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Recent molecular ecological studies have focused on how the relationships between physical and ecological factors influence marine biogeography. Comparative phylogeography using closely related species is a powerful approach to evaluate the role of ecological traits in the genetic variation of marine organisms. In the present study, we compared ecological traits and genetic variation in 3 species of the intertidal snail genusMonodontathat co-occur in the Japanese and Ryukyu archipelagoes. We found thatM. labiowas dominant in sheltered habitats andM. perplexawas dominant in wave-exposed habitats, whileM. confusashowed no habitat specificity. This indicates thatM. labioandM. perplexaarehabitat specialists regarding wave exposure, whileM. confusais a generalist.M. labioandM. perplexashowed lower genetic diversity and greater genetic differentiation among populations thanM. confusa. Our findings support the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis in a well-connected marine environment.

Margaritifera monodonta, or the Spectaclecase Mussel, is a federally endangered freshwater mussel species that has experienced a 55% reduction in range and is currently concentrated in 3 ri...

Although marine phylogeographers have accumulated knowledge of the evolutionary history of various invertebrates, there is a large bias among the taxa regarding genetic data. The order Polycladida is a typical example for which little genetic information at population level is available. Here, we focused on the polyclad flatwormStylochoplana pusilla, distributed in the Japanese Pacific coastal area.Stylochoplana pusillais known to have commensal relationships with certain intertidal snails, using snails (mainlyMonodonta confusa) as a refugee house. During low tide,S. pusillahides in the mantle cavity of snails to protect themselves from desiccation and predation. Here, we investigated the genetic structure ofS. pusillausing a mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I marker and the species diversity of snails used by it. We found thatS. pusillahas high genetic diversity of its populations. WhileS. pusillashowed a significant genetic differentiation among populations, it was relatively low. In addition, we also showed thatS. pusillaused several intertidal snail species which inhabit various coastal environments. The present study suggestsS. pusillahas sufficient dispersal ability to connect among its local populations. Also, the range of available snails forS. pusillamay help the connectivity among local populations. We provide important knowledge about this invertebrate taxon with a unique ecology, which has been insufficiently studied.

Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3127-3134. Mangrove forests are crucial to gastropods providing breeding and nursery grounds, food sources, and shelter from predators. They are useful bioindicators of environmental pollution. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the species richness of gastropods mangrove environments. This study aims to provide information about the species composition of mangrove snails in the South Coast of Pamekasan (Madura Island), East Java, Indonesia. Samplings were performed at low tide from 4 stations in December 2019 using a transect (10m x 10m). All samples were identified using reference books and published journal. We found a total of 10 family consist of Assimineidae, Cerithiidae, Ellobiidae, Littorinidae, Muricidae, Neritidae, Olividae, Planaxidae, Potamididae, and Trochidae with consist of 15 Genus, i.e., Assiminea, Clypeomorus, Cerithium, Rhinoclavis, Laemodonta, Littorarina, Tenguella, Semiricinula, Nerita, Clithon, Oliva, Planaxis, Pirenella, Telescopium, and Monodonta. The most common substrate where mangrove snails were found was rocks, sandy, and around the tree and roots of mangrove. All gastropods in this study found alive during our surveys and predominantly mangrove associated. We assume that there are still many snails that have not been surveyed at the location. We suggest to the future researcher to survey through different sampling efforts and sampling methods such as quantitative or semi-quantitative methods.

glomus, Nassa [Nassarius recidivus (Martens, 1876)] (Figures 21E, F) 1890c: 185 [XXXVIII c: 919]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–30031— 1 sh “ N. glomus Monts Sardegna (Tib.)” + label in Tiberi’s handwriting “ Nassa semistriata (Bucc.), Broc. Fondi coralligeni. Sardegna viv.te” Type locality. Described from Sardinia (Italy). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Nassarius recidivus (Martens, 1876)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

Anatomical data on Solariellaobscura (Couthouy, 1838) are presented and analyzed. The main features of this species, when compared with other known trochoids, are: ctenidium with thick lamellae; enlarged ureter (that may indicate sexual dimorphism) instead of a modified urogenital papilla; odontophore very different from other trochoids such as Calliostoma, Agathistoma, Monodonta, and Gaza, with short m6, large mj and m4 pairs and absent m8 pair and posterior cartilages; esophageal valve surrounding the odontophore ventrally; anterior and mid-esophagus composed of several thin folds and a very wide cerebral ganglion. Solariellaobscura differs from Solariellavaricosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842) by having lower spire, spiral cords weaker on the base and axial rib oblique. There are no differences between S.obscura and S.varicosa in the external morphology and radula. These internal anatomical data are described for the first time for a solariellid and might improve our understanding of the relationships within this taxon.

