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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of positional anomalies in second permanent molars among Romanian patients. These molars play a crucial role in occlusion but can exhibit positional issues such as tilting, rotation, infraocclusion, and impaction. Methods: This retrospective study examined the digital models of 103 patients aged 12–40, which were obtained by using the Medit i500 intraoral scanner. Positional anomalies were categorized by tilting, rotation, infraocclusion, and impaction. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of anomalies, particularly infraocclusion and buccal tilting in upper molars and oral tilting and mesio-buccal rotations in lower molars. The significant symmetry of anomalies within the same dental arch was noted. Gender and malocclusion type did not significantly influence anomaly frequency. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for the vigilant monitoring of second permanent molars to maintain functional occlusion and suggest potential common etiological factors within dental arches. Despite this study's limitations, including sample size and retrospective design, this study underscores the clinical importance of the early detection and management of molar anomalies. Future research should expand on these findings, considering genetic and environmental influences on dental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Dental emergencies significantly impact public oral health, particularly in the post-COVID-19 context. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of dental emergencies presenting to the Emergency Dental Service in Bihor, Romania, during the years 2022 and 2023, focusing on demographic characteristics and the frequency of diagnoses. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records from the Emergency Dental Service at Oradea County Emergency Clinical Hospital was conducted. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients presenting with dental emergencies during the specified period. Data regarding demographics, diagnoses, and living environments were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 4769 patients were analyzed, with acute pulpitis (39.2%, n = 1869) and acute apical periodontitis (37.5%, n = 1788) identified as the most common diagnoses. The study population included 52.3% males and 47.7% females, with a larger proportion residing in urban areas (58.0%) compared with rural areas (42.0%). Significant age-related patterns were evident: pulpitis was more common among patients aged 10–39 years, trauma was associated with patients aged 0–9 years, and gingival infections were prevalent in the 70–79 age group. Diagnoses also varied by dentition type, with abscesses, caries, trauma, and rhizolysis occurring more frequently in deciduous teeth, while pulpitis and post-extraction alveolitis were predominant in permanent teeth. However, no statistically significant differences were found in diagnosis frequency between genders or between rural and urban patients, indicating equitable access to emergency services across environments. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in pediatric populations to address early childhood caries, which remains a significant burden. Enhanced public health strategies and preventive education are essential to mitigate the prevalence of dental emergencies, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Dental malocclusions are highly prevalent worldwide, negatively impacting patients' quality of life and leading to complex, often costly, orthodontic treatments. In Romania, the economic status of patients and the limited public funding for orthodontic care significantly influence treatment accessibility and choices. Advanced technologies, such as mini-implants (MIs), offer improved anchorage and treatment efficiency but are often underutilized due to financial constraints and variability in clinical training. In this context, there are limited data regarding the use and preferences of MI among orthodontists in Romania. This study aims to explore the characteristics, preferences, and challenges of Romanian orthodontists in their use of MI systems. Methods: A survey was conducted between June and September 2024, targeting orthodontists across Romania. The questionnaire, distributed via social media platforms, consisted of 24 items addressing professional experience, MI system preferences, insertion methods, and complications. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Fisher's Exact Test and Pearson's Chi-Square Test were employed to evaluate relationships between categorical variables. When appropriate, logistic binomial univariable regression models were applied to predict key dependent variables (e.g., MI placement zones, MI experience, and MI complications) based on independent variables such as specific MI system usage and frequency of MI usage. A significance threshold of α = 0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Out of 105 participants, 85.7% reported using mini-implants (MIs) in their orthodontic practice, with the Dual Top and Benefit systems being the most frequently used (60% and 43.3%, respectively). The interradicular area was the most common placement site (60%), while the palatal and retromolar regions showed significant correlations with the Benefit system (p = 0.008). Practitioners with more than 10 years of experience reported a significantly higher frequency of MI use (p = 0.001), with frequent use being observed in 60.9% of these practitioners. Complications were common, with MI mobility reported by 92.2% and soft tissue damage by 57.8%. The midpalatal area was significantly associated with higher complication rates compared to other sites (p < 0.001). The success rates of MI usage ranged from 76% to 100% in 57.8% of respondents, with higher success rates being associated with infrazygomatic placements (p < 0.05). Conclusions: MI usage is prevalent among Romanian orthodontists, with experienced practitioners utilizing them more frequently. Despite high success rates, common complications highlight the need for improved insertion techniques and post-operative care. Further research and training are recommended to optimize MI application and reduce complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The integration of quality of life (QoL) assessments into dental health evaluations acknowledges the profound impact of oral health on overall well-being. This study aims to compare the impact of implant-supported complete dentures versus conventional complete dentures on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in elderly Romanian edentulous patients. Methods: This longitudinal study involved 93 initially recruited edentulous patients, with 52 completing the study over an 18-month period. Data collection utilized the OHIP-5 questionnaire, assessing the OHRQoL at baseline with conventional dentures and three months post-implant-supported denture placement. Ethical approval was secured from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Oradea, adhering to the Helsinki Declaration principles. