61 results on '"Menconi V"'
Search Results
2. PREVALENZA DI MICOBATTERIOSI ITTICHE IN PESCE PERSICO (PERCA FLUVIATILIS) IN LAGHI DELL’ITALIA NORD-OCCIDENTALE
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Righetti M., Mugetti D., Pastorino P., Menconi V., Cavazza G., Bona M. C., Arsieni P., Dondo A., Prearo M., Società Italiana di Patologia Ittica, Righetti, M., Mugetti, D., Pastorino, P., Menconi, V., Cavazza, G., Bona, M. C., Arsieni, P., Dondo, A., and Prearo, M.
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micobatteriosi ittiche ,sanità pubblica ,persico reale ,Italia - Published
- 2018
3. ISOLAMENTO DI CARNOBACTERIUM SPP. DA UMOR VITREO IN SALMERINI DI FONTE (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) PESCATI IN LAGHI D’ALTA QUOTA: QUALE POSSIBILE RUOLO PATOGENETICO?
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Pastorino P., Menconi V., Esposito G., Righetti M., Saragaglia C., Pizzul E., Prearo M., Società Italiana di Patologia Ittica, Pastorino, P., Menconi, V., Esposito, G., Righetti, M., Saragaglia, C., Pizzul, E., and Prearo, M.
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salmerino di fonte ,laghi alpini ,Carnobacterium spp ,Alpi Cozie ,laghi alpini, Alpi Cozie, Carnobacterium spp - Abstract
Negli anni ’80-90 del secolo scorso sono stati segnalati i primi casi di infezioni da cocchi Gram positivi in pesci d’allevamento nei paesi che si affacciano nel bacino del Mediterraneo; la lattococcosi e la vagococcosi sono le patologie che hanno avuto una maggiore diffusione sul territorio europeo, anche se con una prevalenza ed un grado di diffusibilità e patogenicità alquanto diverse. I salmonidi rappresentano il gruppo dei pesci allevati che maggiormente vengono colpiti da questi germi. Sebbene queste affermazioni siano esatte, storicamente si conosceva già una patologia ascrivibile al gruppo dei cocchi gram positivi, che colpiva generalmente in modo sporadico e con una mortalità molto ridotta, soprattutto i grandi riproduttori, stabulati in allevamenti con acque fredde nelle zone pedemontane: la carnobatteriosi, sostenuta da Carnobacterium piscicola ora denominato C. maltaromaticus. Si conoscono 9 specie di germi appartenenti a questo genere, ma solo due di questi sono relativamente frequenti in ambiente acquatico (C. maltaromaticus e C. divergens); le altre specie sono presenti in ambienti più freddi, nei sedimenti polari, nel permafrost alpino e nell’intestino di pesci artici. Le due specie sopra denominate sono di isolamento relativamente comune soprattutto a livello della flora intestinale di pesci allevati in acque fredde, presenti in tutto il continente europeo, Italia compresa, ma sono stati isolati anche in pesci tropicali d’acqua dolce. Negli ultimi decenni non sono stati segnalati ritrovamenti importanti, causa di patologie nei salmonidi allevati in montagna, perdendo l’abitudine alla loro ricerca ed alla valutazione del possibile ruolo patogeno. L’effetto patogeno sui pesci è stato ampiamente descritto, con presenza di quadro setticemico, peritonite, esoftalmo, accumulo di liquido ascitico in cavità addominale e presenza di emorragie nei diversi organi interni. Questa segnalazione vuole descrivere l’isolamento di germi appartenenti al genere Carnobacterium dall’umor vitreo dell’occhio di salmerini di fonte (Salvelinus fontinalis) pescati in un lago di alta quota senza sintomatologia in atto. Nell’ambito del progetto ALPLA, nell’agosto 2018 sono stati pescati 73 salmerini di fonte dal lago della Balma sottano, sito a circa 2.100 s.l.m. nelle Alpi Cozie, nel comune di Coazze (TO). Tutti i pesci sono stati analizzati, effettuando un esame colturale direttamente da rene, cervello e occhio; il prelievo dall’occhio ha previsto dapprima una disinfezione esterna della superficie mediante un batuffolo di cotone intriso di alcool denaturato, passandolo direttamente sulla cornea; successivamente, con ansa di platino incandescente si è proceduto all’incisione della stessa e successivamente si è eseguito il prelievo direttamente dall’umor vitreo seminando su piastre di Agar sangue. Tutti i soggetti non hanno presentato crescita batterica sui prelievi condotti da rene e cervello, mentre 25 pesci sono risultati positivi al prelievo dall’occhio, con crescita di colonie rigogliose ed in purezza. La successiva identificazione biochimica e tramite Maldi-Tof delle colonie di tutti i soggetti risultati positivi, ha portato all’identificazione di Carnobacterium maltaromaticus (12 isolati) e C. divergens (13 isolati). Questo isolamento chiaramente non è legato ad una condizione patologica, in quanto non era presente né mortalità nella popolazione, né tantomeno una sintomatologia evidente, ma porta ad ipotizzare come questi potenziali patogeni possano rimanere in una sorta di latenza in un organo (cosiddetto “effetto cavallo di Troia”) per poi eventualmente esplicare azione patogena durante episodi di stress che abbassino le difese immunitarie dei soggetti colpiti. Questa possibilità dovrebbe essere maggiormente studiata per verificare tale ipotesi e portare a conoscenza nuovi aspetti sulla patogenesi di tali germi.
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- 2018
4. PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE DI MALATTIA NODULARE BRANCHIALE NELLA TROTA FARIO (SALMO TRUTTA L.)
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Perolo A., Accini A., Lunelli F., Dalla Pozza M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M. L., Quaglio F., and Perolo A., Accini A., Lunelli F., Dalla Pozza M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M.L., Quaglio F.
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alattia nodulare branchiale, Oncorhynchus mykiss, trota iridea, Salmo trutta fario, trota fario, Italia - Abstract
La malattia nodulare branchiale (NGD) rappresenta uno dei maggiori problemi sanitari negli allevamenti italiani di trota iridea (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Episodi di NGD sono stati descritti in passato in salmerini alpini (Salvelinus alpinus) e salmoni reali (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) allevati in acqua dolce. A marzo 2017, durante un monitoraggio di NGD in trote iridee nella Provincia di Trento, sono stati osservati i primi casi di malattia nodulare branchiale nella trota fario. Le trote fario infette provenivano da due allevamenti dove erano contemporaneamente presenti episodi di NGD nelle trote iridee. I pesci, di taglia compresa tra i 20-25 g (vasca 1) e 40-45 g (vasca 2), venivano allevati in vasche a fondo naturale alimentate con acqua di pozzo e sorgente. La temperatura dell’acqua variava da 5,5 a 7,2°C nella vasca 1 e da 8,9 a 11,2°C nella vasca 2. Da ogni vasca sono stati prelevati mensilmente 25 pesci a marzo, aprile e maggio 2017 per un totale di 150 soggetti. Le trote sono state sottoposte ad esami necroscopici ed analisi microscopiche. Le branchie sono state sezionate e fissate in formalina tamponata al 10% per l’esame istologico. In seguito i campioni sono stati processati, inclusi in paraffina, sezionati a 4 μm e colorati con soluzione di Giemsa. Le trote fario osservate in vasca non mostravano né grave sintomatologia respiratoria né alte mortalità tipiche di NGD nelle trote iridee. In 53 pesci su 150 sono state osservate branchie dall’aspetto rigonfio e pallido con presenza di noduli biancastri lungo gli apici dei filamenti. Microscopicamente le branchie colpite mostravano reazioni proliferative a carico dei filamenti con fusione delle lamelle, specialmente nelle porzioni distali. Le lesioni descritte, sia a livello macroscopico che microscopico, erano tipiche delle infezioni da NGD. L’esame microscopico ha permesso di osservare trofozoiti di amebe (di diametro di circa 15 x 20 μm) lungo la superficie dei filamenti iperplastici. Le analisi istologiche hanno evidenziato iperplasia ed ipertrofia dell’epitelio branchiale e delle cellule mucipare, necrosi e presenza di amebe lungo la superficie dei filamenti in 32 trote su 150 campionate. Nonostante l’assenza di gravi sintomatologie respiratorie e di alte mortalità, le alterazioni proliferative delle branchie associate alla presenza di amebe hanno mostrato come anche la trota fario possa essere interessata dalla malattia nodulare branchiale. Ulteriori studi appaiono necessari per chiarire gli aspetti eziopatogenetici della NGD in questa specie ed il suo coinvolgimento nella diffusione della patologia nelle troticolture italiane.
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- 2017
5. First occurrence of nodular gill disease in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
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Perolo A., Accini A., Lunelli F., Dalla Pozza M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M. L., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Accini A., Lunelli F., Dalla Pozza M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M.L., and Quaglio F.
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endocrine system ,animal structures ,urogenital system ,animal diseases ,Nodular gill disease, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Italy, amoeba - Abstract
Introduction: Nodular gill disease (NGD) represents one of the most serious pathology affecting freshwater farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Italy. This disease has also been observed in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cultured in freshwater environment. The first case of branchitis associated with amoebic infection is detected in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in March 2017, during an investigation of NGD in rainbow trout in the province of Trento (Northern Italy). Methodology: In a NGD affected rainbow trout farming an outbreak of low mortality occurred in brown trout in one earth tank supplied by spring water with temperature of 6°C. The average weight of the fish was 20-25g. Twenty five fish from the affected tank were collected for necropsy, microscopical and parasitological analysis. Gills were dissected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for histological examination. The samples were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned (4 μm) and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Giemsa solution. Results: The fish did not exhibit the typical respiratory symptoms described in NGD of the rainbow trout. The gill tissue appeared pale and swollen at the necropsy with whitish nodules in 9 out of 25 sampled trout. Microscopically numerous Gyrodactylus spp. were observed on the skin. The affected gills showed a proliferative reaction of some filaments, especially in the distal part. These lesions were typical of NGD infection. The microscopic examination of gill tissue revealed the presence of amoebic organisms (approximately 15 x 20 μm). The histology showed multi-focal epithelial hyperplasia of the gills causing lamellar fusion, mucous cells hypertrophy, cellular necrosis and presence of limited number of amoebae along the surface of the affected filaments in 6 out of 25 collected gills. Conclusions: Despite absence of respiratory symptoms and high mortality rate, gill proliferative lesions associated with amoebae shows that brown trout may be affected by nodular gill disease. Studies are in progress to clarify pathogenesis, biological and environmental determinants of NGD in brown trout and to define the involvement of this species in the spread of the disease in Italian trout farms.
