Search

Physical fitness is one of the most important physical and mental health aspects for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aimed to test the effects of a long-term adapted judo program on the health-related physical fitness of children with ASD. The participants were recruited from various associations of families and schools for children with special needs. Twenty-one children were assigned to an experimental group and nineteen to a control group. The experimental group participated in a six-month adapted judo program consisting of 90 min of practice each week. Health-related physical fitness was measured using the indicators obtained from the ALPHA-fitness battery, the estimated VO2max and the waist/height ratio0.5. Changes within and between groups were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures designs and test-retest reliability of tests requiring a maximum score using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). A judo program tailored for children with ASD can improve the cardio-metabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness of its participants. The problems involved with administering physical aptitude tests that involve maximum effort or performance in children with ASD cast serious doubts on the reproducibility of their results.

Osteoporosis is one of the most important problems associated with aging. Genetic and environmental agents affect the process of reducing bone mineral density (BMD). As environmental agents, mechanical load (something which exerts an opposing force on the system; hence system needs more power to perform that work) is the important factor, which affects BMD. Studies show that a variety of exercise programs, depending on the amount of mechanical load they apply to the bone, activate the signaling pathways involved in the process of osteoblast activation and reduce osteoclast activity. The effect of physical activity (PA) on BMD is a function of the intensity, duration, and type of program used. Although the existing literature shows that regular PA increases BMD and subsequently develops its strength, there are conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of exercise programs that confirm the need for further study in this area.

(1) Background: Throughout the history of medical and psychology practice, specialists have worked to improve the quality of treatment and rehabilitation, which has led to the emergence of concepts such as serious games. These tools focus on different areas of intervention procedures, one of which is to help people with intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with ID have problems with executive functions (EFs), which are related to adaptive functioning. Recent studies showed that serious games positively impact cognitive, social, and communication skills in people with ID. The purpose of this study is to analyze the solutions that have been found in EF training for adults with ID in recent years, evaluating them with a number of key parameters and identifying the features and possible problems in the further development of our system. (2) Methods: A review was conducted starting with 573 articles in English related to serious games and selected from studies that had been published since 2015. Finally, 10 were examined in detail as they focused on EFs in adults with ID. They were searched in seven major databases (“Association for Computing Machinery” (ACM), IEEE Xplore database, DBLP computer science bibliography, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycInfo). (3) Results: It was determined that the most frequent EFs referred to in the studies analyzed were planning and decision-making, followed by working memory and social cognition, behavioral regulation, flexibility, and inhibition capacity. The basic approach to the creation of support systems was also analyzed in terms of technical and program execution. The trend results’ analysis evidenced improvements in EFs, even though they were not significant. This comprehensive technique enabled the identification of the main features and aspects to be taken into account for further development of our system.

The aim of this study was twofold: to know if the left-handed players are more effective in the goal categories and getting positive actions, in 1 and 2 position, than the right-handed in the same position at numerical inequality. To ascertain if the shots in 1 and 2 position, are less effective than the rest of the positions in the goal categories. A nomothetic observational, multidimensional and punctual design was used. The sample was the 389 shots and the 182 positive actions of 24 games (12 male and 12 female) at 15th FINA World Championship held in Barcelona. To record the data was used an ad hoc instrument for observation through the Sport Code Version Pro V9. Descriptive and Chi-square test was applied to study the relationship between variables. Left-handed players are more effective than right-handed players are if they are related to the goal and positive action categories in position 1. Shots from position 1 are the second least effective while position 2 is the fifth most effective. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: saber si los jugadores zurdos son más efectivos en las categorías de gol y obtener acciones positivas, en la posición 1 y 2, que los diestros en la misma posición en la desigualdad numérica. Determinar si los lanzamientos desde posición 1 y 2 son menos efectivos que desde el resto de posiciones en las categorías de gol. Se utilizó un diseño nomotético observacional, multidimensional y puntual. La muestra fueron los 389 tiros y las 182 acciones positivas de 24 juegos (12 masculinos y 12 femeninos) en el 15º Campeonato Mundial FINA celebrado en Barcelona. Para registrar los datos se utilizó un instrumento ad hoc para observación a través del software Sport Code Version Pro V9. Se aplicó la prueba descriptiva y de Chi-cuadrado para estudiar la relación entre las variables. Los jugadores zurdos son más efectivos que los diestros si están relacionados con el objetivo y las categorías de acción positiva en la posición 1. Los lanzamientos desde la posición 1 son los segundos menos efectivos, mientras que desde la posición 2 es la quinta más efectiva.

