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In this work, Cu NPs were loaded at a fixed percentage (5 wt%) on 1D, (1D + 0D) and 0D ZnO nanostructures to investigate the effect of the support morphology on the reduction of organic pollutants in water. The synthesized materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N

The well-established CdS-NiMoO4 nano-heterojunction showed superior photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation with efficient photostability.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy has become the “gold standard” for managing the expected and unexpected difficult airway. Several drugs have been used to provide adequate sedation to optimize adequate fiberoptic intubation. Objective: To compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate during awake fiberoptic nasal intubation in controlled hypertensive adults undergoing elective surgeries. Patients and methods: Sixty controlled hypertensive patients intubated using awake fiberoptic. They were divided into 2 equal groups: Patients received dexmedetomidine infusion at dose of 1ug/kg, and the other patients received magnesium sulphate at dose of 30mg/kg. Topicalization of airway was done using lidocaine “spray as you go technique”. After completing the loading dose, Ramsay score was assessed before intubation. The 2 groups were compared according to Ramsay score, cough score, facial grimace and hemodynamic changes. This study was done at Al-Azhar University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee, from May 2019 till November 2020. Results: Ramsay score, cough score and facial grimace were favorable with less hemodynamic effects in dexmedetomidine group than magnesium group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was effective sedative agent for awake fiberoptic intubation in controlled hypertensive patients in comparison with magnesium sulphate.

The increasing global demand for petroleum oils has led to a significant increase in their cost and has led to the search for renewable alternative waste resources for biodiesel synthesis and production using novel environmentally sound and acceptable methods. In the current study, Kocuria flava lipase was immobilized on Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite; and used as a biocatalyst for the conversion of cooking oil wastes into biodiesel through the transesterification/esterification process. The characterization of Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite revealed several functional groups including carboxyl (C=O) and epoxy (C-O-C) groups that act as multipoint covalent binding sites between the lipase and the Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite and consequently increasing lipase immobility and stability. The immobilized lipase showed a high thermo-stability as it retained about 70% of its activity at 80 °C after 30 min. The kinetics of immobilized lipase revealed that the Km and Vmax values were 0.02 mM and 32.47 U/mg protein, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized lipase showed high stability and reusability for transesterification/esterification reactions for up to four cycles with a slight decline in the enzyme activity. Furthermore, the produced biodiesel characteristics were compatible with the standards, indicating that the biodiesel obtained is doable and may be utilized in our daily life as a diesel fuel.

To investigate the effectiveness of nebulized magnesium sulfate in treating persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN). Twenty-eight mechanically ventilated term neonates with severe PPHN were randomized into two groups: NebMag group (n = 14), who receiving nebulized isotonic magnesium (1024 mg/h), and IVMag group (n = 14), who received intravenous magnesium (200 mg/kg over 30 min, followed by 50 mg/kg/h). The study time frame was 24 h. Outcome measures were the changes in oxygenation index (OI), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), and serum magnesium level. Baseline demographic, ventilatory, and hemodynamic characteristics were comparable between the two groups. At the end of the study, the OI decreased by 44.3% in the NebMag group compared with 35.3% in the IVMag group (mean difference −3.14; 95%CI −5.08, −1.19; p 0.003). The NebMag group had a higher MABP (mean difference 2.29 mmHg; 95% CI 1.80, 2.77; p 0.000) and lower VIS (mean difference −14.64; 95% CI −16.52, −12.77; p 0.000) at the 24-h study time point. The increase in serum magnesium level, measured at 12-h study time point, was lower in the NebMag group (mean difference −2.26 mmol/L; 95% CI −2.58, −1.96; p 0.000). Nebulized magnesium sulfate may be an effective therapeutic modality for neonates with severe PPHN on mechanical ventilation, but this should be confirmed by larger studies. Retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04328636).