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- 2017
6. INDAGINE PARASSITOLOGICA SULLA PRESENZA DI STADI LARVALI DI NEMATODI ANISAKIDAE IN PESCI MARINI ALLEVATI IN ITALIA
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Menconi V., Gustinelli A., Caffara M., Francalacci C., Fioravanti M. L., and Menconi V., Gustinelli A., Caffara M., Francalacci C., Fioravanti M.L.
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Anisakis, zoonosi ittiche, acquacoltura, Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata - Abstract
L’anisakiasi è una zoonosi parassitaria di origine alimentare sostenuta da larve al terzo stadio (L3) di nematodi appartenenti alla famiglia Anisakidae ed in particolare al genere Anisakis. Soprattutto in seguito alla recente emergenza di sindromi allergiche da Anisakis, l’EFSA nel 2010 ha pubblicato un parere scientifico sui rischi correlati alla presenza di parassiti zoonotici in prodotti ittici, considerando sicura la pratica d’allevamento del salmone atlantico (Salmo salar) in quanto, se allevati partendo da avannotti prodotti in sistemi chiusi e alimentati sempre con mangime inerte, questi animali presenterebbero un rischio di infestazione da larve di Anisakis trascurabile. Su questa base, il Reg. UE n. 1276/2011, che modifica l’allegato III del Reg. CE n. 853\2004, puntualizza la possibile deroga al trattamento di congelamento, obbligatorio per i prodotti della pesca destinati ad essere consumati sotto forma di preparazioni a rischio (crudi, marinati, affumicati a freddo, ecc.), per i prodotti ittici derivanti da allevamento quando vengono rispettati i criteri definiti dall’EFSA analogamente al salmone atlantico. Appare quindi d’importanza strategica fornire dati scientifici estesi ed attendibili sull’assenza di parassiti zoonotici nei prodotti della maricoltura mediterranea non solo ai fini di una loro migliore qualificazione commerciale ma anche per una più facile applicabilità di tale deroga da parte delle autorità competenti. Nell’ambito delle attività di ricerca previste dal progetto europeo H2020 ParaFishControl “Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European farmed fish”, da marzo 2016 a giugno 2017 è stato condotto un esteso monitoraggio parassitologico in spigole (Dicentrarchus labrax) ed orate (Sparus aurata) allevate in Italia. Le attività di campionamento hanno coinvolto 4 allevamenti nazionali, di cui 3 in gabbie galleggianti ed uno in vasche a terra, prelevando almeno 258 esemplari per specie/allevamento suddivisi in 4 campionamenti a cadenza stagionale per un totale di 1040 spigole e 1090 orate. La numerosità campionaria è stata calcolata in modo da ottenere almeno il 95% di probabilità di evidenziare un esemplare positivo con prevalenza >2%. Per la ricerca di larve di nematodi Anisakidae sono stati associati: esame visivo diretto e mediante transilluminatore di visceri e porzioni muscolari, metodo della UV-press dei filetti e digestione con soluzione cloro- peptica del pacchetto viscerale. Tutti gli esemplari di spigola e orata esaminati sono risultati negativi per la presenza di stadi larvali di Anisakis spp. In un unico esemplare di spigola proveniente da un allevamento in gabbia è stata evidenziata la presenza di una larva di Hysterothylacium fabri (nematode non zoonotico) incistata sulla superficie del fegato ed identificata a livello di specie mediante PCR-RFLP. Alla luce della trasmissione di questo parassita a pesci predatori per via trofica, similmente ai nematodi Anisakidae zoonotici, nel prossimo futuro verranno condotte indagini mirate ad identificare i fattori di rischio che hanno condotto all’infestazione da H. fabri in allevamento, seppur in un unico esemplare, ed individuare gli eventuali punti critici da monitorare. I risultati ottenuti da questa indagine indicano comunque come nelle spigole e nelle orate allevate in Italia il rischio d’infestazione da Anisakis sia da ritenersi trascurabile, aprendo la via ad azioni di qualificazione dei prodotti della maricoltura mediterranea.
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- 2017
7. Histopathological survey on farmed meagre (Argyrosomus regius) affected by Systemic Granulomatous Syndrome (SGS)
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Gustinelli A., Colak S., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Kolega M., Mejdandžić D., Caffara M., Menconi V., Fioravanti M. L., Gustinelli A., Colak S., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Kolega M., Mejdandžić D., Caffara M., Menconi V., and Fioravanti M.L.
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Argyrosomus regius ,Systemic Granulomatous Syndrome ,Meagre, Argyrosomus regius, Systemic Granulomatous Syndrome, Histology ,Farmed meagre ,Farmed meagre, Argyrosomus regius, Systemic Granulomatous Syndrome - Abstract
Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) represents a promising fish species for the diversification in European aquaculture, on the basis of its rapid growth performances. Nevertheless, there are still several bottlenecks for optimization of meagre production, among which the Systemic Granulomatous Syndrome (SGS) is considered a widespread emerging threat. In order to evaluate the impact of SGS on the health of farmed meagre in Croatia, a histopathological investigation has been carried out. A total of 98 meagres were monthly sampled during the period July 2015-May 2016 from three cages with different feeding protocols: commercial pellet, hydrated commercial pellet and frozen sardines. From each sampled fish, portions of gills, stomach and intestine, liver, kidney, spleen and heart were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histology. The SGS has been observed in the meagre from the 3 cages throughout the period under study. Few days after introduction of 6 g fish from a foreign hatchery, the SGS was already evident, with a disseminated granulomatosis in the kidney, mild granulomatosis in the liver and macrovacuolar hepatic steatosis. No significative differences in the fish from the three different cages have been observed, as well as a worsening of granulomatosis throughout the study period. In general, in all the examined fish the kidney and, to a lesser extent, the liver were the organs principally affected by SGS, with mild to severe granulomatosis, usually disseminated, in some case with coalescent granulomas. In the liver, the observation of macrovacuolar steatosis was constant. Based on histological observation and the few data from literature, SGS in meagre seems to be a pathological condition caused by concurrent factors, such as the presence of a Calcium/ Phosphorus imbalance (high CO2), worsened by the co-occurrence of a particularly susceptible life stage (0+ juvenile) and influenced by cold-water temperatures during winter period.When the ongrowing phase starts with fish showing an already established SGS during the nursery/hatchery phase, it greatly hampers health and productivity of meagre during the following production cycle. An improvement of knowledge on the optimization of diet in farmed meagre and related health issues is necessary to overtake one of the main bottlenecks that still limit the productivity of meagre.
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- 2017
8. Epidemiological and pathogenetic issues of nodular gill disease, an emerging pathology in italian farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Quaglio F., Perolo A., Lunelli F., Manfrin A., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M. L., Dalla Pozza M., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Lunelli F., Manfrin A., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Fioravanti M.L., and Dalla Pozza M.
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Rainbow trout ,nodular gill disease, amoeba, Italy, Histology ,Epidemiology ,animal diseases ,Nodular Gill Disease ,Nodular Gill Disease, Epidemiology, Rainbow trout - Abstract
Introduction: In the latest years the nodular gill disease (NGD) is one of the most serious health problem in rainbow trout cultured in Northern Italy. This disease caused by amoebae has been reported to affect salmonids farmed in freshwater environment of Northern Europe and North America. Relatively little is known about epidemiology and pathogenesis of NGD. Methodology: To clarify the possible risk factors related to the occurrence of NGD, a study area (province of Trento - Northern Italy) was identified where an epidemiological investigation at farm level was planned. Data required were collected during onsite visits by a veterinarian. A standardized questionnaire, implemented and tested during the first steps of the project, is being used for data collection. Information on disease status, species stocked, farm activities undertaken, risk factors related to NGD introduction and spread are included in the questionnaire together with data on management practices and biosecurity measures applied at farm level. Anamnestic and clinical information related to the health status of each farm are reported in the questionnaire. To assess distances from case farms identified as hazards and upstream-downstream proximity to other farms, data on the location of farms, stored in a regional web GIS, will be available. A database will be implemented in order to validate, store and analyze the data collected during the project. Data collection started in November 2017 and is still in progress. To understand the pathogenesis of NGD three tanks, respectively from three trout farms located in the province of Trento, were monitored every fifteen days from September 2016 to March 2017. Ten fish from each tank (five samples at the inlet and five at the outlet) were taken during each monitoring phase and subjected to necropsy and to microscopic and histological examination of the gills. Expected results: The epidemiological investigation provides information about the real diffusion of NGD in the province of Trento and identify the factors that may favor the development of disease. The study of pathogenesis could reveal the timing and mode of NGD development.
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- 2017
9. POTENZIALE TRASFERIMENTO DI SAPROLEGNIA SPP. DALL’ALLEVAMENTO ALL’AMBIENTE SELVATICO: RISULTATI PRELIMINARI
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Galuppi R., Sandoval-Sierra J. V., Cainero M., Menconi V., Tedesco P., Gustinelli A., Diéguez Uribeondo J., Fioravanti M. L., and Galuppi R., Sandoval-Sierra J.V., Cainero M., Menconi V., Tedesco P., Gustinelli A., Diéguez Uribeondo J., Fioravanti M.L.
