patients in the Samara region. A clinical and allergy examination of 969 patients with allergic rhinitis was performed. Allergic diagnostics was performed by using skin testing (prick-test) with standard set of pollen, household, and epidermal allergens. The data of skin tests in patients co-sensitized with ragweed and Artemisia allowed to analyze IgE-antibodies specific to the major Ambrosia (Amb a 1, Аmb. trifida) and Artemisia (Art v 1) allergens. Patients with negative skin test for the Amdrosia artemisiifolia and clinical manifestations of seasonal allergy were assessed for level of sIgE-antibodies nAmb a 1 and Amb trif. Skin test data demonstrated that seasonal and combined forms of allergic rhinitis dominated in patients examined. In particular, positive skin test data for pollen allergens dominated (50.6%) among all allergen groups so that more than half of them belonged to weed pollen allergens. Patients challenged with skin tests for Artemisia and ragweed allergens more likely displayed positive reaction to the Artemisia allergen (71.27%) and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (50.88%). Co-sensitization (to Artemisia and ragweed) prevailed in this geographic region featured with equal rate of simultaneously detected sIgE specific to the two types of ragweed and artemisia (nAmb a 1 + nArt v 1 + Amb trif) as well as Ambrosia trifida and Artemisia (Amb trif + nArt v 1). Almost half of the patients with negative Ambrosia art. prick-test were found to bear sIgE specific to Amb trif. Further investigation will help to better understand this phenomenon and take a fresh look at diagnostics and treatment of ragweed allergy in relevant geographic area.

Haplotype associations of 894 DNA samples of elderly people from the Russian population of Tomsk were analyzed using 49 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). As the analyzed markers, SNPs were selected that showed an association with Alzheimer’s disease or variability of cognitive abilities in genome-wide association studies. As a result of the analysis, blocks on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, 11, 19, and 20 were identified. Significant associations were shown, taking into account 50 000 permutations, for haplotypes localized on chromosomes 1 and 19 in the genes CR1 and APOE, APOC1, respectively. Our results confirm the role of the APOE and CR1 genes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease in the Russian population.

Objectives. To study links between physical status, the severity of motor impairments, and histories of power exercises of former sportsmen with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and methods. A total of 20 men with PD, 10 of whom had histories of involvement in power sports for more than 5 years in their youths and 10 of whom had no such histories, took part in the study. Detailed histories were taken from all patients, particularly in relation to concomitant arterial hypertension; body mass index was determined, and hand dynamometry and the orthostatic test were performed. Motor function was assessed using the PD scale (MDS UPDRS part III). Results and conclusions. Patients with sporting histories, in contrast to non-sporting patients, were younger (57.44 ± 8.14 years vs. 66.78 ± 4.29 years, p < 0.05), and had longer durations of disease (6.56 ± 5.36 years vs. 3.60 ± 3.5 years, p < 0.05). The orthostatic reaction in former sportsmen was accompanied by an increase in diastolic arterial blood pressure (SBP), while men who had not been involved in sports had a decrease in SBP. Hypokinetic syndrome was significantly more marked in former sportsmen, where slow movements (bradykinesia) rated 3 points on the MDS UPDRS in six cases and 4 points in four. The results obtained here demonstrate that power sports prior to disease onset had a significant influence of the development and signs of PD.

The purpose of this article is to review the author's results on the existence and structure of minimal sets and attractors of conformal foliations. Results on strong transversal equivalence of conformal foliations are also presented. Connections with works of other authors are indicated. Examples of conformal foliations with exceptional, exotic and regular minimal sets which are attractors are constructed.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with changes in the structure of the brain and deterioration of cognitive functions from mild to moderate according to neuropsychological testing. With the growing DM epidemic and the increasing number of people living to old age, cognitive dysfunctions associated with DM can have serious consequences for the future of public and practical health. Chronic hyperglycemia, severe episodes of hypoglycemia, and microvascular complications are important risk factors common for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DM is also associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, which can be diagnosed by various types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. In this review, we investigate studies conducted over the past two decades to improve the understanding of how DM effects the brain function and structure. We also describe the changes characteristic of type 1 and type 2 diabetes during standard MRI, functional MRI and proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (proton MRS) as well as their features.