The main aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) to measure SB in community-dwelling older adults using thigh-measured accelerometry as the criterion method. 801 participants (75.6 ± 6.1 years old, 57.6% females) provided valid thigh-based accelerometer data (activPAL/Axivity) and completed the SBQ. Criterion validity was assessed using Spearman’s Rho coefficients. Bland–Altman plots, including 95% limits of agreement and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), were used to assess the agreement between self-report and device-measured daily SB time. Strength of the association was examined using multiple linear regression. There was a weak correlation (Rho = 0.25, p

There is strong evidence to support the association between daily physical activity and sleep parameters in children and adolescents. Physical activity and outdoor play are favourably associated with most sleep outcomes in school children. The aim is to find out the levels of physical activity and the quality of sleep in Basque schoolchildren aged between six and seventeen and to analyse the possible differences between those who carry out some kind of physical sports activity and those who do not. The sample consisted of 1082 schoolchildren (50.1% male and 49.9% female). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test (2 samples) and Kruskal–Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples). A total of 723 (66.94%) of the participants said they practiced some physical sports activity. The accelerometers obtained significant differences in all levels of physical activity, as well as in sleep efficiency, with higher levels of physical activity (sedentary p = 0.001; light p = 0.017; moderate p = 0.009; vigorous p = 0.001 and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity p = 0.002) and better sleep efficiency (p = 0.002) in those schoolchildren who perform some type of physical sports activity. A significant difference in time spent in sedentary activities was also observed between primary and secondary school pupils of both sexes and regardless of the degree of physical sports activity completion.

Human movement behaviours such as physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) during waking time have a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults. In this study, we aimed to analyse the association between self-reported and device-measured SB and PA with HRQoL in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults from four European countries. A subsample of 1193 participants from the SITLESS trial (61% women and 75.1 ± 6.2 years old) were included in the analysis. The association between self-reported and objective measures of SB and PA with HRQoL were quantified using Spearman’s Rho coefficients. The strength of the associations between self-reported and device-measured PA and SB with self-rated HRQoL (mental composite score, MCS; physical composite score, PCS) were assessed through multivariate multiple regression analysis. Self-reported and device-measured PA and SB levels showed significant but poor associations with PCS (p < 0.05). The association with MCS was only significant but poor with self-reported light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that both self-reported and device-measured PA of all intensities were positively and significantly associated, while SB was negatively and significantly associated with the PCS of the SF-12. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: While there is evidence that tendon adapts to training load, structural alterations in the patellar tendon in response to training loads are still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify changes in patellar tendon structure throughout pre-season and after finalizing the first competitive cycle. Methods: Nineteen professional handball players participated in the aforesaid cross-sectional study, in which patellar tendon scan and counter movement jump (CMJ) performance were conducted. Measurements were taken on the first and last day of pre-season training, and at the end of the first competitive cycle. Results: The results revealed that variation on the tendon structure occurred, mainly at the end of pre-season training; for injured tendons this occurred at the proximal (Right p = 0.02), distal (Right p = 0.01), and (Left p = 0.02) tendon, while changes in healthy tendons occurred at the mid (Left p = 0.01) and distal tendon (Right p = 0.01). At the end of the first competitive cycle, changes were observed in the distal injured tendon (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Patellar tendon shows greater structural change after completing pre-season training than at the end of the first competitive cycle, from which it may be inferred that gradual loading during pre-season training allows the tendon to adapt and potentially decrease the onset of patellar tendinopathy.

[Abstract] The public health lockdown prompted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which included school closures that may have potentially serious consequences for people with disabilities or special educational needs, disrupted an ongoing adapted judo training intervention in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to compare repetitive behaviours, social interaction, social communication, emotional responses, cognitive style and maladaptive speech scores across four time-points: baseline, after an eight-week control period, after an eight-week judo intervention and after an eight-week lockdown period due to COVID-19. The sample consisted of 11 children diagnosed with ASD according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-V), with an intelligence quotient (IQ) range between 60 and 70. Significant improvements were shown following the judo intervention period compared to the baseline and control periods. However, the same values significantly declined during the COVID-19 lockdown period resulting in values lower than those recorded at baseline, and following the control period and the judo intervention. The decline in psychosocial and behavioural scores are likely due to the stress caused by the sudden halt in activity and the increase in sedentary practices associated with the lockdown. This study has been partially funded by a Ramon Llull University grant (ref. CER-URL-2019) and Erasmus+ Sport Programme (Project Identifier: 612954-EPP-1-2019-1-ES-SPO-SCP) Universitat Ramón Llul; CER-URL2019