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Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia ferax, salmonidi selvatici, salmonidi allevati, italia - Abstract
La saprolegniosi è considerata un’infezione ubiquitaria all’interno dell’ecosistema dulciacquicolo, con diffusione sia nei fiumi che negli allevamenti (Willoughby & Pickering, 1977). L’agente eziologico, Saprolegnia spp., è considerato un patogeno opportunista facoltativo e molto spesso le condizioni di allevamento possono contribuire a creare situazioni favorenti l’instaurarsi dell’infezione nella popolazione. Allo scopo di valutare il potenziale trasferimento di Saprolegnia spp. dai pesci allevati a quelli selvatici e viceversa è stata effettuata un’indagine in 2 allevamenti di trota iridea (in provincia di Vicenza e di Bolzano), in 2 allevamenti di trota fario e marmorata (in provincia di Udine e Pordenone) e nei sistemi idrici tributari ed effluenti dagli stessi allevamenti. Sono stati effettuati due campionamenti: il primo in autunno/inverno e il secondo in inverno-primavera, periodi di maggiore emergenza della saprolegniosi negli allevamenti di salmonidi. Nel corso di ciascun campionamento, da ogni allevamento sono stati prelevate 10 trote, preferibilmente con lesioni riferibili a Saprolegniosi; quando possibile altrettanti pesci, con o senza lesioni, sono stati prelevati nelle acque libere sia monte che a valle di ciascun allevamento. In ciascun sito di campionamento sono inoltre state collocate 5 trappole di rete metallica contenenti ciascuna 7 porzioni di semi di canapa precedentemente sterilizzate (Seymour, 1970; Johnson et al., 2002), che sono stati lasciate in situ per almeno 10 giorni e poi raccolte. Due frammenti di micelio, per quanto riguarda i pesci con lesioni, un pezzetto di pinna dorsale e di branchia per i pesci senza lesioni, e tutti i semi di canapa recuperati dalle trappole sono stati seminati su glucose-yeast extract agar (Min et al., 1994) addizionato di penicillina (6 mg/l) e acido ossolinico (10/mg/l) (Alderman & Polglase, 1986) (GY+P+OX). Gli isolati ottenuti sono stati inviati al CSIC-RJB, Spagna, per le analisi molecolari volte alla loro identificazione a livello di specie (Sandoval-Sierra et al., 2014). Da 81 pesci campionati negli allevamenti sono stati ottenuti 61 isolati, mentre dai 27 pesci selvatici catturati a monte e dai 45 a valle, quasi tutti senza lesioni, si sono ottenuti rispettivamente 9 e 17 isolati. La specie di oomiceti riscontrata con maggior frequenza è stata Saprolegnia parasitica (78,6%), mentre altre specie sono state trovate più raramente. Dai 463 semi di canapa messe in coltura sono stati ottenuti 415 isolati, con Saprolegnia ferax quale specie più frequente (31,3%). Sebbene la composizione delle specie riscontrata in allevamento, nelle acque a monte e a valle dello stesso e nei pesci senza lesioni, sia risultata simile, nei pesci con lesioni si è osservata una maggiore prevalenza di S. parasitica. In un allevamento della provincia di Bolzano dove la saprolegniosi non veniva ritenuta un problema sanitario, S. parasitica è stata isolata solo da un pesce selvatico senza lesioni catturato a valle dell’impianto, in una zona dove venivano introdotti salmonidi per ripopolamento. Questa pratica potrebbe quindi rappresentare un rischio per la trasmissione di Saprolegnia alle popolazioni selvatiche, come già ipotizzato in altri studi. La genotipizzazione dei ceppi isolati, ancora in corso, sarà utile a chiarire meglio la circolazione di Saprolegnia spp. negli ambienti in studio, permettendo di definire le interazioni esistenti tra popolazioni allevate e selvatiche nella trasmissione di questo oomicete. Il lavoro ha comunque evidenziato come il metodo delle trappole con semi di canapa possa essere utile nell’ambito di studi epidemiologici sulla diffusione di Saprolegnia spp., in quanto permette di evitare o limitare tecniche invasive sui pesci e superare i problemi di campionamento dei pesci selvatici.
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- 2017
10. HISTEROMORPHA TRILOBA (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMIDAE) REPORTED IN CYPRINIDS OF LIGURIAN INLAND WATERS
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Prearo, M., Menconi, V., Righetti, M., Santi, M., Capurro, M., Ciuffardi, L., Oneto, F., Ottonello, D., Pastorino, P., S.I.E.F. – Società Italiana di Ecopatologia della Fauna, Stancampiano L., Armaroli E., Viganò R., Ferrari N., Prearo, M., Menconi, V., Righetti, M., Santi, M., Capurro, M., Ciuffardi, L., Oneto, F., Ottonello, D., and Pastorino, P.
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Liguria ,caprinici ,acque interne ,parassiti - Published
- 2017
11. Systemic infection by Vibrio harveyi in humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus (Rüppell, 1835) at a public aquarium
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Florio D., Gustinelli A., Gridelli S., Da Rugna C., Menconi V., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Zanoni R. G., Fioravanti M. L., Florio D., Gustinelli A., Gridelli S., Da Rugna C., Menconi V., Quaglio F., Perolo A., Zanoni R.G., and Fioravanti M.L.
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Humphead wrasse ,Cheilinus undulatus ,Cheilinus undulatus, Public aquarium, Vibrio harveyi ,Vibrio harveyi, Humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus ,Vibrio harveyi - Abstract
The humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, also known as Napoleon wrasse or Maori, is one of the giant coral reef fish of the Indo-Pacific Area. In public aquaria C. undulatus is frequently exhibited for its huge body size, longevity and as a conservation ambassador of reef ecosystems. The knowledge about diseases of this precious and rare fish species is very limited and only a few disorders have been reported in literature. In May 2008 one humphead wrasse was introduced to the Cattolica Aquarium, Italy and exhibited in a 56,000 l tank together with a mixed population of teleosts, sharks and rays. In February 2017 the fish, weighing 15 kg, died and no clinical signs were observed in the days before its death. The fish was immediately necropsied and standard parasitological, bacteriological and histological exams were carried out in order to investigate causes of death. At necropsy, fish showed slightly pale gill and the presence of a severe fibrinous peritonitis. In the posterior part of the kidney, a diffuse area of necrosis with suppurative-like aspect was also observed. No gross lesions were noticed in other organs and no parasites have been found both macro and microscopically. After 24 h of incubation at 25±1°C, from all the inoculated organs (kidney, spleen, liver and brain) a number of morphologically similar colonies grew on TSA+1.5% NaCl and TCBS plates respectively. The isolates were identified as Vibrio harveyi and antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Histological exams showed the presence of bacterial aggregatesassociated to necrosis in most of the internal organs, especially in the kidney. Macrovacuolar liver steatosis was also observed. Furthermore several elongated fungal hyphae were found only in liver blood vessels. This case is to our knowledge the first report of systemic infection by Vibrio harveyi in a humphead wrasse and highlights the potential pathogenic role of these microorganisms in fish kept under confined condition.
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- 2017
12. A survey on zoonotic helminths in farmed fish to evaluate the safety of Italian aquaculture products
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Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Caffara M., Pardo M., Fioravanti M. L., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Caffara M., Pardo M., and Fioravanti M.L.
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Fish-borne zoonoses, Anisakis, Diphyllobothrium, Opisthorchis, Italy, Aquaculture, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Sparus aurata, European seabass - Abstract
Introduction: Several zoonotic helminths can be transmitted to humans by consumption of raw, undercooked, marinated or cold smoked fish products, representing a relevant public health concern. Although up to now in Italy the presence of zoonotic helminths has been documented only in wild fish populations, extensive epidemiological surveys are needed in order to assess the possible zoonotic risks linked to consumption of national aquaculture products. At this purpose, a wide parasitological survey has being undertaken on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT), gilthead seabream Sparus aurata (GSB) and European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (ESB) farmed in Italy. Methodology: From spring 2016 to spring 2017 a total of 2347 fish have been examined. In particular, 738 RBT from 4 Italian freshwater trout farms (two farms located in the area endemic for diphyllobothriasis in Northwestern Italy, 1 in the area endemic for opisthorchiasis in Central Italy and 1 in a highly productive area of Northeastern Italy) were subjected to methods aimed to search for larval stages of diphyllobothriid cestodes (visual inspection and candling) and opisthorchiid digeneans (muscular compression/artificial digestion followed by microscopic examination). Furthermore, 781 GSB and 828 ESB from 4 marine farms (3 cage systems and 1 inland farm located in Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas) were examined for anisakid larvae by UV-press method and artificial digestion. A seasonal periodicity has been applied, sampling 65 specimens/fish species/farm/season in order to reach a statistically significant amount of fish at the end of the survey (258 fish/farm). Results: No zoonotic parasites have been found in all the examined fish at the level of confidence of 99% with a margin of error of 5%. Conclusions: The results so far obtained during this survey are encouraging and seem to confirm that the risks linked to zoonotic helminths in Italian aquacultured fish species are null or negligible, when good farming practices are applied along the production chain.
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- 2017
13. Preliminary tests on in vitro activity of different pure and commercial compounds against Saprolegnia spp
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Galuppi R., Tedesco P., Ciardo M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Caffara M., Fioravanti M. L., Galuppi R., Tedesco P., Ciardo M., Gustinelli A., Menconi V., Caffara M., and Fioravanti M.L.