In a COVID-19 pandemic, a neurologist needs to be able to assess the risks of virus infection in patients with individual neurological diseases. The review presents categories of risk groups from the Association of British Neurologists for neuromuscular diseases, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, stroke, epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. The risk of infection and the management of patients with neuromuscular diseases are analyzed in detail. The use of multiple sclerosis disease modifying drugs, the treatment of stroke patients are discussed. The data from the international guidelines for the management of patients with epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease are presented.

Cervical dystonia (CD) is manifested by violent, often painful movements of the neck muscles with the abnormal head and/or neck postures being formed. Disease progression leads to disability of patients. The clinical picture of the disease is characterized by a concurrence of motor and non-motor disorders. Objective : to analyze the features of non-motor manifestations (pain, asthenia, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with CD. Patients and methods . A total of110 patients (31 men and 89 women) aged 27—82years (mean age, 54.4±12.4 years) with CD (a study group) were examined. A control group consisted of 50 patients (16 men and 34 women) aged 25—82 years (mean age, 51.7±14.8 years) with cervical dorsalgia. Clinical, neurological, and neuropsychological examinations were made according to validated questionnaires. The investigators assessed pain using a visual analogue scale, anxiety and depressive disorders by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), asthenia by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and the scale of asthenic state (SAS), night sleep quality by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life by the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Results and discussion . The patients with CD showed a high incidence ofnon-motor disturbances: pain (98%), asthenia (90%), nocturnal sleep disorders (80%), anxiety (53%), and depression (48%). Non-motor symptoms were statistically significantly more obvious in the patients with CD than in those with cervical dorsalgia. The QOL indicators in CD were statistically significantly reduced in all physical and psychological parameters. Conclusion . Non-motor manifestations occupy an important place in the clinical picture of CD, substantially reducing the physical and psychological aspects of QOL in the patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is accompanied by brain injury manifested as cognitive impairment (CI). Objective : to study cerebral structural and functional changes in patients with DM according to the presence of CI. Patients and methods . Examinations were made in 60 patients with type 1 DM and 60 with type 2 DM who were divided into groups according to the presence of CI. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA test) was used to evaluate CI. Glycemia and its variability and the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed. MRI brain images were segmented using the FreeSurfer program and the Recon-all software package. Brain functional MRI was performed using paradigms (for Broca's, Wernicke's and primary motor areas). Results and discussion . Patients with type 1 DM and CI were found to have reduced volumes of the entire white matter and the right hippocampus; those with type 2 DM had decreased gray and white matter volumes. The functional activities of the primary motor and Broca's areas were reduced by 50% in patients with types 1 and by 80% in those with type 2 when conducting the tasks. A relationship was established between disease duration, patient age, glycemic variability index, MoCA test results, and decreases in the volumes of the hippocampus and white and gray matter and in the activity of motor areas in types 1 and 2 DM. Conclusion . Gray and white matter atrophy and impaired motor area functional activity are more significant in type 2 DM. These changes are associated with CI and glycemic variability.

The prostatotropic activity of glycyrrhizic acid disodium salt (Na2GA) was studied in the models of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by chronic injection of sulpiride (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 8 weeks) or testosterone propionate (20 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks) in the Wistar rats. The oral administration of Na2GA in a dose of 100 mg/kg produced a moderate antiproliferative effect in both BPH models resulting in reduced volume density of prostatic epithelium (in the testosterone model) and increased volume density of the glandular lumen (in both models). The observed prostatotropic effects of Na2GA were similar to those of Permixon and finasteride, but they were less pronounced as confirmed by smaller drops in epithelial volume density and epithelial-to-stromal ratio compared to the effects of both reference drugs.

A complex of organizingmethodical, medical preventive and antiepidemic measures both at the frontier passing points and on the whole Amurskaya Province prior to detection of a SARS case in Blagoveshchensk City and from the moment of the disease registration to prevent further dissemination of this infection is represented.