Metallic copper nanoparticle (Cu NP)-doped 1D hydroxyapatite was synthesized using a simple chemical reduction method. To describe the structure and composition of the Cu/HAP nanocomposites, physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, N

Background: Heart rate is an integral part of the clinical assessment of the children with acute illness and is commonly used in pediatric early warning scores. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess our current practice for evaluation and management of bradycardia in children. Patients and methods: The study was conducted in Pediatric Arrhythmia Clinic, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit from March 2020 to August 2021. 61 Neonates and children aged from 1 day to 18 years presenting with bradycardia were included in this study. Predeath bradycardia was excluded. Full medical history, physical examination, basic investigations, 12 leads ECG and echocardiography were performed to all patients. Thyroid function tests, 24 hours Holter monitoring, and stress ECG were done if indicated. Results: 61 patients were included in the study. Heart rate ranged from 44 to 94 beat/minute with mean 69.44 beat/minute, the most common form of presentation was abnormal echocardiography. Hypocalcemia was present in 85.2% of patients. 70.5% of patients had sinus bradycardia, 13% had complete heart block (CHB),10% of patients had long QTc Syndrome with sinus bradycardia, 3.3% had 1st and 2nd degree heart block, 1.6% had ECG changes of ALCAPA with sinus bradycardia and 1.6% had ventricular ectopic. Conclusion: It could be concluded that bradycardia in children needs accurate assessment to rule out the need of acute intervention and to decrease the risk of life-threatening conditions.

In this work, the production of dimethyl ether (DME) from methanol over natural kaolin clay modified through impregnation with various percentages of H2SO4, WO3, or ZrO2 catalysts was investigated. The prepared catalysts were characterized via X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N2-sorption analysis. The acidity of these catalysts was determined through the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol and the chemisorption of pyridine. The catalytic activity performance revealed that the addition of modifiers into kaolin enhanced the latter’s activity toward DME production. In addition, the kaolin clay modified with 10 wt% ZrO2 exhibited excellent activity of 98% conversion with 100% selectivity at 275 °C. Moreover, this catalyst could proceed the reaction for a long time (6 days) without any noticeable deactivation. The remarkable improvement in the catalytic performance achievement was well correlated with the acidity and the structure of the catalysts.

Nanostructured Au33Pd67 alloy films were fabricated on glass using one-step air plasma DC magnetron sputtering. The films exhibited highly sensitive detection of dye molecules (RhB and CV) by the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The synthesized films also showed good catalytic properties for the reduction in 4-nitrophenol at pH ≈ 9.8. Such unique characteristic of the films was linked to the evolution of nanostructure, which can be controlled simply by the sputtering time. At the shorter sputtering time (10 and 20 s), the film was composed of isolated particles. By increasing the sputtering time (30 and 40 s), agglomeration of such nanoparticles resulted in the formation of the partially connected island nanostructures (about 38 nm) which can be confirmed by TEM and electrical resistivity measurement. The detection limit of 1 × 10–12 M RhB and 1 × 10–8 M CV with an enhancement factor of 7 × 107 and 3.3 × 104, respectively, was achieved over the film synthesized at the sputtering time of 30 s. The high sensitivity of this film can be ascribed to the strong electromagnetic field at the junction spots formed between the two adjacent islands. Moreover, this film has a slightly lower SERS, and better catalytic properties, in contrast to Au (30 s) film. Finally, the film providing efficient SERS enhancement is not the most active catalyst. Unlike the SERS, the catalytic activity depends highly on the amount of AuPd deposited.

Background. Nephrotic syndrome is a common kidney disease among children which is characterized by proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, hypoproteinemia, and edema. The urinary losses of proteins including albumin and thyroid-binding globulin might affect the thyroid hormone levels in those children. Objective. To assess the thyroid function in children with nephrotic syndrome during the nephrotic attack and after remission.Methods. This was a prospective study conducted at the Pediatrics department, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt over a one-year period (from January to December 2017). Data were collected from 51 children with nephrotic syndrome aged between 1 and 12 years old. The study participants were subjected to investigations including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, total proteins, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and 24 hours urinary proteins during the nephrotic attack and after remission.Results. The mean age for the study participants was 6.1 ± 2.9 years. Thirty-one participants were males (60.8%). The study found that serum TSH levels were elevated while serum Total T3 and Total T4 were reduced during the nephrotic attack. As regards the thyroid hormone status, we found true hypothyroidism in 12 patients (23.52%) and subclinical hypothyroidism in 24 patients (47.06%) during the nephrotic attack. However, only one patient (1.96%) had true hypothyroidism and 14 patients (27.45%) had subclinical hypothyroidism after remission. Conclusion. A large proportion of children with nephrotic syndrome had thyroid dysfunction in the form of either true (overt) or subclinical hypothyroidism. Therefore, monitoring the thyroid function in those children is important.