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Saprolegnia, control, aquaculture - Abstract
Introduction: Oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are responsible for severe economic losses in freshwater aquaculture. Compounds of proven activity against Saprolegnia spp. (i.e. malachite green) are potentially hazardous to human health and the environment, and their use is forbidden by European regulations. Therefore, the demand for new treatments pushes towards the selection of more safe and environmentally friendly products. In the present work, in vitro activity of two pure compounds (Oxalic acid; Sodium percarbonate) and two commercial products (Actidrox®, De Marco, Italy; Virkon® S, Dupont) was tested on different strains of Saprolegnia. Malachite green was used as reference compound. Methodology: Preliminary trials were performed using two protocols available in the literature by Alderman: one screening method in Agar aimed at assessing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and one hour bath in aqueous solution of mycelium growing on polycarbonate membrane, to assess the minimum lethal concentration (MLC). Two field strains of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) and one reference strain of S. parasitica (CBS 223.65 furnished by CSICRJB) have been tested in triplicate per each concentration. Results: Our results show that oxalic acid and Virkon® are effective in inhibiting the growth of the mycelium, although at concentrations too high to be applied in the field (MIC 1000 mg/ L). Actidrox® showed a different activity between the two methods (MIC 5000 mg/ L; MLC 500 mg/ L), possibly due to its mechanism of action, that requires presence of water. Tested concentrations of Sodium percarbonate were effective only in slowing down the mycelium growth. Conclusions: Further in vitro trials will be necessary, considering a wider range of promising compounds. The combination of the two methods (inoculation in agar and contact in aqueous solution) represents a good investigation approach for screening the activity of different molecules and products against Saprolegnia spp.
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- 2017
14. INDAGINE SUL POSSIBILE IMPATTO DELLA MALATTIA PROLIFERATIVA RENALE (MPR) SULLE POPOLAZIONI DI SALMONIDI DELL’ALTO ADIGE
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GUSTINELLI, ANDREA, CAFFARA, MONICA, FIORAVANTI, MARIALETIZIA, Menconi V., Grund H., Merlo N., Pircher A., Quaglio F., Società Italiana di PAtologia Ittica, Gustinelli A., Caffara M., Menconi V., Grund H., Merlo N., Pircher A., Quaglio F., and Fioravanti M.L
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MALATTIA PROLIFERATIVA RENALE, SALMO TRUTTA, TETRACAPSULOIDES BRYOSALMONAE, BOLZANO - Abstract
La Malattia Proliferativa Renale (MPR) o Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) è un’importante malattia parassitaria dei salmonidi sostenuta da Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa, Malacosporea) che viene trasmessa ai pesci mediante spore rilasciate in acqua da briozoi dulciacquicoli. Al momento si ritiene che solo Salmo trutta, Salvelinus spp. e ceppi nord-americani di trota iridea (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rientrino attivamente nel ciclo biologico di T. bryosalmonae, sviluppando ed eliminando spore infettanti per i briozoi, mentre le trote iridee di ceppo europeo ed altri salmonidi del genere Salmo e Oncorhynchus non sarebbero idonei a produrre spore infettanti e rappresenterebbero ospiti a fondo cieco nei quali la malattia si sviluppa in modo molto più grave. Alcuni studi recenti hanno però posto in relazione l’infezione da T. bryosalmonae con il declino delle popolazioni selvatiche di salmone atlantico (Salmo salar) in Norvegia e di trota fario in Svizzera ed in Danimarca. In seguito all’osservazione di una forte diminuzione delle popolazioni di salmonidi selvatici nei fiumi dell’Alto -Adige si è deciso quindi di intraprendere un monitoraggio volto a comprendere l’eventuale ruolo della MPR nel determinismo di tale fenomeno. Le ricerche sono state condotte da aprile a novembre 2013 e sono stati effettuati 4 campionamenti mediante elettrostorditore nei mesi di aprile, giugno, luglio e settembre per ognuno dei fiumi Adige, Passirio, Isarco e Rienza. Sono stati inoltre sottoposti a campionamento tre allevamenti di trote situati in bacini idrografici siti nella Provincia di Bolzano. Nel corso della ricerca sono state esaminate in totale 238 trote selvatiche, di cui 65 S. trutta fario, 70 S. trutta marmorata, 102 soggetti ibridi ed un unico esemplare di trota iridea pescato nel fiume Passirio. Per quanto riguarda gli allevamenti sono stati esaminati 154 pesci, di cui 140 trote marmorate e 14 trote fario. Ogni esemplare campionato veniva sottoposto ad esame anatomo-patologico e da ogni soggetto venivano eseguite sul campo impronte di rene e milza successivamente colorate con la metodica di May-Grünwald-Giemsa; porzioni di rene, milza, fegato, branchie, cervello ed intestino venivano fissate in formalina tamponata al 10% per la conduzione dell’esame istologico. Una porzione di rene posteriore veniva inoltre prelevata da ogni pesce per la diagnosi molecolare mediante PCR. Su tutti gli esemplari esaminati non si sono mai evidenziate lesioni anatomo-patologiche riferibili a MPR. L’esame microscopico delle impronte di rene e milza colorate con MGG e l’esame istologico non hanno evidenziato presenza di stadi extrasporogonici o sporogonici di T. bryosalmonae né lesioni riferibili alla malattia. Le analisi molecolari hanno permesso di evidenziare positività per T. bryosalmonae in 11 (4,6%) delle 238 trote selvatiche esaminate, in particolare in 4 esemplari (2 ibridi, una trota fario ed una trota marmorata) prelevati dal Basso Adige (6,8% sul totale di 59 trote campionate da questo fiume) ed in 7 esemplari (3 trote fario, 3 ibridi e 1 trota marmorata) prelevati dal Basso Isarco (11,7% sul totale di 60 trote campionate da questo fiume). Tutti i salmonidi campionati dai fiumi Passirio e Rienza sono risultati negativi. Per quanto riguarda gli allevamenti, in un solo impianto sono risultate positive 6 (42,9%) delle 14 trote fario esaminate nel mese di novembre. Il riscontro di positività solo mediante PCR potrebbe essere correlata a cariche parassitarie molto basse o ad infezioni precoci. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, anche in considerazione delle temperature rilevate nel corso dell’indagine, sempre
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- 2016
15. Prima segnalazione di malattia nodulare branchiale nella trota fario (Salmo trutta L.)
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Perolo, A., Accini, A., Lunelli, F., Dalla Pozza, M., Gustinelli, A., Menconi, V., Fioravanti, M. L., and Quaglio, F.
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Malattia nodulare branchiale ,Trota fario, Malattia nodulare branchiale, Ameba ,Ameba ,Trota fario - Published
- 2017
16. Indagine sul possibile impatto della malattia proliferativa renale (mpr) sulle popolazioni di salmonidi dell’Alto Adige. Atti del XXII Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Patologia Ittica
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Gustinelli, A., Caffara, M., Menconi, V., Grund, H., Merlo, N., Pircher, A., Quaglio, Francesco, and Fioravanti, M. L.
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MPR ,Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae ,PKD ,Malattia Proliferativa Renale, MPR, PKD, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Italia ,Malattia Proliferativa Renale ,Italia - Published
- 2016
17. STUDI SULLA PREVALENZA DI ECHINOPHALLUS WAGENERI (EUCESTODA: BOTHRIOCEPHALIDEA) IN UNA POPOLAZIONE DI RICCIOLA DI FONDALE (CENTROLOPHUS NIGER) DEL MAR LIGURE DI PONENTE
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Prearo, M., Menconi, V., Gustinelli, A., Caimi, C., Mugetti, Davide, Pastorino, P., Scanzio, T., Mignone, W., Garibaldi, F., Fioravanti, M. L., and Bona, M. C.
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- 2015
18. First electrosurgical excision of fibrosarcoma in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)
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Campolo, M., Postiglione, G., Menconi, V., Magi, Gian Enrico, and Iannaccone, M.
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- 2015
19. Nodular gill disease in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in Italy
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Quaglio, F, primary, Perolo, A, additional, Bronzatti, P, additional, Gustinelli, A, additional, Menconi, V, additional, Cavazza, G, additional, Caffara, M, additional, Manfrin, A, additional, Gallo, E, additional, and Fioravanti, M L, additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
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20. Explorando a transformada wavelet contínua.
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Domingues, M. O., Mendes, O., Kaibara, M. K., Menconi, V. E., and Bernardes, E.
- Abstract
Copyright of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física is the property of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Relationship between the prevalence of Dibothriocephalus latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) and the load of Escherichia coli: New findings in a neglected fish-borne parasitic zoonosis
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Davide Mugetti, Mattia Tomasoni, Marino Prearo, Roberta Tedeschi, Simona Zoppi, Paolo Pastorino, Alessia Di Blasio, Elisabetta Pizzul, Alessandro Dondo, Vasco Menconi, Menconi, V., Zoppi, S., Pastorino, P., Di Blasio, A., Tedeschi, R., Pizzul, E., Mugetti, D., Tomasoni, M., Dondo, A., and Prearo, M.
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Veterinary medicine ,Epidemiology ,Cestoda ,medicine.disease_cause ,Lake Iseo ,Fish Diseases ,Diphyllobothrium ,Infestation ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Diphyllobothriidea ,wastewater treatment plant ,Dibothriocephalus latus ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Zoonosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Endemic area ,Perca fluviatili ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Perca fluviatilis ,Infectious Diseases ,Italy ,prevalence of infestation ,%22">Fish - Abstract
The sub-Alpine lakes of Switzerland, Italy and France have long been reported as an endemic area of diphyllobothriosis, a parasitic zoonosis aused by Dibothriocephalus latus. With this study, we explored the hypothesis for a relationship between the prevalence of D. latus in Perca fluviatilis and the Escherichia coli load in lake water. To do this, we identified eleven sampling sites in three areas (north, centre and south) of Lake Iseo (north Italy) to determine E. coli load and the prevalence of D. latus in P. fluviatilis. Prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of D. latus infestation ranged from 0% (95% CI: 0.71–0.0) in Sarnico (southern area) to 20% (95% CI: 33.0–11.2) in Pisogne (northern area). There were significant differences in prevalence be-tween the sites (χ2= 31.12; p- value= .0006) and in E. coli load (Kruskal–Wallis test; p- value= .0005). There was decreasing gradient of E. coli load and prevalence of D. latus infestation from north to south. A significant positive correlation (r= .881; p- value= .003) was found between E. coli load and prevalence of D. latus. Also, linear regression showed a significant relationship between E. coli load and prevalence of infestation (R2= .775). Our findings offer an explanation for the link between E. coliload in water and D. latus prevalence. The potential factors in this link are the ef-ficiency of the local wastewater treatment plant, the bathymetric profile of the lake and the life cycle of D. latus, which is mainly affected by light and water temperature.KEYWORDSItaly, Lake Iseo, Perca fluviatilis, prevalence of infestation, wastewater treatment plant, the bathymetric profile of the lake and the life cycle of D. latus, which is mainly affected by light and water temperature.