The analysis of monosynaptic Hoffman’s reflex (H-reflex) involves recording the response to electrical stimulation of Ia-afferent fibers from the muscle spindle. The H-reflex can be used as a probe to study spinal neuronal pathways and mechanisms at rest and during movement in humans. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the assessment of the H-reflex in people with Down syndrome (DS), and to compare it between adult dancers and non-dancers with and without DS. Twenty-five participants were included and divided into four groups (6 non-dancers and 6 dancers with DS and, 7 non-dancers and 6 dancers without DS). The H-reflex was recorded at the level of the soleus muscle in its central area. We analyzed the H response in three different conditions: decubitus prone, static standing position with open eyes and closed eyes. Non-dancers with DS showed a faster H-reflex latency than both groups without DS (all p

Adherence has emerged as a focal point and critical determinant of success for physical activity interventions. The term is used for both traditional and digital interventions, and for prescribed and nonprescribed activities. Many other terms for adherence are being used interchangeably, as there is no consensus on its precise conceptualization. This scoping review aimed to advance the definition of adherence to eHealth programs, specifically for the adult population with no specific health conditions. A total of 2983 papers, published between 1 January 2016 and 13 March 2022, were retrieved from different databases (including grey literature). Of those, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. The selected studies used a wide array of technologies and consisted mainly of exercise interventions. Most of the reviewed publications contemplated exercise adherence as a percentage of expected dose. Most (8 out of 13) studies neither assessed nor specified an expected use of the involved technology. Results suggest a need for homogeneity in the conceptualization of adherence to physical activity and exercise, including those interventions delivered digitally.

Background Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common problems in the general population, which can lead to overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased motor and cognitive capacity among children and adolescents. Establishing healthy habits in childhood on the basis of the World Health Organization’s 2020 Physical Activity Guidelines is essential for proper physical, motor, and cognitive development. Objective The primary aim of this study is to describe the level of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep of the child and adolescent population from 6 to 17 years of age in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Our secondary aim is to establish a starting point for future research and intervention protocols to improve the existing reality. Methods This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 1111 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years from the BAC in a representative random sample. Participants will wear the ActiGraph WGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days in their nondominant wrist, and fill out a habit diary log of PA, mobility, and sleep routine. PA intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep parameters (total bedtime, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) will be calculated from raw accelerometer data using SPSS (IBM Corp). Participants will be randomly selected. Results The results of this study intend to demonstrate significant differences in PA levels in different age and gender groups since the volume of school PA in the BAC decreases as the age of the schoolchildren increases. The total study sample includes 1111 participants. In April 2021, up to 50% of the sample size was reached, which is expected to increase to 100% by April 2022. This sample will allow us to analyze, discuss, compare, and assess the reality of the school population, in a sensitive period of adherence to behavior patterns, using data from the geographical and administrative area of the BAC. This study will provide a realistic insight into PA levels among children and adolescents in the BAC. It will also offer scientific contributions on the positive relationship between PA levels and sleep quality in this population. Conclusions This study might highlight the need for the promotion of cross-sectional policies so that children and adolescents may increase their levels of PA, thus improving both the school environment and positive healthy behavior. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN65573865; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65573865 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31325

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common problems in the general population, which can lead to overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased motor and cognitive capacity among children and adolescents. Establishing healthy habits in childhood on the basis of the World Health Organization’s 2020 Physical Activity Guidelines is essential for proper physical, motor, and cognitive development. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to describe the level of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep of the child and adolescent population from 6 to 17 years of age in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Our secondary aim is to establish a starting point for future research and intervention protocols to improve the existing reality. METHODS This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 1111 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years from the BAC in a representative random sample. Participants will wear the ActiGraph WGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days in their nondominant wrist, and fill out a habit diary log of PA, mobility, and sleep routine. PA intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep parameters (total bedtime, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) will be calculated from raw accelerometer data using SPSS (IBM Corp). Participants will be randomly selected. RESULTS The results of this study intend to demonstrate significant differences in PA levels in different age and gender groups since the volume of school PA in the BAC decreases as the age of the schoolchildren increases. The total study sample includes 1111 participants. In April 2021, up to 50% of the sample size was reached, which is expected to increase to 100% by April 2022. This sample will allow us to analyze, discuss, compare, and assess the reality of the school population, in a sensitive period of adherence to behavior patterns, using data from the geographical and administrative area of the BAC. This study will provide a realistic insight into PA levels among children and adolescents in the BAC. It will also offer scientific contributions on the positive relationship between PA levels and sleep quality in this population. CONCLUSIONS This study might highlight the need for the promotion of cross-sectional policies so that children and adolescents may increase their levels of PA, thus improving both the school environment and positive healthy behavior. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN65573865; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65573865 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/31325