Batch adsorption of Congo red (CR) on tartaric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse was performed via varying the experimental factors such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and particle size. Tries were done to fit the equilibrium results using isotherms of Langmiur, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R). Among these, the Langmuir isotherm is not applicable. However, the other three isotherms exhibit correlation coefficient > 0.95, indicating their well applicability to the studied system. Different kinetic models were applied in order to have an insight on the kinetic adsorption process mechanism.

Background: To estimate the various indications, values and misuses of Holter monitoring in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, carried out at Pediatric Arrhythmia Clinic and at PICU of Sohag University Hospital over two years from 09/2017 to 09/2019. It encountered 80 pediatric patients (34 females), their age ranged from 29 days to 15 years with mean age of 6.18 years. All patients were subjected to echocardiography, 12 leads ECG and holter monitoring for 24 hours. Minimum, mean, maximum heart rate, rhythms and corrected QT were evaluated. Indications of Holter examination, its abnormalities were analyzed, also its positive diagnosis and management were defined. Results: Palpitations and syncopy were the main indications for holter examination 22 (27.50%) patients for each, abnormal examination in 17 (21.25%), chest pain in 13 patients (16.25%) and cardiomyopathy (7.5%) (one with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and five with Dilated Cardiomyopathy). There were 50 (62.50%) patients had abnormalities in Holter recordings. The highest contribution to diagnosis was in cardiomyopathy (83.3%) where the most common abnormalities were ventricular tachycardia (50%) and ventricular premature beats in (33.3%). An abnormal ECG was significantly associated with a higher diagnostic yield (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The most important indications for Holter monitoring include palpitations, syncope, abnormal physical exam findings, chest pain, and cardiomyopathy. Holter monitoring is an extremely important tool in the assessment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. HM detects serious arrhythmias to identify patients who are at increased risk for subsequent morbid events. The abnormal ECG findings were associated with having an abnormal Holter, therefore Holter monitoring can be used to help select which patients should get this screening tool especially in low budget programs countries.

The oxidation of 3',3″-dibromothymolsulfonphthalein (DBTS) in neutral medium by potassium permanganate multi-equivalent oxidant has been studied spectrophotometrically. Pseudo-first-order plots showed inverted S-shape throughout the entire course of the reaction. The initial rates were found to be relatively fast in the early stages, followed by a decrease in the oxidation rates over longer time periods in the slow stage. Under pseudo-first-order conditions where [DBTS] ≫ 10 [MnO

Effective biosafe management strategies are used to decrease world crop damage produced by plant-parasitic nematodes. This study evaluated the efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HAP) and mycorrhizal fungi to control the Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants. Application of n-HAP significantly increased the juveniles’ mortality (195.67%) and egg hatching inhibition percentage (80.71%) compared to the untreated control, in vitro. Mycorrhizal and/or n-HAP treatments increased the plant growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight, and leaf area) and reduced the negative consequence of nematode infection. This may be due to indirect mechanisms through increasing plant nutrient uptake efficiency and increasing the internal plant resistance against nematode infection. In dual-treated plants, phosphorus, nitrogen, and calcium content recorded the highest value in the nematode-infected plants. Whereas the dual inoculation significantly increased mineral contents in tomato plants compared with control, this may induce the strength of the cell wall of the epidermal layer and cortex and consequently increase the plant resistance against nematode infection. Our results revealed that the application of the plant resistance-stimulants enhanced the plant growth parameters and internal nutrient content and reduced the nematode’s criteria. Consequently, the internal plant resistance against nematode infection was induced.