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- 2021
22. Unusual Localization of Pennella Sp. in Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) Hearts
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Maria Teresa Capucchio, Marino Prearo, Andrea Gustinelli, Walter Mignone, Davide Mugetti, Elena Colombino, Franco Guarda, Vasco Menconi, F. Garibaldi, Mugetti D., Colombino E., Menconi V., Garibaldi F., Mignone W., Gustinelli A., Prearo M., Guarda F., and Capucchio M.T.
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0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,copepods ,histological characterization ,Veterinary medicine ,Zoology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genus ,cardiac inflammation ,Infestation ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Gladius ,marine fishes ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Host (biology) ,Communication ,Swordfish ,Pelagic zone ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Copepod ,food safety ,QL1-991 ,Pennella ,Cardiac inflammation ,Copepods ,Food safety ,Histological characterization ,Marine fishes ,Parasitic diseases ,040102 fisheries ,Marine fishe ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Histopathology - Abstract
Simple Summary Copepods of the genus Pennella are parasites of marine aquatic organisms (e.g., cephalopods, pelagic fish, cetaceans). They can infest fish of economic interest, including tuna and swordfish. The infestation of Pennella sp. in fish creates problems of food safety and fish marketing. Generally, these copepods penetrate the host’s muscle, without damaging internal organs. Here, we report on Pennella sp. infestation in swordfish heart muscle. The severity of the cardiac lesions we observed suggests that parasites of the genus Pennella pose a concern for food safety as well as animal health. Abstract The genus Pennella comprises hematophagous parasites of marine aquatic species, including cephalopods, marine mammals, and pelagic fish. Nine species have been officially included in the genus Pennella plus another six species inquirendae. They are most often found in the host’s musculature, without penetrating internal organs. For the present study, 83 hearts from swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in the Mediterranean Sea were sampled and immediately fixed in formalin for histopathological analysis. In total, 10 (12.05%) hearts were found to be parasitized by copepods of the genus Pennella. Macroscopically, there was mild-to-severe fibrinous pericarditis with atrial wall thickening and multiple parasitic nodules. Histologically, the parasitic nodules were surrounded by an inflammatory-necrotizing reaction. Parasitic infestation by Pennella spp. is common in pelagic fish and in swordfish, in particular. Here, however, we report atypical cardiac localization. A future area of focus is the evaluation of cardiac Pennella spp. infestation by histopathology and genetic identification of the parasites.
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- 2021
23. The role of live fish trade in the translocation of parasites: the case of Cystidicola farionis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Marino Prearo, Davide Mugetti, Paolo Pastorino, Vasco Menconi, Morena Santi, Gaetano Zuccaro, Giulia Cavazza, Menconi, V., Pastorino, P., Cavazza, G., Santi, M., Mugetti, D., Zuccaro, G., and Prearo, M.
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Trout farms ,biology ,Nematodes ,Cystidicola farionis ,Live fish trade ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cystidicola farioni ,Trout ,Rainbow trout ,Gammarus ,Swim bladder ,Infestation ,medicine ,Parasite hosting ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Salmonidae ,Nematode - Abstract
Cystidicola farionis is a nematode of the swim bladder that parasitizes Salmonidae and Osmeridae families, with a range of diffusion in Europe, Asia, and North America. During a fish health monitoring performed in July 2017 in a trout farm located in northwest Italy, a prevalence of 70% for C. farionis was recorded in rainbow trout from a unique tank. In order to clarify the first occurrence of this parasite in northwest Italy, a total of 180 specimens were analysed in different seasons to obtain prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of infestation. Moreover, amphipods were also sampled during each fish sampling campaign. Only fish sampled in August 2017 were positive for C. farionis, since fish were then sold and replaced with a new batch. All isolated nematodes were identified by morphological criteria as subadults (L4), but not sexually matured. All examined amphipods (genus Gammarus) resulted negative for the presence of the parasite. The most probable explanation of this report was due to the movement of a single fish batch from northeast Italy, previously described as an endemic area for this parasite. The absence of the parasite in the amphipods and consequently in other fish batches from other tanks are due to the lifetime cycle of the parasite that had no time to infect new hosts.
- Published
- 2019
24. Could Fish Feeding Behaviour and Size Explain Prevalence Differences of the Nematode Eustrongylides excisus among Species? The Case Study of Lake Garda
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Vasco Menconi, Perla Tedesco, Paolo Pastorino, Ivano Confortini, Giuseppe Esposito, Mattia Tomasoni, Davide Mugetti, Andrea Gustinelli, Alessandro Dondo, Elisabetta Pizzul, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Marino Prearo, Menconi, Vasco, Tedesco, Perla, Pastorino, Paolo, Confortini, Ivano, Esposito, Giuseppe, Tomasoni, Mattia, Mugetti, Davide, Gustinelli, Andrea, Dondo, Alessandro, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Letizia Fioravanti, Maria, Prearo, Marino, Menconi V., Tedesco P., Pastorino P., Confortini I., Esposito G., Tomasoni M., Mugetti D., Gustinelli A., Dondo A., Pizzul E., Fioravanti M.L., and Prearo M.
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Micropterus salmoides ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,Lepomis gibossu ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Perca fluviatili ,Hydraulic engineering ,Lepomis gibossus ,Aquatic Science ,Food–borne zoonose ,trophic level ,Biochemistry ,food–borne zoonoses ,Perca fluviatilis ,food–borne zoonose ,Micropterus salmoide ,TC1-978 ,TD201-500 ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The nematode Eustrongylides excisus is a parasite of freshwater fish- and fish-eating birds, with known differences on prevalence values among fish species. Thus, the present study aims to explore the hypothesis that the feeding behavior and the size of fish belonging to different trophic levels could explain such differences. For that, 14 sampling sites were selected to perform a fish parasitological survey on Lake Garda (Italy) during spring-summer 2020. Amplification of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences of nematodes morphologically ascribable to the genus Eustrongylides allowed to identify them as E. excisus. From the five studied fish species (Perca fluviatilis, Lepomis gibbous, Coregonus lavaretus, Alosa fallax lacustris and Micropterus salmoides), only three presented the parasite E. excisus: P. fluviatilis, L. gibbous and M. salmoides, with significant differences in prevalence values among species (p = 0.002). Additionally, there were differences in prevalence values within the same fish species captured from different sampling sites. Findings showed that mainly piscivorous fish were positive for E. excisus and how the prevalence was highest in M. salmoides. As regard the fish size, a negative correlation between body size and E. excisus was found in P. fluviatilis due to the feeding habit of juvenile perch which feed mainly zooplankton and benthic invertebrates (i.e., oligochaetes, which are the first intermediate hosts of E. excisus). The study findings advance novel knowledge in the field of pathogens of zoonotic importance in the aquatic environment.
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- 2021
25. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements, Persistence of NDL‑PCB, PAHs, and Microplastics in the Translocated Edible Freshwater Sinotaia quadrata (Gasteropoda, Viviparidae): A Case Study from the Arno River Basin (Central Italy)
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Valentina Ciccotelli, Annamaria Nocita, Elisabetta Pizzul, Paolo Pastorino, Marino Prearo, Roberta Giugliano, Marina Silvi, Vasco Menconi, B. Vivaldi, Annalisa Zaccaroni, Mattia Tomasoni, Serena Anselmi, Monia Renzi, Pastorino P., Nocita A., Ciccotelli V., Zaccaroni A., Anselmi S., Giugliano R., Tomasoni M., Silvi M., Menconi V., Vivaldi B., Pizzul E., Renzi M., Prearo M., Pastorino, Paolo, Nocita, Annamaria, Ciccotelli, Valentina, Zaccaroni, Annalisa, Anselmi, Serena, Giugliano, Roberta, Tomasoni, Mattia, Silvi, Marina, Menconi, Vasco, Vivaldi, Barbara, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Renzi, Monia, and Prearo, Marino
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Chrysene ,Microplastics ,River arno ,Benzo[a]anthracene ,Environmental monitoring ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,Risk assessment ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Drainage basin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Viviparidae ,Water Science and Technology ,Fluoranthene ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Health risk assessment ,biology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Pyrene ,Environmental science - Abstract
With this study we investigated the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn), six indicators (28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (Σ6 NDL-PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and microplastics in S. quadrata (edible part) collected from two sampling sites (1 and 2) from the Arno River Basin (Central Italy). A risk assessment of the implications for human health was also performed. Levels of potentially toxic elements in gastropods from site 2 were slightly higher and the Σ6 NDL-PCB concentration was significantly higher (7.32ngg−1vs. 3.07ngg−1) compared to site 1 due to higher anthropogenic pressures. The concentration of chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene was below the limit of quantification (0.5μgkg−1). Benzo[a]anthracene was detected in gastropods from both sites (0.5 ± 0.02μgkg−1 and 0.7 ± 0.02μgkg−1 from site 1 and 2, respectively). The microplastics frequency (mainly polyethylene terephthalate) differed significantly between the sites (site 1, 0.8 ± 1.30; site 2, 1 ± 0.37 items/specimen). All contaminant levels were compliant with international regulatory limits and guidelines. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were far below the safety values of 1 × 10–4. Similarly, the ILCR values from the Monte Carlo simulation model were all within the safety region of 1 × 10–4 and 1 × 10–6. Findings from the health risk assessment indicated no adverse effects for human health from any of the contaminants analysed here, except for microplastics for which no limits or legislation are currently in force.