The presence of missing data and small sample sizes are very common in social and health sciences. Concurrently to present a methodology to solve the small sample size and missing data, we aim to present a definition of Cognitive Reserve for people with Down Syndrome. This population has become an appealing focus to study this concept because of the high incidence of dementia. The accidental sample comprised 35 persons with DS (16–35 years). A total of 12 variables were acquired, four of them had missing data. Two types of multiple imputation were made. Confirmatory factor analysis with Bayesian estimations was performed on the final database with non-informative priors. However, to solve the sample size problem, two additional corrections were made: first, we followed the Jiang and Yuan (2017) schema, and second, we made a Jackknife correlation correction. The estimations of the confirmatory factor analysis, as well as the global fit, are adequate. As an applied perspective, the acceptable fit of our model suggests the possibility of operationalizing the latent factor Cognitive Reserve in a simple way to measure it in the Down Syndrome population.

Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA) together with accelerated aging profiles. Adherence to PA interventions for persons with ID is low based on barriers such as motivation. The IDEA study aims to determine the effect of two types of exercise programs, continuous aerobic (CAEP) vs sprint interval training (SIT), designed for seniors with ID on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular parameters, quality of life (QoL), and emotional and cognitive function. Methods In this trial, ninety seniors with ID between the ages of 40 and 75 yrs. from occupational health centers from the Autonomous Region of Catalonia (Spain) will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to the CAEP, SIT, and control group. Both intervention groups will train 3 days/week, 1.5 h/day over 6 months. Outcome variables will be assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The outcome variables include weight, height, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, pulse-wave analysis), QoL and cognitive function. The intervention effect will be determined with mixed models with repeated measures to assess changes in the outcome variables over time (baseline to month 12) and between study arms. Relationship between variables will be analyzed with appropriate regression analyses. Discussion Various studies reported on CAEP and SIT as exercise interventions for persons with ID with beneficial outcomes on body composition, fitness and blood pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first trial designed to analyse the positive changes on fitness, PA levels, cardiovascular, QoL and cognitive function promoted by CAEP training and SIT in seniors with ID. The findings of this study will assist in the development of more effective exercise interventions to ensure better compliance and adherence to exercise in seniors with ID. Trial registration The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry. Registration number: ISRCTN43594228. Registered 11 February 2019 – Retrospectively registered.

