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Background/Objectives To clarify the effects of intake of legumes and isoflavones on all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Japanese. Subject/Methods The subjects were 2136 randomly chosen community-dwelling Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years who participated in a first-wave survey (1997-2000; baseline). The subjects were followed from baseline to December 31, 2017 (mean period of 16.6 [plus or minus] 4.2 years). Intake of legumes, soybeans, and isoflavones at baseline was assessed using a 3-day dietary record with photographs. The relationships of intake amounts of legumes and isoflavones to mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, sex, education, employment, body mass index, smoking habits, medical histories, drinking, and energy intake. Results There were 491 deaths during the follow-up period. We found inverse associations of the intake of total soy products and intake of each of the isoflavones with all-cause mortality (p for trend < 0.05) in subjects aged < 60 years: the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality in the highest intake group (third tertile) of total soy products and total isoflavones were 0.32 (0.13-0.78) and 0.35 (0.17-0.73), respectively, compared with the reference group (first tertile). In contrast, there were no significant associations of intake amounts of legumes, soybeans, and isoflavones with all-cause mortality in subjects aged 60 years or older. Conclusions The findings suggest that a higher intake of isoflavones might decrease the risk of all-cause mortality, especially in middle-aged Japanese., Author(s): Mariko Nakamoto [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rei Otsuka [sup.2] , Chikako Tange [sup.2] , Yukiko Nishita [sup.3] , Makiko Tomida [sup.2] , Tomoko Imai [sup.2] [sup.4] , Tohru Sakai [sup.1] [...]

Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) prevalence continues to increase, and age of incidence continues to decrease. More information is needed to target interventions to the ages where they can be most effective. The objective of this study was to explore the degree to which the association between diet and T2D incidence changes through adulthood. Methods Participants were a large number (N = 2818) of community living adults in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia across three cohorts; young (20-24 followed to 32-36), mid-life (40-44 followed to 52-56) and late-life (60-64 followed to 72-76). Self-report dietary pattern scores at baseline and diabetes incidence across 12 years follow-up were measured, alongside confounders of caloric intake, sex, smoking status, years of education, hypertension, BMI and physical activity. Results Cox proportional hazards indicated that neither Western nor Prudent dietary pattern scores were significantly associated with T2D incidence when confounders were included in the model. Unadjusted estimates suggested a positive association between Western dietary pattern scores and subsequent diabetes incidence (HR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.18, 1.64]). Compared with the mid-life cohort, a higher Western dietary pattern score posed a lower risk for incident T2D in the young cohort (unadjusted HR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.22, 0.96]), who also had significantly lower BMI and higher physical activity. No such significant effects were found for the late-life cohort. Conclusions Our findings indicate that mid-life may be a period of heightened vulnerability to the effects of an unhealthy diet on diabetes risk, but this effect is attenuated when risk factors related to diet, such as adiposity, are taken into account., Author(s): Erin I. Walsh [sup.1] [sup.2] , Felice N. Jacka [sup.3] , Peter Butterworth [sup.1] [sup.4] , Kaarin J. Anstey [sup.1] [sup.5] [sup.6] , Nicolas Cherbuin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

Background/objectives: For decades, the Mediterranean diet has been in focus regarding healthy eating as it has been associated with reduced risk of non-communicable diseases. Less interest has been given to health benefits of other regional diets. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to a healthy Nordic food index was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among middle-aged Danes. Subjects/methods: Data were obtained from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study of 57 053 men and women aged 50-64 years recruited between 1993 and 1997. The healthy Nordic food index comprised healthy Nordic food items selected a priori (fish, cabbage, rye bread, oatmeal, apple and pears and root vegetables). Information on incident MI was ascertained through linkage with national registries. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from sex-specific Cox proportional hazard models. Results: In total, 1669 men and 653 women developed MI during follow-up (13.6 median years). In adjusted models, those with an index score of 5-6 points (highest scores) had significantly lower MI risk (men: HR=0.77, 95% CI=0.62, 0.97; women: HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.37, 0.82) relative to those scoring 0 points in the index (lowest score). A significantly lower MI risk was found per 1-point increment in the index in both men (HR=0.95, 95% CI=0.92, 0.99) and women (HR=0.93, 95% CI=0.88, 0.98). Conclusions: A healthy Nordic diet is associated with lower MI risk among middle-aged Danes, suggesting that Nordic diets should be considered in recommendations for dietary changes in the promotion of coronary health., Author(s): V B Gunge [sup.1] , I Andersen [sup.2] , C Kyrø [sup.1] , C P Hansen [sup.3] , C C Dahm [sup.3] , J Christensen [sup.4] , A Tjønneland [...]