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 and included non-parametric tests for score comparisons and Fisher's exact test for categorical data. Results: The comparative analysis of the questionnaire responses revealed significant improvements in all five OHRQoL dimensions post-treatment with implant-supported dentures. For instance, the proportion of patients reporting "never" experiencing difficulty chewing any foods increased from 1.9% at baseline to 57.7% post-treatment. Similarly, those reporting "never" experiencing painful aching rose from 3.8% to 76.9%. There was also a notable reduction in discomfort regarding the appearance of mouth, dentures, or jaws from 3.8% reporting "never" at baseline to 75% post-treatment. The improvements in sense of taste and difficulty in performing usual activities saw comparable increases. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that implant-supported complete dentures significantly enhance OHRQoL among elderly edentulous patients compared to conventional dentures, with improvements noted in mastication ability, pain reduction, aesthetics, taste perception, and activity performance. These results underscore the value of prosthetic interventions in dental care to substantially improve patients' OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant global health issue, particularly affecting deciduous teeth in young children. ECC is prevalent in Romania, where nearly half of children experience dental caries. This study aimed to assess the influence of gender, age, and living environment on parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding ECC in Bihor County, Romania, using a KAP-type questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2024, utilizing an online KAP questionnaire distributed via social networks. The sample comprised 419 parents of children under six years old. Respondents provided socio-demographic data and answered questions regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning ECC prevention, treatment, and oral health. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square tests to assess associations between demographic factors and parental KAP. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 419 respondents, 83.1% were female, and 62.5% were between the ages of 31 and 40. Significant gender-based differences were found in knowledge about pain from caries (93.7% of female participants vs. 81.7% of male participants, p = 0.004) and the importance of brushing twice daily (93.7% of female respondents vs. 80.3% of male respondents, p = 0.010). Younger parents (aged 18–30) were more likely to affirm the effectiveness of fluoride (65.4%) compared to those aged 31–40 (53.1%, p = 0.02). Urban parents were more likely to correctly identify the timing of tooth eruption (59.1% vs. 52.6% of rural parents, p = 0.021). Conclusions: The study highlights gender, age, and urban–rural disparities in parental knowledge and attitudes towards ECC. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions to improve oral health outcomes and reduce ECC prevalence in the Bihor region. Tailored public health strategies addressing demographic factors could enhance preventive oral health behaviors and reduce the healthcare burden associated with untreated dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontogenesis, the process of tooth formation, is complex and susceptible to disruptions that can result in dental anomalies such as tooth impaction. The mandibular second premolar, though less commonly impacted than wisdom teeth, presents a unique challenge in pediatric dentistry due to its intricate etiology and the need for timely intervention. This case report aims to highlight the significance of early diagnosis and conservative management strategies in treating mandibular second premolar impaction. The case involves a pediatric patient with impacted mandibular second premolars. Initial treatment included the use of a lower removable appliance with an expansion screw to alleviate crowding, followed by a fixed space maintainer and a Haas rapid palatal expander. These interventions created the necessary space for the premolars to erupt. Self-ligating brackets were later applied, reducing friction and improving periodontal health. The patient underwent two CBCT examinations to monitor progress, which confirmed the successful eruption and alignment of the impacted premolars without the need for surgical exposure. This case underscores the effectiveness of early diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment in managing mandibular second premolar impaction. The tailored approach facilitated the natural eruption of the teeth, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment plans. Future research should focus on optimizing these conservative strategies to enhance patient outcomes in similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the favorable or unfavorable progress of dental implants in a patient sample from Oradea, Romania, considering different variables. A secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of the study sample, as well as different aspects regarding the implants used. This retrospective study analyzed medical records from 1 January 2018, to 1 January 2022, of patients at a dental clinic in Oradea, Romania, who received at least one dental implant. Variables examined included gender, age, systemic diseases, implant location, implant type, and timing of insertion. Clinical and radiological evaluations, using CBCT immediately postplacement and at six months, assessed implant stability and absence of complications. A standardized three‐month loading time postinsertion was followed. Exclusion criteria included lack of follow‐up, implants placed elsewhere, or incomplete medical records. Quantitative variables were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test and nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests). Fisher's Exact test analyzed qualitative variables, with Z‐tests and Dunn–Bonferroni tests providing detailed results. The study included 344 implants, with 153 (44.5%) placed in female patients and 191 (55.5%) in male patients. Most implants were bone level (61.6%, n = 212) and had a delayed placement (82.6%, n = 284). The majority were situated in the upper posterior dental arch (39.2%, n = 135). Notably, 96.5% (n = 332) of the implants exhibited a positive outcome, irrespective of age, gender, or associated systemic diseases. Immediate postextraction implants displayed a significantly higher association with a negative outcome (41.7% vs. 16.6%), whereas delayed placements were more frequently linked with a positive outcome (83.4% vs. 58.3%) (p = 0.040). Employing established techniques and protocols for dental implant insertion led to