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In this research, we compared thermochronological and traditional one-dimensional thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV), Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos Basins in Colombia. These models allow us to relate cooling/heating histories to exhumation events, subsidence, fault activities, and fluid flow. The Eastern Cordillera and Eastern Llanos Basins are discriminated as prospective zones for hydrocarbon (HC) generation. The De Armas Syncline at the MMV basin shows high thermal maturity (127°C), describing rocks completely depleted in terms of HC generation. The eastern zone of this syncline is buried until it reaches temperatures above 150°C. The contrast between thermal models in the Eastern Cordillera basin suggests a possible sediment supply scenario from the west to the east of the Soapaga Fault. In the Eastern Llanos basin, the thermal histories between both models explain the latest uplift and sediment supply processes from the hinterland zone of the Eastern Cordillera to the foothill zone of the Eastern Llanos basin. In terms of thermal evolution, the three basins are different, reaching different levels of burial and HC maturity. However, in terms of cooling events related to exhumation, the basins have similarities as they are controlled by the mountain building of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.

Quiet ego is a relatively novel, increasingly studied, multi-dimensional concept characterized by a compassionate, interdependent worldview and an adaptive balance between self-interest and concern for others. Quiet ego has been associated with a range of characteristics that can promote relationship quality, responding effectively in the face of challenges, and greater well-being. However, it is currently unknown to what extent quiet ego translates across cultures and settings. The present research leverages cultural and organizational theories to evaluate the conceptual and structural validity of quiet ego for Latinx/Hispanic individuals in the U.S. and to examine relationships among quiet ego, work supervisor relationship quality, and goals in the workplace. Employed college student participants ( n = 831; n Latinx/Hispanic = 305) completed an online survey, and collected data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. Findings confirmed the overall structural model of quiet ego with four primary dimensions (perspective taking, inclusive identity, detached awareness, and growth-mindedness) and indicated that this structure did not differ between Latinx/Hispanic and non-Latinx/Hispanic subsamples. Further, results cohered with the proposed model suggesting that quiet ego might facilitate relationship quality with a workplace supervisor, which, in turn could foster balanced, intrinsically motivating perceptions that one's work goals benefit both oneself and others (mutual gain motivation). The study suggests that quiet ego may be a construct with meaning and utility in Latinx/Hispanic populations and in employment settings. However, further research is needed, and specific suggestions for future study are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Purposes: To describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with keratitis in patients with corneal foreign bodies in Colombia., Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on a clinical records review of patients who had corneal foreign bodies and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2018 and June 2019 in Cali, Colombia. The primary outcome was the presence of keratitis diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors., Results: A total of 381 corneal foreign bodies in 372 patients were analyzed (median age, 40.0; interquartile range, 29.0-53.0 years; male, 94.7% (n=352). Ninety-five patients developed keratitis (24.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.8%-29.5%). In the multivariate analysis, age 30 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% CI 1.06-4.36), finding of aqueous flare (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.39-5.66]), and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.19-3.50] were associated with an increased risk for keratitis. Sex, time between injury and admission, and corneal edema were not related to keratitis (p>0.05)., Conclusion: In Cali, Colombia, a high proportion of keratitis was reported in patients with corneal foreign body. Age, an aqueous flare, and a foreign body in the peripheral cornea were the factors associated with keratitis.