Resumen: Objetivo: Proporcionar valores de referencia del Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) en adultos y adultos mayores en el País Vasco, identificando puntos de corte para medir la fragilidad y comparar los valores con otras poblaciones de España. Emplazamiento: Bilbao capital, País Vasco (España). Participantes: 1.923 personas mayores de 60 años incluidos en el Programa de Salud para Personas Mayores del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao participaron en el estudio. El programa de actividad física (AF) se impartió dos veces por semana durante un mínimo de 12 semanas, con sesiones de 50 minutos. Mediciones principales: Se evaluó a los participantes con la prueba SPPB que evalúa: equilibrio (PE), velocidad de la marcha en 4 m (PM) y la fuerza a través de la prueba de levantarse y sentarse de la silla (PS). Según el resultado obtenido de todas las pruebas, se identificó la funcionalidad de las personas en: limitación grave (cero a cuatro puntos), moderada (cuatro a seis puntos), leve (siete a nueve puntos) y mínima (10 a 12 puntos). Resultados: Edad media 77,9 (5,6) años, siendo el 87,9% mujeres y el 12,1% hombres. La batería SPPB mostro diferencias significativas en la edad (p = 0,000) y género (p = 0,005) Además, se realizó una comparación con una población similar: 70 a 75 años = 0,6 (d de Cohen), 76 a 79 años = 0,98 (d de Cohen) y >80 años = 0,98 (d de Cohen). Conclusiones: El presente estudio señala los valores normativos para SPPB. La funcionalidad de las personas disminuye a medida que avanza la edad. A pesar de los hallazgos actuales que los profesionales de la salud disponen para una detección más eficaz de la fragilidad, muchos de ellos aún no se han traducido a la práctica clínica. Abstract: Purpose: To provide reference values of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in adults and older adults in the Basque Country by identifying cut-off points for measuring fragility and comparing the values with other populations in Spain. Location: Bilbao capital, Basque Country (Spain). Participants: 1923 people over 60 years old included in the Health Program for the Elderly of the City of Bilbao participated in the study. The PA program was delivered twice a week for a minimum of 12 weeks, with 50-minute sessions. Main measurements: Participants were evaluated with the SPPB, which assesses balance (PE), gait speed test (PM) and chair stand test (PS). Based on the results obtained from all tests, the functionality of the participants was identified as: severe (0–4 points), moderate (4–6 points), mild (7–9 points) and minimal (10–12 points) limitation. Results: Mean age was 77.9 (5.6) years, 87.9% were women and 12.1% were men. The SPPB showed significant differences in age (p = 0.000) and gender (p = 0.005). In addition, a comparison was made with a similar population: 70–75 years = 0.6 (Cohen's d), 76–79 years = 0.98 (Cohen's d), and >80 years = 0.98 (Cohen's d). Conclusions: The present study indicates normative values for SPPB. People's functionality decreases, as they get older. Despite the current findings available to health professionals for more effective detection of fragility, many of them have not yet been translated into clinical practice.

Older adults; Physical activity; Adherence Adultos mayores; Actividad física; Adherencia Adults majors; Activitat física; Adherència Exercise is a form of physical activity (PA). PA is an important marker of health and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of exercise-based interventions on an at least six-month follow up PA measure, and to describe the specific strategies implemented during the intervention to strengthen the sustainability of PA in community-dwelling 65+ year-old adults. We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42017070892) of randomized clinical trials (RCT). We searched three electronic databases during January 2018 to identify RCT assessing any type of exercise-based intervention. Studies had to report a pre-, post-, and at least 6-month post-intervention follow-up. To be included, at least one PA outcome had to be assessed. The effect of exercise-based interventions was assessed compared to active (e.g., a low-intensity type of exercise, such as stretching or toning activities) and non-active (e.g., usual care) control interventions at several time points. Secondary analyses were conducted, restricted to studies that reported specific strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. The intervention effect was measured on self-reported and objective measures of time spent in PA, by means of standardized mean differences. Standardized mean differences of PA level were pooled. Pooled estimates of effect were computed with the DerSimonian–Laird method, applying a random effects model. The risk of bias was also assessed. We included 12 studies, comparing 18 exercise intervention groups to four active and nine non-active control groups. Nine studies reported specific strategies to enhance the long-term sustainability of PA. The strategies were mostly related to the self-efficacy, self-control, and behavior capability principles based on the social cognitive theory. Exercise interventions compared to active control showed inconclusive and heterogeneous results. When compared to non-active control, exercise interventions improved PA time at the six-months follow up (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.30; 95%CI 0.15 to 0.44; four studies; 724 participants; I2 0%), but not at the one- or two-years follow-ups. No data were available on the mid- and long-term effect of adding strategies to enhance the sustainability of PA. Exercise interventions have small clinical benefits on PA levels in community-dwelling older adults, with a decline in the observed improvement after six months of the intervention cessation. The present study was funded by United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA, and NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA), USA, (K24 AG057728).

Background Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function that occurs as a consequence of aging. This condition result in physical disability, which limits the capacity to walk, increases the risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures. Several studies suggested an inverse relation between 25OHD serum levels, muscular strength and physical performance in the eldest. Objectives To evaluate if vitamin D supplementation in patients > 50 years improves muscle mass, strength and performance in older patients. Methods We performed a systematic review through Medline, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria: 1) patients > 50 years old, 2) receiving treatment with vitamin D 3) muscle mass and muscle strength measurements 4) systematic reviews (SR) 5) randomized clinical trials (RCT) 6) Papers written in English or Spanish. Results Five studies were included (4 SR and 1 RCT), n patients ranged from 121 to 5615. Patients mean age oscillated between 58-88 years, receiving variable vitamin D dose. Follow-up period fluctuated from 6 to 12 months. Conclusion · Vitamin D supplementation in patients > 65 years with inadequate 25OHD serum levels, improve muscular strength. · There were no benefits in muscle mass or muscular performance. References [1] Beaudart C, Dawson A, Shaw S C, Harvey N H, Kanjis J A, Binkley N, et al. Nutrition and Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.: systematic review. Osteopor Int2017; 28: 1817-1833. [2] Cangussu LM, Nahas-Neto J, Orsatti CL, Bueloni-Dias FN, Nahas EAP. Effect of Vitamin D supplementation alone on muscle function in postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Osteopor Int 2015; 26:2413-2421. Disclosure of Interests None declared

