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Introduction: This study examines the effects of the new Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) operating from 1st November 2014 on the number of Medicare rebated panoramic radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans., Methods: Data for rebated PR and CBCT scans were extracted from Medicare Australia Statistics online for four 12-month periods: November 2011-October 2012, November 2012-October 2013, November 2013-October 2014 and December 2014-November 2015., Results: There was a reduction in the number of CBCT scans rebated across Australia under the new MBS. Nationally, December 2014-November 2015 showed a 65.3% reduction in the number of CBCT scans when compared to the peak in the previous 12 months under the old MBS. The number of rebated PR scans remained constant., Conclusion: The new MBS implemented on 1st November 2014 resulted in a reduction in the number of rebated CBCT scans, but had no effect on rebated PR scans. Overall, there has been considerable cost savings for Medicare due to the change in MBS. Additionally, the reduction in the number of rebated CBCT scans has resulted in a substantial reduction in the ionising radiation load to the Australian community as a whole, but especially the younger age groups., (© 2017 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.)