Background: arrhythmia" refers to any change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses. Cardiac arrhythmias have been classified into tachycardia and bradycardia. Pediatric arrhythmias account for approximately 55 per 100,000 patients evaluated in pediatric emergency departments. Sinus tachycardia is by far the most commonly reported arrhythmia, followed by supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) which represents about 13%, and bradycardia accounting for about 6% of all cases Objective: To characterize patients attending pediatric arrhythmia outpatient clinic as regards the presence of cardiac rhythm abnormalities, the pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormalities and the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patient morbidity.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 500 pediatric patients from October 2016 to September 2017 in the Pediatric arrhythmia outpatient Clinics of the Pediatric Department. All patients in this study were subjected to complete clinical history including the cause of the referral, complete clinical examinations and twelve leads ECG. The following investigations were requested when indicated and its results were included in the study: Serum electrolyte, Echocardiography, Holter cardiac rhythm monitoring and Electrophysiological studies (EPS), and finally data was analyzed by SPSS software.

Background: Cardiac defects are the most common type of birth defects . Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a common cardio-vascular malformation, it is caused by the spontaneous malformation of the interatrial septum resulting in one or more openings, commonly referred to as holes in the heart .Patients and methods : This study is a prospective hospital based study involving all children at the age from 0 to 18 years diagnosed by echo-cardiography as having isolated atrial septal defect and admitted to paediatric department , intermediate care and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ; also out patient clinic at Sohag university hospital during the period from January 2012 to January 2013 .Results : We studied [65] patients diagnosed by trans-thoracic echo-cardiography as isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) ,Their ages ranged from 5 days to 13 years with Mean ± SD ( 2.27 ± 2.8 years) . The main presenting Symptoms included ; reccurent chest infections , respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, exertional dyspnea,failure to thrive, manifestations of heart failure , and permanent cyanosis . Echo findings demonstrated that,the majority of cases had ASDII , followed by ASDI , then combined ASD , and less common type was sinus venosus ASD . Conclusion : The great majority of infants with ASDII are most often asymptomatic. Frequently,the condition is detected by a murmur on routine physical examination when they are school-aged children.

Copper nanoparticles were fabricated and deposited on a glass substrate by spark discharge of copper electrode under different atmospheric conditions for SERS application. An interesting dependence of the deposition process and the formation of different particle structures on the deposition atmospheres were observed. Static air atmosphere ensured the deposition of the Cu particles on the glass surface by avoiding the repulsion between charged Cu particles and the surface of the glass through the formation of CuO, which acts as a seed mediated for nanorods formation. The average diameter of the as-deposited Cu rods was measured by the TEM to be 39 nm. Thermal annealing of the film up to 200 °C resulted in a reduction in the diameter of the nanorods as well as an increase in the rod density. A water solution of dye molecule (crystal violet) with a concentration of 1 × 10–6 to 1 × 10–9 M was dropped on the prepared Cu substrate. Raman signals from dye molecule were detected and their intensities changed according to deposition time, post-annealing temperature and dye concentration. A significant increase in the Raman scattering signal of a dye molecule was observed in the film fabricated at 30 min of deposition time and post-annealed temperature of 200 °C for 1 h. This substrate provides a maximum SERS intensity with a detection limit of 1 × 10–8 M, with an enhancement factor of 3.9 × 103. The SERS performance of the substrates was correlated well with the change in their surface morphologies.

Dimethylamino-2H-5-dihydropyrane-6-methyl-4-one (DADHP) is a novel antibacterial pyrones derivatives and potential pharmaceutical that was quantitatively synthesized by oxidizing azithromycin (AZ) antibiotic with potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium (pH 12). The oxidation reaction was kinetically studied using spectrophotometric technique at ionic strength equal to 0.02 mol dm

A novel ZrO2-acriflavine nanocomposite thin film [ZrO2+ACF]C complex as a powder form was synthesized and prepared as a thin film using the Sol-Gel spin coating tool. Various methods of characterization have been utilized, such as FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM and optical properties. Optimization by DMol3 and CASTEP was implemented utilizing DFT. The chemical structure for [ZrO2+ACF]C as nanocomposite family drugs was confirmed by its spectroscopic and structural properties. The average crystallite size [ZrO2+ ACF]C is 59.76 nm. Furthermore. The optical energy band gap calculated by Tauc's equation is 2.291 eV and 2.117 eV for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C films, respectively. Whereas the calculated by DFT (DMol3) are 2.213 eV and 1.633 eV for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C, respectively. In addition, the optoelectrical parameters have been computed for [ACF]TF and [ZrO2+ACF]C films. The simulated values obtained by CASTEP in DFT for the optical parameters of [ZrO2+ACF]C are in good agreement with the experimental values. The [ZrO2+ACF]C presents a good candidate for optoelectronics and solar cell applications.