Aim To determine existence of a relationship between any clinical, echocardiographic and coronarographic factors and increased spatial QRS-T (sQRS-T) angle and frontal QRS-T (fQRS-T) angle in patients with anterior myocardial infarction.Material and methods This study included 137 patients aged 62 [53; 72] years with anterior acute myocardial infarction managed at the A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology. fQRS-T was calculated as the module of difference between the frontal plane QRS complex axis and the T wave axis. sQRS-T was calculated as a spatial angle between QRS and T integral vectors from a synthesized vectorcardiogram.Results fQRS-T values for a group (median [25th; 75th percentile]) were 81 [37; 120]°; sQRS-T values were 114 [80; 141]°. The correlation coefficient between fQRS-T and sQRS-T values was 0.41 (pConclusion In patients after anterior acute myocardial infarction, increases in fQRS-T and sQRS-T are associated with more severe damage of the vasculature, decreased LV EF, and, thus, more severe clinical course of disease.

Antiepidemic measures in Blagoveshchensk City of Amurskaya Province were carried out among persons contacted with a patient suspected to «atypical pneumonia» (further diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory methods). Chinese citizens were isolated at the hotel (at the place of their residing); close relatives of the patient were accommodated in the isolation ward of the Regional infectious hospital. Russians were kept under observation at the place of their residing. The efficiency of the performed measures is marked.

The experiments were performed on 58 males of nonlinear white rats 3–4 months old and weighing 180–200 g and 64 females of nonlinear white mice 2.5–3 months old and weighing 18–22 g. In the main experiment on rats, six experimental groups were formed, the animals of which were injected intragastrically with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ (by absolute weight) in doses of 1,000.0, 2,000.0, 3,000.0, 4,000.0, 5,000.0, and 6,000.0 mg/kg body weight; in the main experiment on mice, seven experimental groups were formed, the animals of which were administered the drug in doses of 100.0, 500.0, 1,000.0, 1,500.0, 2,000.0, 2,500.0, and 3,000.0 mg/kg body weight. Control rats and mice were injected with 2.0 cm3 and 0.2 cm3 of polyethylene glycol-400, respectively. Clinical symptoms of poisoning with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ of white rats (at doses of 2,000.0–6,000.0 mg/kg body weight) and mice (at doses of 1,000.0–3,000.0 mg/kg body weight) were refusals of food and water, loss of coordination, sitting in one place, a dose-dependent increase in depression with subsequent complete depression, lack of response to external stimuli and death on the first or fourth day after administration. During autopsy in rats and mice that died as a result of poisoning with the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’, we recorded pallor of the mucous membranes of the mouth, trachea, pharynx, and esophagus; increase in heart volume, atrial blood supply; pulmonary hyperemia; uncoagulated blood; increase in liver volume, dark cherry color, flabby consistency; catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. According to the results of determining the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug ‘MEGASTOP for dogs’ in the case of a single intragastric injection, LD50 for male rats is 3,384.98 ± 444.94 mg/kg, and for female mice — 2,025.88 ± 279.46 mg/kg body weight, which allows to classify it to class IV by the toxicity — low-toxic substances (LD50 — 501–5,000 mg/kg) and by the degree of danger to class III— moderately dangerous substances (LD50 — 151–5,000 mg/kg)

Non-motor symptoms are an essential manifestation of the clinical picture of Parkinson's disease (PD). This literature review is devoted to the study of recent advances in the field of clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Aim. The aim was to study and generalize the wide range of non-motor manifestations of PD and their features in this pathology, and to reveal the pathophysiological link between motor and non-motor manifestations of the disease and the role of the neurodegenerative process in the clinical picture of PD.Materials and methods. Keywords (Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, apathy, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, pain) search in the Web of Science, Core Collection, Scopus, Pubmed databases.Results. Knowledge about the presence of PD non-motor symptoms, characteristics of their manifestations improve their diagnosis and help to choose the correct treatment strategy. This survey comprises nonmotor manifestations of PD, such as: mood disorders (apathy, anxiety, depression), impulse control disorders (dopamine disregulation syndrome), sleep disorders (insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, bouts of sleepiness, conduct disorder in REM phase of sleep), autonomic disorders (constipation, enuresis, thermoregulatory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, orthostatic hypotension), and cognitive impairment.