2 of Ulva frond, hole areas ranged from 0.37 to 5.94 cm 2 , and between 4.9 and 36.2 holes were observed. Fourteen residential animal species were observed at the three evaluated sites, 75.0 (Haseom) to 408.7 individuals 100 g -1 Ulva (Pohang) per site. The dominant residential species at each site differed with Amphithoe sp. at Haseom, Monodonta spp. at Pohang, and Pagurus sp. at Woedo. The growth (frond area, wet weight) and hole number of Ulva fronds, and the number of residential animals were significantly greater in samples collected from the sheltered shore than the wave-exposed shore of Seongsan. The present results showed U. australis grew well at sheltered shores and had more holes on the fronds due to abundance of residen- tial animals. The dominant residential animals (crabs, gammaridea, and snails) were similar in the Ulva populations of sheltered and wave-exposed shores, but greater species diversity was observed at the exposed shore (18 species ver. 11 species). In conclusion, U. australis is a keystone species providing habitat to various invertebrates and frond holes are positively correlated to the number of residential animals.

Marine organisms with a planktonic larval stage can passively disperse long distance and are thus expected to have a wider distribution range and lower geographic variation. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that they often display a clear geographic genetic structure or even form a geographically fragmented species complex. These genetic divergences can be facilitated by the presence of dispersal barriers such as oceanic currents and/or by the limitation of suitable habitats. Using comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, we evaluate how such dispersal barriers shape genetic divergence and speciation in the intertidal snail genus Monodonta. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed various patterns of cladogenesis in Monodonta in East Asia. Genetic segregation between the Japanese and Ryukyu Archipelagos are detected in M. labio and M. perplexa perplexa. However, the relationship of geographical border and lineages does not correspond to those two because they show different habitat preference. M. labio distributed in the Japanese mainland is separated by the boundary corresponding to the point from which oceanic currents split into different directions. In contrast, species inhabiting various environments such as M. confusa are not genetically separated in Japan. In the peripheral oceanic Ogasawara Islands, two Monodonta species form each endemic lineage, although these two underwent different colonization processes to the islands. These findings suggest that the genus Monodonta has been genetically diversified around Japan, probably due to its correlations with dispersal ability, oceanic current, and habitat preferences. These factors may be effective causes for diversification of marine gastropods with a planktonic stage.

With the aim to assess the gastropod mollusk Monodonta turbinata as biomonitor of trace metal pollution in seawater of a central Tyrrhenian ecosystem (Pontine Islands archipelago, Italy), one hundred individuals were collected in five strategic locations in two sampling campaigns during 2011 and 2012. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in the mollusks and in seawater samples (soluble fraction) collected in the same sites in order to obtain the respective concentration factors (CFs). Two-way ANOVA was applied to verify the presence of site and time effects. Then, the significant time effect due to the two sampling campaigns was eliminated by defining six new variables (one for each metal) and applied multivariate statistics in order to obtain more reliable results. Subsequently, the levels of metal contamination of Pontine Islands were compared with the naturality concentration ranges (control charts) previously established for the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy; Conti et al. in Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:3640–3651, 2015). Monodonta resulted to be a very good accumulator of Cd (CF = 2100) and good accumulator of Cr (CF = 1570), Pb (CF = 1000) and Zn (CF = 1160). Levels of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn in Monodonta from 2011 to 2012 decreased in the range from −22.8 of Pb to −41.9% of Cd in Ponza Frontone, Ponza Cala Fonte and Ponza harbor sites; on the contrary, Cr and Cu showed an increase of 3.4 and 63.7%, respectively, in the same sites from 2011 to 2012. A not univocal trend of metal bioaccumulation patterns between the two sampling campaigns (2011–2012) in the selected sites was observed. No one site resulted to be evidently more contaminated than another (i.e., Ponza harbor site as expected). In general, the metal levels in these marine areas are low and within the previously established baseline ranges for Tyrrhenian Sea (control charts). The results here reported can be used as a reference baseline levels for comparison with other marine geographical areas.

Monodonta sp. Figs 2 B–C Monodonta sp.: Zvonareva et al. 2015: 8. Material examined. Dam Bay, mangrove plantation, 3 specimens. Abundance. Rare. Measurements. Up to 12 mm. Ecological notes. Found on sediment surface in mid intertidal zone. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39."]}

Monodonta sp. Figs 2 B–C Monodonta sp.: Zvonareva et al. 2015: 8. Material examined. Dam Bay, mangrove plantation, 3 specimens. Abundance. Rare. Measurements. Up to 12 mm. Ecological notes. Found on sediment surface in mid intertidal zone. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast.