The purpose of this study was, on one hand, to know if the left handed players were more effective in the goal categories and getting positive actions in 1 and 2 position than the right handed in the same offense position in Even Situational Framework (FJa). On the other hand, to know if the shots in 1 and 2 position were less effective than the rest of the positions in the goal categories. The methodology was observational, multidimensional, nomothetic and punctual. The sample was all the throws of 24 games (12 male and 12 female) in the 2013 World Championship in Barcelona using an ad hoc instrument for observation through the SportCode software, which was also used to record the data. Descriptives and Chi-square test were obtained and the conclusions are that the left-handed players are more effective if we relate them to the goal categories and positive actions from positions 1 and 2. However, the righties are more effective if we only see the categories related with the goal.

This study describes and compares physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary time (ST) of active (AG) and a non-active (NAG) groups of adults with intellectual disability (ID) versus a group of adults without ID. Thirty-seven participants from the AG, 29 from the NAG, and 31 adults without ID participated in this study. Height and weight were obtained to calculate body mass index (BMI). PA levels and ST were assessed with GT3X Actigraph accelerometers for 7 days. Results revealed that the AG engaged in higher values of moderate to vigorous PA compared with the NAG (all p &lt, 0.05), but were similar to adults without ID. Adults without ID performed less ST and more light PA than the ID groups (all p &lt, 0.05). The participants of the AG did not demonstrate less ST than the NAG. It is concerning that adults with ID (AG or NAG) are spending a higher time in ST and less time in light PA than adults without ID. Our results suggest that integrated, well-designed PA programmes into the ID population workdays can lead to increased PA levels. Nevertheless, these interventions and exercise programmes implemented for adults with ID should be tailored to also reduce ST.

During endurance exercise, skin temperature (Tsk) plays a fundamental role in thermoregulatory processes. Environmental temperature is the biggest determinant of the Tsk. During exercise, the response of the skin temperature might be influenced by aerobic fitness (VO2peak). The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the dynamic of Tsk in high (HF) and moderately (MF) fit endurance runners during a progressive maximal stress test. Seventy-nine male endurance runners were classified into HF (n = 35, VO2peak = 56.62 &plusmn, 4.31 mL/kg/min) and MF (n = 44, VO2peak = 47.86 &plusmn, 5.29 mL/kg/min) groups. Tsk and cardiovascular data were continuously monitored during an incremental exercise, followed by a recovery period of five minutes. Results revealed that the MF group exhibited lower VO2peak, Speedpeak, ventilation (VE), muscle mass %, and higher BMI and fat mass % than the HF group (all p &lt, 0.001). HF had significantly higher Tsk at baseline, and at 60% and 70% of peak workload (all p &lt, 0.05). Tskpeak correlated with age, fat mass %, muscle mass %, VO2peak, Speedpeak, HR and VE (all p &lt, 0.05). These findings indicate that VO2peak was positively associated with increased Tsk during incremental exercise in male endurance runners.

The connection between mind and body is activated through Dance/Movement Therapy (D/MT). This connection promotes the integration of emotional, cognitive and physical dimensions of a person. This study focused on emotional well-being, understood as a dimension within the construct of quality of life. The improvement of emotional well-being was examined in adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) who participated in an intervention program of 26 sessions in D/MT. The intervention group comprised 22 adults with ID (n = 22; 47.27 ± 11.67 years) (12 male). The control group were 20 adults with ID (n = 20; 48.15 ± 12.46 years) (12 male). The Koppitz human figure drawing test was applied to evaluate the emotional indicators before and after the program.The results indicated statistically significant improvements in the emotional well-being in the intervention group after the D/MT program (p = 0.007) in comparison to the control group (p = 0.560). D/MT can be an appropriate approach when working with adults with ID to provide them with support, and to increase quality of life specifically emotional well-being.