Pimavanserin is a highly selective 5-HT 2A inverse agonist in current medical use. Prior studies suggest that 5-HT 2A serotonin receptors may play a role in anxiety and emotional memory. Therefore, pimavanserin was tested in a rat model of PTSD to determine whether it might ameliorate PTSD-like symptoms. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is estimated to be 125% higher in women than men. Consequently, in an effort to create a robust model of PTSD that was more representative of human PTSD prevalence, 20-week old female rats of the emotionally hyperreactive Lewis strain were used for these studies. The rats were single-housed and exposed twice to restraint stress coupled with predator odor or to a sham-stressed condition. Twenty days after the second stress or sham-stress exposure, rats were injected with saline alone or with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg pimavanserin, doses that were confirmed to substantially block 5-HT 2A receptor activity in this study without causing any non-specific behavioral or adverse effects. One hour later, rats were tested for anxiety through acoustic startle response, the elevated plus-maze and three parameters of open field behavior. Five days later, blood was sampled for plasma corticosterone. The stressed/saline-injected rats had higher anxiety scores and corticosterone levels than sham-stressed/saline-injected rats. Pimavanserin significantly and generally dose-dependently reversed these persistent stress effects, but had no significant effect on the behavioral measures in normal, non-stressed rats. These results, consistent with a role for the 5-HT 2A receptor, suggest that pimavanserin might have potential to reduce some consequences of traumatic stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Supported by funding from Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. to the University of Houston-Clear Lake, and by the University of Houston-clear Lake Biobehavioral Research Fund. Co-author Ethan S. Burstein is an employee of Acadia Pharmaceuticals., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Social support is associated prospectively with cognitive decline and dementia among the elderly; however, little is known about the impact of social support on healthy neurological aging. The current study investigates whether perceived social support has an influence on neurological health among a large sample of healthy postmenopausal women. Social support and neuropsychological outcomes were measured annually for six years through the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging. In postmenopausal women, higher perceived social support was associated with significantly better overall neuropsychological functioning at baseline, especially in the domains of short-delay figural memory, short-delay verbal memory, and semantic fluency. No significant associations were found between social support and longitudinal changes in neuropsychological function over a median follow-up period of six years. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between social support and regional brain volumes. These findings suggest that social support is related to performance in a subset of neuropsychological domains and contributes to the existing literature that points to the importance of social support as a modifiable lifestyle factor that has the potential to help protect against the decline of cognitive aging, specifically among older adult women.

Music is ubiquitous. Despite the fact that most people find music enjoyable, there are individual differences in the degree to which listeners derive pleasure from music. However, there has been little focus on how musical reward may change across the lifespan. Some theories predict that there would be little change, or even an increase in musical reward across the lifespan, while others suggest that older adults may have decreased capacity for musical reward. Here, we investigated musical reward across the lifespan. Participants consisted of American adults ranging between 20-85 years old ( n  = 20 participants in each 10-year age bin). Participants in Study 1 completed the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), which is a multi-dimensional assessment of musical reward. We found a negative correlation between age and BMRQ scores, suggesting decreases in musical reward across the lifespan. When investigating which components were driving this effect, we found that the music seeking subscale was the strongest predictor of age. Participants in Study 2 completed the Aesthetic Experiences in Music Scale (AES-M), which focuses on intense emotional responses to music. In contrast to the BMRQ, we found no relationship between age and scores on the AES-M, suggesting that strong emotional responses to music are consistent across the lifespan. These results have implications for the use of music as a therapeutic tool in older adults. In addition, this work points to the importance of considering age when investigating reward for music and suggests that the ways individuals experience music may change across the lifespan.

Finding new alternatives to traditional live preys such as Artemia and rotifers, which do not always promote optimal fish growth and survival, is required for the successful aquaculture of highly specialized predatory species, including seahorses. The present study assessed the nutritional value of an interesting marine amphipod ( Parhyale hawaiensis ), and evaluates through a feeding trial its potential use as a natural prey for 10-months lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus . P. hawaiensis showed high levels of valuable lipids (20.4-26.7% on dry matter basis) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ( 26.4-41% of total FAs), including the long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) (2.9-7.7%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (4.3-6.5%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.1-6.2%). A comparison between wild-captured and cultured amphipods revealed a significant improvement of the amphipod FA profile in terms of DHA%, total omega-3 (n3) FAs and n3/n6 ratio when employing both a conventional amphipod culture based on a commercial shrimp diet, and, to a lesser extent, a large (3,500 L) biofloc system. Seahorses fed with frozen/wild amphipods, either singly or in combination with Artemia enriched with Super Selco® (INVE Aquaculture, Belgium) for 57 days, substantially improved seahorse growth and FA profiles in terms of ARA, EPA and DHA%, including indices associated to marine sources, such as Σn3 and n3/n6, compared to a diet based solely on enriched Artemia . These results support the use of marine amphipods as an alternative food organism for juvenile H. erectus and suggest a potential use for general marine aquaculture., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 Vargas-Abúndez et al.)