Monodonta australis Lamarck, 1822 Monodonta australis Lamarck, 1922 b: 35, no. 11. Dautzenberg, 1929: 538. Viader, 1937: 55. Barnard, 1963 a: 253, fig. 14 c. Kennelly, 1964: 55, pl. 4, fig. 21. Day, 1969: 159. Kensley, 1973: 40, fig. 89. Richards, 1981: 35, pl. 9, fig. 64. Kilburn & Rippey, 1982: 41, pl. 8, fig. 20. Steyn & Lussi, 1998: 22, fig. 70. Jarrett, 2000: 4, fig. 9. Branch et al., 2010: 176, fig. 77.2. Marais, 2011: 64. Type loc.: ‘les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande’ [the seas of Australia]; holotype in MHNG (1096 / 28), [not discussed by Mermod]. Trochus labio (non Linnaeus, 1758)— Krauss, 1848: 100. Trochus australis — Krauss, 1848: 100. P. Fischer, 1877 in 1875–1880: 227, pl. 74, figs 1, 2. Trochus (Monodonta) australis — Martens, 1880: 296. Bisacchi, 1931: 179. Distribution. Tropical Indian Ocean to E. Cape (East London); intertidal. Notes. Also recorded from Japan (Sasaki 2000)., Published as part of Herbert, David G., 2015, An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 4049 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4049.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/245367, {"references":["Dautzenberg, P. (1929) Contribution a l'etude de la faune de Madagascar. Mollusca II, Mollusca marina testacea. Faunes des colonies Francais, 3 (4), 115 - 430 (321 - 636).","Viader, R. (1937) Revised catalogue of the testaceous Mollusca of Mauritius and its dependencies. Mauritius Institute Bulletin, 1, i - xiii + 1 - 111, plus map.","Barnard, K. H. (1963 a) Contributions to the knowledge of South African marine Mollusca. Part IV. Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata: Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa. Tectibranchiata. Polyplacophora. Solenogastres. Scaphopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 47, 201 - 360.","Kennelly, D. H. (1964) Marine Shells of Southern Africa. First edition. Nelson, Johannesburg, 92 pp., 30 pls.","Day, J. H. (1969) A Guide to Marine Life on South African Shores. Balkema, Cape Town, 300 pp.","Richards, D. (1981) South African Shells - a Collector's Guide. Struik, Cape Town, 98 pp., 60 pls.","Kilburn, R. N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan, Johannesburg, 249 pp., 46 pls.","Jarrett, A. G. (2000) Marine Shells of the Seychelles. Carol Green Publishing, Cambridge, 149 pp.","Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. E. (2010) Two Oceans. A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa. Revised Edition. David Philip, Cape Town, 456 pp.","Marais, A. (2011) Field Guide to South African Seashells: Cape Region. Centre for Molluscan Studies, Groenkloof, 104 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.","Krauss, F. (1848) Die sudafrikanischen Mollusken. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Kap- und Natallandes und zur geographischen Verbreitung derselben, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung der neuen Arten. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, ii + 140 pp., 6 pls.","Fischer, P. (1875 - 1880) Genres Calcar, Trochus, Xenophora, Tectarius et Risella. In: Kiener, L. C. (Ed.), Species general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes .... J-B. Baillere et fils, Paris, Vol. 11, pp. i - iii, 1 - 480, pls. 1 - 120. [1 - 96, 1875; 97 - 144, 1876; 145 - 240, 1877; 241 - 336, 1878; 337 - 463, 1879 - 80; index 464 - 480]","Martens, E. von (1880) Mollusken. In: Mobius, K. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen. Gutmann, Berlin, pp. 181 - 352, pls. 19 - 22.","Bisacchi, J. (1931) Alcuni Trochus del Mar Rosso. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" Giacomo Doria \", 55, 176 - 182.","Sasaki, T. (2000) Trochidae. In: Okutani, T. (Ed.), Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 55 - 83."]}

The paper presents and compares the results of microstructural analysis of two different Adriatic Sea shells, both belonging to the species of sea snails, namely the Adriatic Monodonta and the Mediterranean limpet. Although both seashells are coastal marine gastropod molluscs, they do have a very distinctive microstructure. The detailed microscopic analysis has shown that the Monodonta consists mainly of nacre. On the other hand, the limpet’s shell showed a crossedlamellar microstructure, which extends through almost the whole cross section of the shell. Average measured aragonite layers thicknesses are 0.454 and 0.360 um in Monodonta and limpet shell, respectively.