consistently positive outcomes, irrespective of the implant type, insertion timing, or location. Patient's age, gender, and associated diseases did not significantly impact implant outcome, highlighting the robustness of these methods in achieving favorable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth position anomalies, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, can significantly impact oral health and play a critical role in establishing proper occlusion. The aim of this study was to identify the most prevalent tooth position anomalies in first permanent molars among Romanian patients and to evaluate additional variables as well. This retrospective study utilized digital study models to identify all existing tooth position anomalies. The study included patients aged 12 to 40 years with complete permanent dentition. Axial changes (buccal tilting, oral tilting, mesial tilting, and distal tilting) as well as rotational changes (mesio-buccal rotation and disto-buccal rotation) were investigated. After applying the exclusion criteria, 103 patients remained in the study. Our findings revealed a notable prevalence of positional anomalies, with disto-buccal rotations being most common in upper molars (tooth 1.6–22.3%, tooth 2.6–31.1%) and oral tilting predominating in lower molars (tooth 3.6–6.8%, tooth 4.6–14.6%). Interestingly, neither gender nor malocclusion type significantly influenced the occurrence of tooth position anomalies. Symmetrical patterns in positional changes were observed, with patients having tooth position anomalies at 1.6 significantly more frequently associated with anomalies at 2.6. Similarly, anomalies at 3.6 were significantly more frequently associated with anomalies at 4.6. Additionally, for molars 2.6 and 3.6 on the left side, the differences were statistically significant, with patients having anomalies at 2.6 significantly more frequently associated with anomalies at 3.6. This pattern was not observed for the molars situated on the right side of the dental arches. While this study provides insights into positional anomalies in first permanent molars among the Romanian population, its retrospective design and focus on a specific demographic may limit generalizability. In conclusion, the study underscores the significant prevalence of positional anomalies in first permanent molars among adolescents and adults in Oradea, Romania. Early detection and targeted interventions are crucial to address these anomalies and improve orthodontic outcomes. Comprehensive assessment and treatment planning are essential to achieve optimal dental harmony and function. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to these positional changes and their long-term impact on oral health and occlusal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The long face type is associated with excessive vertical facial growth and most often with anterior open bite. In many cases of anterior open bite of high severity associated with bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion, lips are unable to form an adequate seal at rest. This leads to many issues, including facial dysmorphism. The aim of this study was to describe the case of a 15 year old girl who addressed the orthodontist in November 2015, having complaints related to the skeletal and dental open bite. Case Description: A 15.7 year old patient required a consultation with the orthodontic service for impaired dento-facial aesthetics at rest, smile and speech due to an exaggerated superior protrusion of the upper frontal teeth, labial incompetence with excessive gingival exposure at rest and smile associated with upper and lower anterior teeth crowding. The orthodontic diagnostic consisted of skeletal open bite with a hyperleptoprosop morphological facial type, high degree of hyperdivergence, bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion, 7 mm skeletal open-bite, 3 mm vertical inocclusion of the anterior teeth, skeletal class II relationships, bilateral half cusp class II molar and canine relationships, labial incompetence, highly increased interlabial gap, facial asymmetry, excessive gingival exposure of 7 mm at smiling and bimaxillary anterior crowding. Because the patient initially refused orthognathic surgery, prior to starting the orthodontic treatment, the patient was recommended to receive a bilateral extraction of the first upper premolars. Key objectives of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment were to achieve a retroclined position of the upper incisors under their normal inclination for the planned upward maxillary rotation, to maintain slightly lower incisor proclination. The orthognathic surgery consisted of Le Fort I impaction osteotomy with 8 mm anterior impactation, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and mandibular repositioning using occlusal splint. Conclusions: At the end of the orthodontic-surgical treatment, the patient presented significant improvement in dento-facial aesthetics, and optimal skeletal, muscular and dental balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain, one of the determining factors of orthodontic treatment relief, can be controlled by several means, the most common being the use of analgesics. The need for drug use can be caused by the level of physical pain, low self-esteem, age, maternal education, a positive attitude toward self-care, over-confidence in medication knowledge. Age can influence orthodontic tooth movement and patients' perception over the level of orthodontic pain they experience. Adolescents proved to be more likely to use painkillers to alleviate pain, compared to preadolescents and adults. Adults seemed to experience higher levels of pain after adjusting their orthodontic appliance. Patients who experience moderate to high intensity pain tend to use analgesics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental caries represent a public health issue around the globe, especially among disadvantaged groups. Therefore, an efficient solution must be implemented on large scale for reducing their prevalence. Materials and methods: An experimental in-vitro laboratory study was performed on a dental plaque specimen. The solution assessed was silver diamine fluoride which, apparently, has the ability to arrest the progression of dental caries. Results and discussion: Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were cultivated. Upon contact with the 1.00 McFarland suspension obtained from the primary culture, a strong and immediate macroscopic effervescence was observed. The Gram negative flora was completely destroyed, as well as most of the Gram positive one. Bacterial multiplication stopped. The effect lasted for at least 48 hours. The Candida albicans culture was also destroyed. Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride seems to have antibacterial effect, bacteriostatic effect, oxidizing effect and antifungal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]