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- 2021
26. The unusual isolation of carnobacteria in eyes of healthy salmonids in high‑mountain lakes
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Mattia Tomasoni, Elisabetta Pizzul, Marino Prearo, Elena Bozzetta, Alessandro Dondo, Paolo Pastorino, Giuseppe Esposito, Davide Mugetti, Vasco Menconi, Pier Luigi Acutis, Silvia Colussi, Marco Bertoli, Katia Varello, Pastorino, P., Colussi, S., Pizzul, E., Varello, K., Menconi, V., Mugetti, D., Tomasoni, M., Esposito, G., Bertoli, M., Bozzetta, E., Dondo, A., Acutis, P. G., and Prearo, M.
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0301 basic medicine ,Fish mortality ,Genotype ,Molecular biology ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,salmonid ,Zoology ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Article ,High mountain ,03 medical and health sciences ,carnobacteria ,salmonids ,high‑mountain lakes ,Animals ,Colonization ,Carnobacteriaceae ,Phylogeny ,Histological examination ,Multidisciplinary ,Environmental microbiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology.organism_classification ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Lakes ,030104 developmental biology ,Freshwater ecology ,Medicine ,Salmonidae ,Bacteria - Abstract
Carnobacteria are common bacteria in cold and temperate environments; they are also reported during fish mortality events. In a previous study, carnobacteria were isolated from the eyes of healthy wild salmonids from a high-mountain lake. To better understand these findings, salmonids were captured from three high-mountain lakes (Lower and Upper Balma Lake, Rouen Lake; northwest Italy) during August 2019 and subjected to bacteriological and histological examination. Although all were healthy, 8.7% (Lower Balma Lake), 24% (Upper Balma Lake), and 32.6% (Rouen Lake) were positive for carnobacteria colonization of the eyes. A Trojan-horse effect was hypothesized to explain carnobacteria isolation in the eye. This immune-escaping macrophage-mediated mechanism has been identified in other Gram-positive bacteria. Biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on isolated bacteria (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and C. divergens). Based on previous references for carnobacteria isolated from fish, C. maltaromaticum strains were tested for the pisA precursor gene of the bacteriocin piscicolin 126. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains were found to display genotypic heterogeneity and a low percentage of pisA positive amplification. Features of geomorphology, geographic isolation, and microbiota common to the three lakes are thought to be possibly related to our findings. Moreover, terrestrial insects collected from the lake shoreline and the stomach contents were screened for the presence of carnobacteria. The salmonids in these high-mountain environments feed mainly on terrestrial insects, which are considered possible vectors for carnobacteria that might catabolize the exoskeleton chitin. All insects tested negative for carnobacteria, but as a small number of samples were analyzed, their role as possible vectors of infection cannot be excluded. Further studies are needed to corroborate our research hypothesis.
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- 2021
27. Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?
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Davide Mugetti, Marino Prearo, Elena Bozzetta, Alessandro Dondo, Katia Varello, Simona Zoppi, Daniela Florio, Paolo Pastorino, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Vasco Menconi, Andrea Gustinelli, Mugetti, D., Varello, K., Gustinelli, A., Pastorino, P., Menconi, V., Florio, D., Fioravanti, M.L., Bozzetta, E., Zoppi, S., Dondo, A., and Prearo
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Microbiology (medical) ,Fish farming ,granulomas ,lcsh:Medicine ,Zoology ,emerging diseases ,Article ,Mycobacterium marinum complex ,European sea ba ,Aquaculture ,gilthead sea bream ,Immunology and Allergy ,emerging disease ,slow-growing mycobacteria ,European sea bass ,granuloma ,Molecular Biology ,atypical mycobacteria ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,gene sequencing ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,rpoB ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Housekeeping gene ,Infectious Diseases ,Dicentrarchus ,business ,Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii ,red drum ,Mycobacterium - Abstract
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum, has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, and Sciaenops ocellatus) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.
- Published
- 2020
28. Oxidative stress ecology in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from a high-mountain lake (Cottian Alps)
- Author
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Maria Cesarina Abete, Barbara Caldaroni, Vasco Menconi, Marco Bertoli, Paolo Pastorino, Elisabetta Pizzul, Magara Gabriele, Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr, Marino Prearo, Annalisa Zaccaroni, Paola Brizio, Antonia Concetta Elia, Pastorino, Paolo, Elia, Antonia Concetta, Caldaroni, Barbara, Menconi, Vasco, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Brizio, Paola, Bertoli, Marco, Zaccaroni, Annalisa, Gabriele, Magara, Dörr, Ambrosius Josef Martin, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Prearo, Marino, Pastorino, P., Elia, A. C., Caldaroni, B., Menconi, V., Abete, M. C., Brizio, P., Bertoli, M., Zaccaroni, A., Gabriele, M., Dorr, A. J. M., Pizzul, E., and Prearo, M.
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Gill ,Male ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Trout ,Alpine lakes ,Glutathione reductase ,Oxidative stress biomarker ,Extreme ecosystem ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Animal science ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Salvelinus ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Alpine lake ,Alpine lakesExtreme ecosystemsOxidative stress biomarkersTrace elements ,Trace elements ,biology ,Glutathione peroxidase ,Oxidative stress biomarkers ,Extreme ecosystems ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Lakes ,Oxidative Stress ,Fontinalis ,chemistry ,Italy ,Bioaccumulation ,Female ,Oxidative stress ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
High-mountain lakes are pristine ecosystems characterized by extreme environmental conditions. The atmospheric transport of pollutants from lowlands may add further stress to organisms inhabiting these environments. We investigated the environmental stress pressure on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from a high-mountain lake in the Cottian Alps (Piedmont, northwest Italy). To do this, males and females of brook trout were sampled from Balma Lake in summer (August) and autumn (October) 2017 in order to assess the influence of trace elements accumulation and environmental parameters (physicochemical parameters and nutrient characteristics of water) on oxidative stress biomarkers. Bioaccumulation of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Se, and Zn and metallothionein levels were measured in muscle tissue of males and females. Liver, gills, kidney, and spleen tissue samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione peroxidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activity. Analysis of environmental parameters showed changes in biomarker levels with seasonal variations. Water temperature was significantly higher in summer than autumn (Wilcoxon test; p = .0078), while pH was significantly higher in autumn than in summer (Wilcoxon test; p = .0078). Sex-related differences in oxidative stress biomarkers in tissues were unremarkable, whereas seasonal variability of oxidative stress biomarkers was observed, with major differences occurred for liver in summer and for gills, kidney, spleen and muscle in autumn. Positive correlations between environmental parameters and biomarkers were noted. Major fluctuations in water temperature, pH, Cu, Pb and Hg produced changes in biomarker levels; however, increased food intake during the ice-free season was probably the main factor that influenced changes in oxidative stress biomarker levels in brook trout in this extreme ecosystem.
- Published
- 2020
29. First insights into plastic and microplastic occurrence in biotic andabiotic compartments, and snow from a high-mountain lake (CarnicAlps)
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Elisabetta Pizzul, Marino Prearo, Monia Renzi, Marco Bertoli, Paolo Pastorino, Serena Anselmi, Vasco Menconi, Manuel Kušće, Pastorino, P., Pizzul, E., Bertoli, M., Anselmi, S., Kušće, M., Menconi, V., Prearo, M., and Renzi, M.
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Microplastics ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Remote ecosystem ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Chironomidae ,Cottus gobio ,Environmental monitoring ,PET ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Snow ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Lake ecosystem ,Sediment ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Lakes ,Oceanography ,Italy ,Environmental science ,Plastic pollution ,Plastics ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a pervasive environmental problem on a global scale, from the ocean depths to the aquatic ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau. To date, data on plastic and microplastic occurrence in pristine ecosystems like high-mountain lakes are lacking. In this study, plastic (>5000 μm) and microplastic (10–5000 μm) levels were measured in snow at the end of the winter season (April 2020), and in water, sediment, and biological samples collected monthly (June–October 2019) during the ice-free season from the Dimon Lake, a high-mountain lake in the Carnic Alps, northeast Italy. Biological samples consisted of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae; n = 150) and stomach contents of Cottus gobio (n = 40). Analysis of the water, sediment, and biological samples revealed the absence of plastic and microplastics larger than 10 μm, whereas the snow samples contained microplastics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) albeit at very low levels (0.11 ± 0.19 L-1). These results show that while the lake ecosystem could be considered unpolluted by microplastics, abundant snow precipitation in winter can trap microplastic particles that deposit on the ground. The very low levels of PET microparticles recorded in the snow samples suggest the need for further research to better understand the source of microplastic pollution in this environmental matrix.
- Published
- 2020
30. Assessment of Biological and Sanitary Condition of Alien Fish from a High-Mountain Lake (Cottian Alps)
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Davide Mugetti, Marzia Righetti, Marino Prearo, Sabina Pederiva, Elisabetta Pizzul, Giuseppe Esposito, Paolo Pastorino, Maria Cesarina Abete, Marco Bertoli, Vasco Menconi, Pastorino, P., Prearo, M., Bertoli, M., Menconi, V., Esposito, G., Righetti, M., Mugetti, D., Pederiva, S., Abete, M. C., and Pizzul, E.
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0106 biological sciences ,Veterinary medicine ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,Carnobacterium spp ,Alpine lakes ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Alien ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Invasive species ,Predation ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,non-native species ,Alps ,brook trout ,heavy metals ,non-native specie ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Salvelinus ,Alpine lake ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,biology.organism_classification ,Trout ,Fontinalis ,%22">Fish ,Alp ,carnobacterium spp - Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biological and sanitary conditions of alien fish in a high-mountain lake (Balma Lake) located in the Cottian Alps. A single fish sampling session (August 2018) using gillnets collected 90 specimens of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Sex and age were determined (59 females and 31 males, age class 0+ to 4+). Regression analysis showed no difference in total weight and total length between males and females (ANCOVA: F = 0.453, p = 0.954). The mean condition factor (Kmean) decreased with increasing age for males and females. Terrestrial insects were the main prey found in the fish stomachs. The parasitological exam was negative, and the bacteriological exam was positive for Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and C. divergens in 33% of specimens. The total mercury, cadmium, and lead concentration in muscle tissue was within the maximum limit established by the European Commission for human consumption. The brook trout population was found to be well structured, these findings may help local administrations in the implementation of eradication measures.