Background:Scorpionism is an endemic health problem in Upper Egypt.This study shows theepidemiological,clinical and laboratory manifestations of scorpion envenomation and identify factors that are predictive of severe cases. Methods: Prospective study had been performed at Emergency Unit in the Sohag university hospital and Sohag General Hospital from January to December , 2016. It included 50 patients with definite history of scorpion sting envenomation.Theepidemiological,clinical,andlaboratory findings of patientswererecorded. Results: We found that 44% had abnormal serum troponin and 58% had abnormal serum CKmb. Also 54% had abnormal serum lactate dehydrogenase and 44% had abnormal serum myoglobin. ECG study revealed changes in the severe group in the form of low QRS, ST segment change, sinus tachycardia and ventricular ectopics. Severe group showed significant reduction in the %SF and LVEF in the comparison to the mild/moderate group. Conclusions:The present study is demonstrated that cTnI is a highly specific and sensitive indicator for myocardial injury and adverse outcome in victims of scorpion envenomation. So cTnI may be used in these cases for both diagnosis and prognosis. The use of cTnI in the immediate assessment of patients with severe systemic envenomation appears warranted to identify those at risk of myocardial injury.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of an educational program on nurses' knowledge and performance regarding nursing care of children with WT. Setting: This study was conducted at the outpatient and inpatient of pediatric oncology departments in Children Cancer Hospital (57357). This study sample is convenient, involved all the available (60) staff nurses giving nursing care for about 70 children suffering from WT. Tools of data collection included a structured interviewing questionnaire and Observational checklists sheets for assessing nurses' knowledge and performance (pre-posttest and follow up). The findings of the present study revealed that, the impact of the educational program on nurses' knowledge and performance about care of children with WT the result concluded that there was a positive correlation between nurses' knowledge and performance regarding WT after the educational program implementation. The result recommended that newly appointed nurses who are working at oncology unit must have an orientation program prior to care of children with Wilms' tumor, periodical continuous on job-training programs for oncology nurses to update and refresh their knowledge and performance about care of children with Wilms' tumor, regular clinical sessions to monitor the nursing performance at 57357 hospital will reinforce and improve the skills regarding to care of children with Wilms' tumor and further studies and replication of this study in other oncology units.

ZrO2 was treated with 10% S O 2 - 4 from different metal sulfate precursors for methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether. All the samples exhibited tetragonal phase and no diffraction peaks corresponding to metal sulfates or metal oxides were observed. The FT-IR results revealed that there were different interactions between sulfate and ZrO2, and this had a great effect on the surface area of the samples. The catalytic activity was measured over the catalysts in the temperature range of 100–300°C. The results revealed that sulfated zirconia with CuSO4·5H2O and Al2(SO4)3·16H2O showed the best catalytic activity. The maximum yield of DME ≈ 87% was obtained over CuSZ at a reaction temperature of 275°C. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the catalysts was correlated well with their surface acidity that measured by dehydration of isopropanol.

The present study concerns with exploring the possibility of using of tartaric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for removing diazonium blue (DB) from aqueous solutions. The effect of different factors on the efficiency of the adsorbent for the DB dye removal was investigated, including initial dye concentration, contact time, SCB dosage and SCB particle size. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and D–R isothermal models have been employed to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. It was found that the adsorption of the dye fits well with the D–R model. The adsorption kinetics was also done applying four kinetic models. The regression equation coefficients refer to fitting the data to the second-order kinetic equation for removal of the DB dye. It is probable that the rate limiting step is a chemical adsorption between the adsorbent and the dye. This chemisorption process is further confirmed from the energy value of 15.1 kJ mol−1 deduced from the D–R isotherm.