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In this work, As60Cu40-xSex thin films were synthesized, and the pulsed laser deposition method was used to study the effected partial replacement of copper with selenium. The electrical characteristics and optical characteristics, as indicated by the absorbance and transmittance as a function of wavelength were calculated. Additionally, the energy gap was computed. The electrical conductivity of the DC in the various conduction zones was calculated by measuring the current and voltage as a function of temperature. Additionally, the mathematical equations are used to compute the energy constants, electron hopping distance, tail width, pre-exponential factor, and density of the energy states in variation zones (densities of the energetic extended states N(Eext), localize N(Eloc) and at the Fermi states N(Ef)). The acquired data also demonstrated that the selenium concentration obviously had an impact on the electrical conduction mechanics, energy states, and the level of randomization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy density state are the powerful factor for evaluate the validity of a material in any application. This research focused on examining the electrical properties of the Se6Te4-xSbx glass semiconductor with x=1, 2 and 3, using the thermal evaporation technique. D.C electrical conductivity was used by determine the current, voltage and temperatures, where the electrical conductivity was studied as a function of temperature and the mechanical electrical conduction were determined in the different conduction regions (the extended and localized area and at the Fermi level). In addition, the density of the energy states in these regions is calculated using the mathematical equations. The constants of energy density states are determined, namely the electron hopping distance, the width of the tails, and pre - exponential factor. The densities of the energetic states (extended N (Eext), localize N (Eloc) and at the Fermi states N (Ef) will be calculated in each of the regions. Moreover, the effect of partial substitution of Se with antimony on energy states and degree of randomness, results observed that the energy densities changing with an increase antimony Sb concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:  The effect of physical exercise on hypothyroidism exists argumentative and require more ferrets. Poor knowledge of the patients with hypothyroidism regarding physical exercise and Activity Daily Livings (ADLs) can change in their lifestyle, deteriorate symptoms and complications.   Objective: The main objective of the present research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an instructional program on hypothyroidism patients’ knowledge toward physical exercise and ADLs.   Methodology: one group study (pretest– posttest) a pre experimental design study was used to conduct this study at Baghdad teaching hospitals from 2th March, 2021 to 30th   Jun, 2021. A purposive sampling non probability was applied to select 50 patients with hypothyroidism were coming to Baghdad teaching hospitals. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by 20 experts. The reliability was determined the knowledge questionnaire by using (test and retest) approach. Statistics were used to analyze the results of the study using (SPSS) version (22). Results: Statistically significant differences found between the scores of the patients’ knowledge in two levels of measurements (pre- test and post-test) at (p<0.01), where the statistical global mean of score (GMS) for knowledge of patients regarding the physical exercise in pre-test was (0.195), while GMS . becomes (0.880) in post-test. Furthermore, there is no relationship among age, gender and level of education variables and hypothyroidism patients’ knowledge toward physical exercise and ADLs at (p>0.05) in pre and posttest. Conclusion: Poor knowledge of hypothyroidism patients’ toward physical exercise and Activity Daily Livings (ADLs) in (pretest) and clear improvement in their knowledge of the patients after applying the instructional program in (posttest) and there is no relationship between Socio- Demographic variables(Age, Gender and Level of education) with knowledge of hypothyroidism patients’ regard to physical exercise and  ADLs. Recommendations: The study recommends conduct further large cross- sectional studies on big populations to develop the knowledge of the patients and achieving the well-being of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed for molecular characterization of local isolates of L. tropica and L. major and their relatedness to reference isolated from neighboring countries. Exudates and dermal tissues were collected from the cutaneous lesions of 50 newly diagnosed patients with CL. Leishmania DNA was extracted from lesion exudate and 5.8S rRNA gene was amplified using two sets of specific primers through nested PCR. A total of 12 PCR products were directly sequenced and the resultant sequences were aligned with reference sequences in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A phylogenetic tree was constructed for local Leishmania isolates with the reference isolates using Mega 6 software. According to alignment results out of 12 sequences, 9 sequences were belonging to L. major, while 3 sequences were belonging to L. tropica. All local L. major isolates were very close to reference isolate KP773404.1 (an Iranian isolate), while all local L. tropica isolates were very close to reference isolate KY612611.1 (an Iranian isolate) with an identity of 98%. Phylogenetic trees confirmed that closest isolates for local Leishmania (whether L. tropica or L. major) was the Iranian isolate. These data indicate that local isolates of L. tropica and L. major are closely related to Iranian isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by intracellular protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus. In endemic areas, only a proportion of exposed subjects develop the disease under almost similar circumstances, reflecting the role of genetic inheritance in resistance and susceptibility to infection. This study aimed To evaluate the association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)+49G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with incidence and severity of CL., Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 110 patients with confirmed CL (60 newly diagnosed and 50 patients undergoing treatment) and 60 healthy subjects of similar age and sex. The CTLA-4 gene fragment corresponding to CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism was amplified and genotyped using tetra primer amplification refractory mutation- polymerase chain reaction system (TARMS-PCR) methods. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) was estimated in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: The GG genotype of CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism was significantly more common in controls than in patients (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02-0.58, p = 0.009). At allelic level, G allele was much more common in controls than in patients (30.83% vs. 17.73%) with a significant difference (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.23-3.48, p = 0.006). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between newly diagnosed and treated patients. Median serum concentration of sCTLA-4 in newly diagnosed patients was 72.6 pg/ml (range 15.6-127 pg/ml) which was higher than either controls (median = 16.3 pg/ml, range 0.8-48.5 pg/ml) or treated patients (median = 17.9 pg/ml, range 2.9-74.7 pg/ml) with highly significant differences, while there was no significant difference between controls and treated patients. The median sCTLA-4 level was comparable across genotypes of the CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism, with no significant difference., Conclusions: Collectively, these results show the protective role of allele G of the SNP CTLA-4+49G/A against CL and increased serum sCTLA-4 in newly diagnosed CL patients, which may be used as an additional diagnostic tool. Different genotypes of the CTLA-4+49G/A polymorphism have no effect on sCLTA-4 serum levels., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)