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- 2020
31. Nodular gill disease in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Italy
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A. Perolo, Marialetizia Fioravanti, P. Bronzatti, Giulia Cavazza, E. Gallo, Vasco Menconi, Monica Caffara, A. Manfrin, Andrea Gustinelli, Francesco Quaglio, Quaglio, F, Perolo, A., Bronzatti, P., Gustinelli, A., Menconi, V., Cavazza, G., Caffara, M., Manfrin, A., Gallo, E., and Fioravanti, M.L.
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Gills ,Gill ,endocrine system ,amoebae ,animal structures ,040301 veterinary sciences ,animal diseases ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,Aquatic Science ,0403 veterinary science ,Fish Diseases ,Animals ,Amoebida ,Amebiasis ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,rainbow trout ,Fishery ,Italy ,Oncorhynchus mykiss ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Rainbow trout ,Nodular Gill Disease ,Amoebae ,Oncorhynchus myki - Abstract
Nodular gill disease (NGD) is a serious parasitic condition associated with amoebic infection affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in several countries worldwide. Outbreaks of NGD have been recently observed in several rainbow trout farms in Italy, with clinical signs strongly indicative of respiratory distress and high mortality registered mainly during winter. From December 2013 to April 2015 a total of 494 rainbow trout were collected from 13 Italian farms and subjected to anatomo-pathological and histological exams. Gross gill lesions consisted in excessive mucus production, swelling, whitish nodules in the distal parts of filaments and presence of alternate discolored and congested areas. In 261 (52.8%) fish histology allowed to identify the presence of amoebae as showed also by the parasitological exam of fresh gill samples. Histological lesions, in presence of amoebae, consisted in strong hyperplasia of the gill epithelial cells producing extensive lamellar fusion with obliteration of interlamellar spaces. In more severe cases mucous cell hypertrophy, lamellar edema, necrosis and exfoliation of epithelial cells were observed. Among the epithelial cells, inflammatory infiltrate with numerous lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophilic granule cells/mast cells was detected. Further analyses are in progress in order to identify the species of amoebae involved as causative agent of NGD in Italy.
- Published
- 2016
32. RISULTATI PRELIMINARI SULLA VALUTAZIONE DEL 'RISCHIO DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM' IN TROTE IRIDEA (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) ALLEVATE IN NORD-ITALIA
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Bona, M. C., Righetti, M., Andrea Gustinelli, Scanzio, T., Burioli, Erika Astrid Virginie, Menconi, Vasco, Desiato, R., Foglini, C., Ru, G., Pastorino, P., MARIALETIZIA FIORAVANTI, Prearo, M., Bona, M.C., Righetti, M., Gustinelli, A., Scanzio, T., Burioli, E.A.V., Menconi, V., Desiato, R., Foglini, C., Ru, G., Pastorino, P., Fioravanti, M.L., and Prearo, M.
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Diphyllobothrium sp ,Acquacoltura ,Trota iridea ,Italia - Abstract
Il problema delle infestazioni parassitarie di origine ittica ha un duplice aspetto, da una parte i riflessi sul valore merceologico del prodotto ittico e dell’altra la salute del consumatore, anche se nel nostro Paese le abitudini alimentari non contemplano spesso il consumo di pesce crudo, se non limitatamente a prodotti tipici locali e ad usanze territoriali. Relativamente al trattamento per l’uccisione di parassiti vitali in prodotti della pesca destinati al consumo umano, il Reg. UE n. 1276/2011 ha indicato la possibilità di deroga ai trattamenti di congelamento previsti per i prodotti che vanno consumati crudi o sottoposti a trattamenti che non garantiscono l’uccisione dei parassiti vivi. Tale deroga può essere rilasciata solo per prodotti che derivano dall’acquacoltura e che soddisfano particolari requisiti, quali essere stati allevati in un ambiente privo di parassiti vivi, oppure in seguito a verifica, mediante procedure approvate dall’autorità competente, che non vi sia un rischio sanitario per la presenza di parassiti vivi. Si tratta di indicazioni che si riferiscono al parere scientifico emesso dall’EFSA nel 2010 sulla valutazione del rischio correlato alla presenza di parassiti nei prodotti ittici. Nel proprio parere l’EFSA raccomanda inoltre di condurre studi epidemiologici approfonditi in tutte le specie ittiche allevate. Proprio in riferimento a questa raccomandazione, è in corso un progetto di ricerca sulle zoonosi parassitarie trasmesse dai pesci dulciacquicoli; in tale ambito è stata effettuata un’indagine preliminare in un allevamento di trota iridea situato lungo l’asta del fiume Ticino, nel tratto emissario dal lago Maggiore; questo primo approccio è stato condotto al fine di ottenere, da un lato dati di prevalenza relativi alla eventuale presenza di parassiti e dall'altro uno strumento da utilizzare con la GDO per dimostrare che il problema possa considerarsi trascurabile. Presso l’allevamento preso in esame coesistono 2 fonti di approvvigionamento idrico con un diverso livello di rischio nei confronti dell’infestazione da Diphyllobothrium: acque di sola risorgiva e acque di provenienza superficiale. Il ciclo produttivo, dopo una prima fase di allevamento degli avannotti in vasche le cui acque sono di risorgiva (o di pozzo), prevede lo stazionamento degli animali in raceways, alimentati con acqua superficiale; queste vasche rappresentano il punto a maggior rischio per la presenza eventuale di infestazione, dal momento che il corpo idrico che alimenta l’allevamento, proviene da un canale di derivazione del Ticino, emissario del lago Maggiore, dove la parassitosi è presente nella fauna ittica con diverse prevalenze a seconda dei diversi punti di prelievo (prevalenza 2-5%). Il prelievo è stato condotto nel punto di maggior rischio lungo la filiera produttiva e la numerosità campionaria è stata fissata a priori, con approccio conservativo, in modo da svelare la presenza del parassita nel caso in cui la sua prevalenza fosse pari almeno al 2% con un livello di sicurezza del 95%. Sono stati campionati 150 individui di taglia commerciale (350-500 g), suddivisi in 6 campagne di campionamento svolte tra l’estate 2014 e l’estate 2015, con cadenza bimestrale (25 esemplari per prelievo). L’esame parassitologico specifico effettuato mediante sfilettatura della porzione muscolare di entrambi i lati di ogni soggetto e visione mediante vetri compressori di tutti i muscoli non ha evidenziato in alcun esemplare la presenza di parassiti. Con questi risultati, si può quindi affermare, con una sicurezza pari al 95%, che la prevalenza del parassita nell’allevamento considerato non può comunque essere superiore al 2%. Questo approccio dovrebbe essere adottato in altri comparti produttivi posti in bacini idrografici afferenti ai grandi laghi alpini, in cui la presenza della difillobotriasi è ancora attuale, per raccogliere dati epidemiologici consistenti su tale parassitosi, in modo da rafforzare l’immagine della troticoltura nazionale, conferendo un plus valore ai prodotti dell’acquacoltura.
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- 2015
33. REPERTI PARASSITARI IN SPIGOLE (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) E ORATE (SPARUS AURATA) ALLEVATE IN ITALIA
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Monica Caffara, Andrea Gustinelli, Menconi, Vasco, Cavazza, Giulia, Scaturro, G., MARIALETIZIA FIORAVANTI, Caffara, M., Gustinelli, A., Menconi, V., Cavazza, G., Scaturro, G., and Fioravanti, M.L.
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Acquacoltura ,Sparus aurata ,Dicentrarchus labrax ,Parassiti ,Italia - Abstract
Le malattie parassitarie possono rappresentare un fattore limitante in maricoltura, determinando in alcuni casi perdite di tipo diretto e, nella maggior parte dei casi, perdite indirette dovute alle ripercussioni negative sullo stato di benessere e sulle performance produttive dell’ospite. Nel presente lavoro vengono presentati i risultati delle analisi parassitologiche effettuate nel periodo gennaio 2010-settembre 2015 su spigole (Dicentrarchus labrax) ed orate (Sparus aurata) provenienti da diversi allevamenti intensivi nazionali, allo scopo di fornire un quadro generale delle specie parassitarie reperibili in queste specie ittiche nei sistemi di maricoltura nazionale. Sono stati esaminati in totale 4435 pesci, di cui 2957 spigole e 1478 orate, di diverse classi di taglia e provenienti da differenti sistemi d’allevamento qui suddivisi per macrocategorie (impianti a terra: T e impianti in gabbia: G). Tutti gli esemplari sono stati sottoposti ad esame parassitologico completo secondo metodiche di laboratorio standard. Delle 2957 spigole esaminate, 1872 (63,3%) sono risultate positive per almeno una specie parassitaria, con numerosi casi di coinfezione da più taxa parassitari. Nella tabella “Parassiti spigola” vengono riportati i valori di prevalenza osservati, suddivisi per macrocategorie di sistemi di allevamento; non sono riportati i parassiti riscontrati con percentuali di positività
- Published
- 2015
34. METACERCARIAE OF HYSTEROMORPHA TRILOBA (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMIDAE) IN WILD AND FARMED FISH IN ITALY
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Andrea Gustinelli, Menconi, Vasco, Monica Caffara, Quaglio, F., Giani, G., MARIALETIZIA FIORAVANTI, Gustinelli, A., Menconi, V., Caffara, M., Quaglio, F., Giani, G., and Fioravanti, M.L.