OBJECTIVES: The relationships between local food environments and dietary patterns are important for older adults and could be different in men and women. We examined associations between exposure to neighbourhood food sources and food consumption and the moderating role of diet knowledge separately among older women and men living in Montreal in 2003-2005 (n =722). METHODS: The proportion of fast-food outlets relative to all restaurants (%FFO) and the proportion of healthy food stores relative to all stores (%HFS) were estimated for 500 m buffers around participants' homes. Two dietary patterns, designated 'Western' and 'prudent', reflecting lower- and higher-quality diets respectively, were identified from food frequency questionnaire data. The unique and interactive effects of diet knowledge and food-source exposure on diet scores were tested with separate linear regression models for women and men. RESULTS: For men, greater %FFO exposure was related to lower prudent diet scores ([beta] = -0.18, p = 0.02), but no effect of %HFS exposure was observed and no interactions were statistically significant. For women, an inverse relationship between %FFO and prudent diet scores was strongest among those with low diet knowledge ([beta] = -0.22, p < 0.01). No other associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Older men's diet patterns may reflect unhealthy cues associated with fast-food outlets. Among women, diet knowledge potentiated both negative and positive relationships with the food environment. In the absence of consistent main effects of the food environment on diet scores, subgroup analysis is a promising avenue for research. KEY WORDS: Diet; older adults; urban population; food supply; effect modifier OBJECTIFS: Les liens entre les environnements alimentaires locaux et les habitudes alimentaires sont importants pour les personnes agees et pourraient differer selon le sexe. Nous avons examine separement pour des femmes et des hommes ages vivant a Montreal en 2003-2005 (n = 722) les associations entre l'exposition aux commerces alimentaires du quartier, la consommation d'aliments et le role moderateur des connaissances en nutrition. METHODE: Nous avons estime la proportion de debits de restauration rapide (DRP) par rapport a l'ensemble des restaurants et la proportion de magasins d'alimentation pouvant offrir des aliments sains (MAS) par rapport a l'ensemble des magasins dans un rayon de 500 m autour du domicile des participants. Deux types d'habitudes alimentaires, qualifiees d' << occidentales >> et de << prudentes >> pour indiquer les regimes de qualite inferieure et superieure, respectivement, ont ete cernes a partir des donnees de questionnaires sur la frequence de consommation des produits alimentaires. Les effets uniques et interactifs des connaissances en nutrition et de l'exposition aux commerces alimentaires sur les scores des habitudes alimentaires ont ete analyses selon des modeles de regression lineaire distincts selon le sexe. RESULTATS: Chez les hommes, un pourcentage superieure d'exposition aux DRP etait lie a des notes plus faibles pour le regime << prudent >> ([beta] = -0,18, p = 0,02), mais nous n'avons observe aucun effet du pourcentage d'exposition aux MAS, et aucune interaction n'etait significative. Chez les femmes, la relation inverse entre le %DRP et le regime << prudent >> etait la plus forte chez les participantes dont les connaissances en nutrition etaient faibles ([beta] = -0,22, p < 0,01). Aucune autre association n'etait significative. CONCLUSION: Les habitudes alimentaires des hommes peuvent s'expliquer par des reperes malsains associes aux debits de restauration rapide. Chez les femmes, les connaissances en nutrition peuvent entraIner a la fois des relations negatives et positives avec l'environnement alimentaire. En l'absence d'effets principaux coherents de l'environnement alimentaire sur les scores des habitudes alimentaires, l'analyse par sous-groupe est une piste de recherche prometteuse. MOTS CLES: regime alimentaire; personne agee; population urbaine; approvisionnement en nourriture; effets modificateurs La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l'article. Can J Public Health 2016;107(Suppl. 1):eS34-eS41 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.107.5309, Nutrition plays a major role in successful aging and in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. (1) However, national surveys highlight concerns regarding inadequate intakes of several foods and [...]

Background/Objectives: Little is known about relation of overall breakfast quality with cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore sex-specific associations between breakfast quality and cardiometabolic risk profiles in a sample of an upper middle-aged German population. Subjects/Methods: Cardiometabolic profiles of 339 men and 329 women were cross-sectionally assessed using an overall biomarker score (BScore), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1[sub.c]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Overall breakfast quality was assessed by using (i) an a-priori defined breakfast quality score (BQS) and (ii) data-driven breakfast patterns based on principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple linear regression models for association of breakfast quality with all outcomes were adjusted for all potential confounders including overall diet quality. Results: After adjustment for all potential confounders the BQS was inversely associated with the BScore (regression beta with 95% Confidence Interval: -0.29 (052-0.06)) and HbA1c (-0.12 (-0.21, -0.04)) in men; whereas no such associations were observed in women. Four breakfast (B) patterns were identified: B-processed-food pattern, B-cereal pattern, B-high fat pattern and B-dairy & cereal pattern. The B-processed-food pattern was positively associated with HbA1c (0.09(0.01, 0.18)), BMI (0.16 (0.06, 0.26)), and WC (0.17 (0.8, 0.26)) in men, and BMI (0.13 (0.1, 0.25)) and WC (0.11(0.01.0.22)) in women. The B-cereal pattern was inversely associated with BScore (-0.23 (-0.45, -0.01)) and BMI (-0.11 (-0.20, -0.01)) in men and WC(-0.16 (-0.27, -0.05)) in women. The B-dairy & cereal pattern was also inversely associated with BScore (-0.26 (-0.48, -0.04)) in men but not in women. Conclusions: The overall breakfast quality was cross-sectionally associated with a healthier cardiometabolic profile, especially in upper-middle age men, independent of overall dietary quality. Such analyses should be supplemented by studies investigating the circadian sequence of food intake and metabolic consequences including hard disease endpoints. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2017) 71, 1312-1320; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.116; published online 26 July 2017, Author(s): K Iqbal [1]; L Schwingshackl [1]; M Gottschald [1]; S Knüppel [1]; M Stelmach-Mardas [1, 2]; K Aleksandrova [1, 3]; H Boeing [1] Introduction Breakfast is considered an important [...]