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This edited volume by CSS' Myriam Dunn Cavelty and CSS director Andreas Wenger, examines new and challenging political aspects of cyber security and presents it as an issue defined by socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation. The first part looks at the current use of cyber space in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state actors in an environment defined by uncertainties. Within this, it highlights four key debates that encapsulate the complexities and paradoxes of cyber security politics from a Western perspective. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber security, global governance, technology studies, and international relations., Dieser Sammelband, herausgegeben von CSS Forscherin Myriam Dunn Cavelty und CSS Direktor Andreas Wenger, untersucht neue und herausfordernde politische Aspekte der Cybersicherheit und präsentiert sie als eine Problematik, welche durch sozio-technologische Unsicherheit und politische Fragmentierung definiert ist. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit der aktuellen Nutzung des Cyberraums in Konfliktsituationen, während sich der zweite Teil auf politische Reaktionen staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Akteure in einem von Unsicherheiten geprägten Umfeld konzentriert. Darin werden vier Schlüsseldebatten hervorgehoben, welche die Komplexität und Paradoxa der Cybersicherheitspolitik aus westlicher Perspektive zusammenfassen. Dieses Buch wird von grossem Interesse für Studierende der Cybersicherheit, Global Governance, Technologiestudien und internationalen Beziehungen sein., CSS Studies in Security and International Relations, ISBN:978-1-003-11022-4, ISBN:978-0-367-62674-7, ISBN:978-0-367-62664-8

This paper identifies the factors shaping Industrial Data (ID) use and sharing among Southeastern energy firms. The research questions underlying this study are: 1. What factors affect an energy firm’s decision to use and share ID 2. To what extent does ID use entail strategic or collaborative sharing arrangements with other firms 3. What are the procedures by which these arrangements take shape? Contrary to other research findings, agglomeration economies and locational advantages based on Information Technology (IT) infrastructure were not drivers of ID development in the Southeast. Data localization and data protection laws were also not found to influence how Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) handle transnational data flows. The decision-making procedures by which ID arrangements take shape instead depend on strategic choices around data management and the evolution of the cloud services market. Business model adaptation among OEMs has significant impacts on data management practices. While diversified energy service offerings remain sparse among Investor-Owned Utilities (IOUs), OEMs are experiencing an increased complementarity of demand between goods and services as they start to divest from central power generation. For example, demand for gas turbines or transformers coupled with demand for analytics services to minimize failure and downtimes was indicative of a shift from isolated products to services built around products. In the ongoing convergence environment between IT and legacy Operational Technology (OT), access to data is more relevant than ownership. The ownership of intellectual property in software and algorithms that enable the continued use and reuse of data for various business ends drives firms’ competitive advantages. However, despite the flexibility afforded by the latest opensource developments in data management, such as container platforms, we found no evidence of energy firms sufficiently leveraging these tools. Our analysis of the role of standards in the ID ecosystem’s evolution shows no risk of serious harm due to vendor lock-in, particularly in the smart grid. The path-dependent inertia of IEEE 1815/DNP3, lack of awareness and perceived benefit of IEC 61850, and strategic OEM preferences for DNP3 involve the kinds of switching costs that are to be expected in a competitive market environment. These costs are dependent on the economic and organizational barriers defining the position of the utility in question along its technological migration path (legacy infrastructure, hybrid systems, or fully digital substations). Costs for deployment may progressively shrink as legacy infrastructure continues to be replaced. We recommend that Investor-Owned Utilities better leverage the capabilities that data science has to offer and foster ongoing relationships with large OEMs or third-party energy service providers with proven track-records of providing added business value. As a matter of regional economic policy, methods to facilitate market entry for third-party energy service providers should be explored.

This paper examines the legal and Internet governance controversies over country code top-level domain names (ccTLDs). In recent litigation (Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran and ICANN), terrorism victims argued that ccTLDs are property and attempted to seize Iran’s .IR domain for compensation. In refusing to uphold this claim, an appeals court ruled that a court-ordered redelegation would impair the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers’ (ICANN’s) role in global Internet governance. While the .IR case is recent, the underlying tensions between state sovereignty, the role of ICANN and the rights of organizations that have been awarded ccTLDs have been simmering for two decades. Three governance models are in play: a sovereignty-based model, a property rights/market-based model, and a global public trustee model. The legal and political science literature leaves this Internet governance issue unexplored and unsettled, while court rulings on the property status of domains have been mixed or indecisive. Most legal scholars merely assume that states have sovereignty rights over their ccTLDs and do not critically assess the justification for, or the implications of, a sovereignty-based model. Likewise, many legal scholars, governments and Internet governance institutions have resisted recognizing TLD delegations as a property right, but their arguments are often based on misunderstandings of the economics and technology of the domain name system. Drawing on law, economics and sovereignty theories, this paper shows that top-level domain names have all the essential features of a property right. It argues that a governance regime that recognized them as such would be preferable to a regime based on sovereignty claims or a global public trustee model., Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 18 No 2: 2016-2017

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Frage, ob es staatliche Souveränität im Cyberspace geben kann. Er kommt zu einem differenzierten Ergebnis: Zunächst muss Souveränität im und Souveränität über den Cyberspace unterschieden werden. Letzteres stellt die Kontrolle über den Cyberspace in Form staatlicher Strukturen dar. Demgegenüber meint Souveränität im Cyberspace ein Äquivalent zur Souveränität, das mit virtuellen Mitteln erreicht werden kann, also im Sinne eines Gewaltmonopols im virtuellen Raum. Zu beiden Typen fällt die Bilanz skeptisch aus. Über ein Gewaltmonopol im Cyberspace verfügen Staaten offenbar nicht. Demgegenüber ist staatliche Souveränität über den Cyberspace technisch zwar durchaus möglich, sie würde aber das Ende des Internets, wie wir es kennen, bedeuten. Der virtuelle Raum würde eine erhebliche Fragmentierung erfahren. Diese ist keineswegs wünschenswert, denn sie würde das Innovationspotential der Internetentwicklung hemmen. Dies beträfe nicht zuletzt auch die gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten. Wenn Normen durch Fragmentierung geschützt werden, müssen sie sich nicht mehr international durchsetzen. Das Internet bedroht zwar das klassische Konzept territorialer Souveränität. Allerdings könnte die Internetgemeinde gerade aus dieser Krise heraus eine neue Form transnationaler demokratischer Souveränität etablieren., Journal of Self-Regulation and Regulation, Vol 1 (2015): Special Issue: Wer regiert das Internet? Regulierungsstrukturen und -prozesse im virtuellen Raum, Starting Point and Frequency: Issues per volume: 1, Volumes per year: 2