Marine amphipods are gaining attention in aquaculture as a natural live food alternative to traditional preys such as brine shrimps ( Artemia spp.). The use of Artemia is convenient for the culture of many marine species, but often problematic for some others, such as seahorses and other marine ornamental species. Unlike Artemia , marine amphipods are consumed by fish in their natural environment and show biochemical profiles that better match the nutritional requirements of marine fish, particularly of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Despite their potentially easy culture, there are no established culture techniques and a deeper knowledge on the reproductive biology, nutritional profiles and culture methodologies is still needed to potentiate the optimization of mass production. The present study assessed, for the first time, the aquaculture potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus , two cosmopolitan marine gammarids (as per traditional schemes of classification) that naturally proliferate in the wild and in aquaculture facilities. For that purpose, aspects of the population and reproductive biology of the species were characterized and then a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to determine amphipod productivity, the time needed to reach sexual maturity by hatchlings (generation time), cannibalism degree, the effects of sex ratio on fecundity and the effects of diet (shrimp diet, plant-based diet and commercial fish diet) on fecundity and juvenile growth. P. hawaiensis , unlike E. pectenicrus , was easily maintained and propagated in laboratory conditions. P. hawaiensis showed a higher total length (9.3 ± 1.3 mm), wet weight (14.4 ± 6.2 mg), dry weight (10.5 ± 4.4 mg), females/males sex ratio (2.24), fecundity (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female), and gross energy content (16.71 ± 0.67 kJ g-1) compared to E. pectenicrus (7.9 ± 1.2 mm total length; 8.4 ± 4.3 mg wet weight; 5.7 ± 3.2 mg dry weight; 1.34 females/males sex ratio; 6.5 ± 3.9 embryos per female; 12.86 ± 0.82 kJ g -1 gross energy content). P. hawaiensis juvenile growth showed a small, but significant, reduction by the use of a plant-based diet compared to a commercial shrimp and fish diet; however, fecundity was not affected, supporting the possible use of inexpensive diets to mass produce amphipods as live or frozen food. Possible limitations of P. hawaiensis could be their quite long generation times (50.9 ± 5.8 days) and relatively low fecundity levels (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female). With an observed productivity rate of 0.36 ± 0.08 juveniles per amphipod couple per day, P. hawaiensis could become a specialty feed for species that cannot easily transition to a formulated diet such as seahorses and other highly priced marine ornamental species., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2021 Vargas-Abúndez et al.)

Introduction: Several of the brain regions vulnerable to increased levels of stress (i.e., hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) are also known to undergo disproportionate decline during normal aging. To date, surprisingly little research has examined the effects of stress on the brain among healthy human populations, much less in the elderly. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between chronic stress and brain morphometry in regions known for their involvement in the stress response, namely the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, in a sample of healthy older adults., Method: The Perceived Stress Scale and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected in 28 older adult individuals aged 65 to 90 years. Gray and white matter volumes in various regions of interest in the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobes were calculated using semiautomated segmentation tools., Results: Perceived stress was negatively correlated with overall prefrontal cortex (PFC) volume, specifically in overall white matter volume of the PFC. Additionally, perceived stress was negatively correlated with gray and white matter volumes in lateral regions of the PFC, specifically, in the ventrolateral and dorsolateral PFC. Perceived stress was not significantly related to medial temporal lobe volumes., Conclusions: These findings suggest that among healthy older adults, there is a salient relationship between prefrontal cortex volumes and levels of perceived stress. This research fills a critical gap in the current literature and provides initial groundwork for future studies investigating the relationship between perceived stress and the prefrontal cortex in the context of healthy aging.