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Research background: Corporate governance plays an important role in companies’ financial performance and its true importance and relevance are revealed during an economic shock, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In the past, research regarding corporate governance and financial variables focused solely on performance variables such as Tobin’s Q and ROA. This assessment completely ignores that corporate governance principles have a broader implication on financial variables than only performance.

The theory, but also examples from practice confirm the fact that the use of controlling in economic practice differs significantly in the context of understanding its essence. The ambiguity of the definition of controlling, two different thought concepts, the diversity of tools and approaches, but also other barriers prevent its use to a greater extent than this managerial approach would deserve. The current research is based on the understanding of the essence of controlling in German-speaking countries and is oriented towards a coordinated predictive management approach based on precise cost reports. The research question was aimed at identifying current use and barriers of controlling in manufacturing enterprises in relation to the understanding of its essence and impact of performance through a questionnaire survey and structured interviews with managers from 2021 to 2022. A population of 2,504 enterprises was addressed by means of stratified sampling. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to test how well the characteristics of the research sample fit the final population. A total of 352 manufacturing enterprises formed the resulting sample representative - enterprise size and type of industry designated according to the European standard industry classification system. Methods of contingency analysis and interval estimates of the population proportion were used to test the stated hypotheses. The testing confirmed a dependence between the practical use of a broader scale of controlling tools and the performance of enterprises measured by the return on sales (ROS) indicator, as well as the difference in the perception of barriers to the implementation of controlling depending on the size of enterprises. Controlling with the assistance of software support of the management information system, with a detailed implementation process and precisely defined competencies of employees and controllable KPI, creates the potential to increase the complexity of management and performance of enterprises as well as the elimination of potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to systematically review remote sensing data fusion techniques, autonomous vehicle driving perception algorithms, and mobility simulation tools in smart transportation systems. The findings and analyses highlight that visual perception algorithms, sensing and computing technologies, and route planning and control tools configure networked digital infrastructures. Throughout March 2022, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including "smart transportation systems" + "remote sensing data fusion techniques," "autonomous vehicle driving perception algorithms," and "mobility simulation tools." As research published between 2019 and 2022 was inspected, only 92 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. By taking out controversial or ambiguous findings (insufficient/irrelevant data), outcomes unsubstantiated by replication, too general material, or studies with nearly identical titles, we selected 15 mainly empirical sources. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AMSTAR, Dedoose, Distiller SR, and SRDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to empirically examine Industry 4.0 manufacturing systems. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from BCG, Capgemini, Deloitte, McKinsey, PwC, SME, and Software AG, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding networked, smart, and responsive devices. The structural equation modeling technique was used to test the research model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]