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Italy ,Metacercariae ,Chub ,Hysteromorpha triloba ,Black bullhead - Abstract
During 2013 two outbreaks of massive infestation by metacercariae in wild chub Squalius cephalus and farmed black bullhead Ictalurus melas were observed. The metacercariae were about 1 mm, whitish and scattered in muscle. The morphological study allowed identifying the parasites as Hysteromorpha triloba, a cosmopolitan Diplostomidae previously reported in Italy only at the adult stage in Ciconiiformes. Histological examination of skeletal muscle of infected chub revealed a massive presence of metacercariae within large elliptical cavities containing amorphous basophilic substance. At opposite ends of the cavities a mild inflammatory reaction with fibroblasts, lymphocytes, macrophages and rodlet cells was observed. Muscular fibres around the metacercariae presented hyaline degeneration and in some sections appeared replaced by granulation tissue. In black bullhead inflammatory reaction toward H. triloba appeared more severe than observed in chub; metacercariae were enclosed in roundish cysts characterized by a thick wall of granulation tissue, fibroblasts, epithelioid cells and macrophages. The differences observed regarding the tissue reactivity and pathogenic effects of H. triloba metacercariae in chub and black bullhead may be related to a different degree of adaptation of the parasite to autochthonous (the former) and allochthonous (the latter) host. The macroscopic evidence of metacercariae of H. triloba in the muscle, even in the absence of zoonotic implications, could adversely affect the marketability of parasitized fish species.
- Published
- 2015
35. The Occurrence of Freshwater Fish-Borne Zoonotic Helminths in Italy and Neighbouring Countries: A Systematic Review.
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Menconi V, Lazzaro E, Bertola M, Guardone L, Mazzucato M, Prearo M, Bilska-Zajac E, Cortinovis L, Manfrin A, Arcangeli G, and Angeloni G
- Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of fish products has surged in European countries, being an essential part of a healthy diet. Despite representing a small part of EU production, freshwater fisheries hold considerable significance for lake-dwelling populations and tourists seeking traditional dishes. This increased fish consumption has brought to light potential health risks associated with fish-borne zoonotic helminths (FBZHs), now acknowledged as global food-borne parasites. Fish-borne zoonotic helminths belong to various taxonomic groups, including nematodes (Anisakidae), trematodes (Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae), and cestodes (Diphyllobothriidae). More than 50 species of FBZH are known to cause human infections, derived from eating raw or undercooked aquatic foods containing viable parasites. Despite increased attention, FBZHs remain relatively neglected compared to other food-borne pathogens due to factors like chronic disease progression and under-diagnosis. This systematic review concentrates on the prevalence of six freshwater FBZHs ( Clinostomum complanatum , Contracaecum rudolphii , Dibothriocephalus latus , Eustrongylides excisus , Opisthorchis felineus , and Pseudamphistomum truncatum ) in Italy and neighbouring countries. The study explores the expansion of these parasites, analysing their biological and epidemiological aspects, and the factors that influence their proliferation, such as the increased cormorant population and the lake eutrophication phenomena. In summary, this research highlights the necessity for further research, the development of spatial databases, and the establishment of a unified European policy to effectively manage these multifaceted health concerns. It strongly advocates adopting a One-Health approach to address the growing incidence of parasitic zoonoses within the context of food safety in EU countries.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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36. An Epidemiological Update on Anisakis Nematode Larvae in Red Mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) from the Ligurian Sea.
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Schleicherová D, Menconi V, Moroni B, Pastorino P, Esposito G, Canola S, Righetti M, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Abstract
Red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) is a commercially relevant fish species, yet epidemiological data on anisakid nematode infestation in M. barbatus are scarce. To fill this gap, we report the occurrence of Anisakis larvae in red mullet in the Ligurian Sea (western Mediterranean). This survey was performed between 2018 and 2020 on fresh specimens of M. barbatus (n = 838) from two commercial fishing areas (Imperia, n = 190; Savona, n = 648) in the Ligurian Sea. Larvae morphologically identified as Anisakis spp. (n = 544) were characterized using PCR-RFLP as Anisakis pegreffii . The overall prevalence of A. pegreffii was 24.46%; the prevalence at each sampling site was 6.32% for Imperia and 29.78% for Savona. Furthermore, 3300 larvae of Hysterothylacium spp. were detected in the visceral organs of fish coinfected with A. pegreffii , showing that coinfection with two parasitic species is not rare. This study provides a timely update on the prevalence of ascaridoid nematodes in red mullet of the Ligurian Sea, an important commercial fishing area in the Mediterranean.
- Published
- 2023
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37. Episode of mortality associated with isolation of Streptococcus iniae in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836) reared in Northern Italy.
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Mugetti D, Colussi S, Pastorino P, Varello K, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Pedron C, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, and Prearo M
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- Animals, Aquaculture, Fishes, Italy epidemiology, Fish Diseases epidemiology, Streptococcus iniae
- Published
- 2022
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38. Reply to Pavlik et al. Clinical Relevance and Environmental Prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members. Comment on "Mugetti et al. Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members. Microorganisms 2021, 9 , 797".
- Author
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Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Pastorino P, Esposito G, Menconi V, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Abstract
We appreciate the valuable comment of Pavlik et al. [...].
- Published
- 2021
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39. Relationship between the prevalence of Dibothriocephalus latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) and the load of Escherichia coli: New findings in a neglected fish-borne parasitic zoonosis.
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Menconi V, Zoppi S, Pastorino P, Di Blasio A, Tedeschi R, Pizzul E, Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Dondo A, and Prearo M
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- Animals, Escherichia coli, Prevalence, Cestoda, Diphyllobothrium, Fish Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
The sub-Alpine lakes of Switzerland, Italy and France have long been reported as an endemic area of diphyllobothriosis, a parasitic zoonosis caused by Dibothriocephalus latus. With this study, we explored the hypothesis for a relationship between the prevalence of D. latus in Perca fluviatilis and the Escherichia coli load in lake water. To do this, we identified eleven sampling sites in three areas (north, centre and south) of Lake Iseo (north Italy) to determine E. coli load and the prevalence of D. latus in P. fluviatilis. Prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of D. latus infestation ranged from 0% (95% CI: 0.71-0.0) in Sarnico (southern area) to 20% (95% CI: 33.0-11.2) in Pisogne (northern area). There were significant differences in prevalence between the sites (χ
2 = 31.12; p-value = .0006) and in E. coli load (Kruskal-Wallis test; p-value = .0005). There was decreasing gradient of E. coli load and prevalence of D. latus infestation from north to south. A significant positive correlation (r = .881; p-value = .003) was found between E. coli load and prevalence of D. latus. Also, linear regression showed a significant relationship between E. coli load and prevalence of infestation (R2 = .775). Our findings offer an explanation for the link between E. coli load in water and D. latus prevalence. The potential factors in this link are the efficiency of the local wastewater treatment plant, the bathymetric profile of the lake and the life cycle of D. latus, which is mainly affected by light and water temperature., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2021
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40. Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) Farm.
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Mugetti D, Varello K, Pastorino P, Tomasoni M, Menconi V, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Abstract
Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum , whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.
- Published
- 2021
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41. First insights into oxidative stress and theoretical environmental risk of Bronopol and Detarox® AP, two biocides claimed to be ecofriendly for a sustainable aquaculture.
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Magara G, Sangsawang A, Pastorino P, Bellezza Oddon S, Caldaroni B, Menconi V, Kovitvadhi U, Gasco L, Meloni D, Dörr AJM, Prearo M, Federici E, and Elia AC
- Subjects
- Animals, Aquaculture, Catalase metabolism, Ecosystem, Glutathione Transferase metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Propylene Glycols, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Disinfectants toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Bronopol and Detarox® AP are broad spectrum antimicrobial biocides of growing interest for the aquaculture sector. While their effectiveness against aquatic pathogens has been demonstrated, toxicity data on wild or farmed species are still lacking, as is information on their potential environmental risk for aquatic ecosystems. With this study, we assessed the acute and sublethal toxicity of Bronopol and Detarox® AP in the freshwater bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana and their theoretical risk for aquatic ecosystem. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC
50 ) was determined using the acute toxicity test, while for the sublethal toxicity test the bivalves were exposed to two concentrations for 14 days of Bronopol (2.5 and 50 mg/L) and Detarox® AP (1.11 and 22.26 mg/L) followed by a 14-day withdrawal period. Biocide-mediated oxidative processes were investigated via a panel of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase). Theoretical environmental risk assessment of both biocides, with predicted concentration of no effect (PNEC), expected theoretical concentration (TEC) in the environment, and risk quotient (RQ) was performed. TEC was calculated using a model based on the size of the aquaculture facility and the receiving basin, the estimated quantity of biocide dissolved in water, and published data on biocide stability in water. Although the LC50 was higher for Bronopol (2440 mg/L) than for Detarox® AP (126 mg/L), fluctuations in oxidative stress biomarkers levels indicated that both biocides exert a slight oxidative pressure on S. woodiana. Theoretical environmental risk assessment suggested a muted risk with Detarox® AP and greater eco-sustainability compared to Bronopol., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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42. Unusual Localization of Pennella Sp. in Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) Hearts.
- Author
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Mugetti D, Colombino E, Menconi V, Garibaldi F, Mignone W, Gustinelli A, Prearo M, Guarda F, and Capucchio MT
- Abstract
The genus Pennella comprises hematophagous parasites of marine aquatic species, including cephalopods, marine mammals, and pelagic fish. Nine species have been officially included in the genus Pennella plus another six species inquirendae . They are most often found in the host's musculature, without penetrating internal organs. For the present study, 83 hearts from swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) caught in the Mediterranean Sea were sampled and immediately fixed in formalin for histopathological analysis. In total, 10 (12.05%) hearts were found to be parasitized by copepods of the genus Pennella . Macroscopically, there was mild-to-severe fibrinous pericarditis with atrial wall thickening and multiple parasitic nodules. Histologically, the parasitic nodules were surrounded by an inflammatory-necrotizing reaction. Parasitic infestation by Pennella spp. is common in pelagic fish and in swordfish, in particular. Here, however, we report atypical cardiac localization. A future area of focus is the evaluation of cardiac Pennella spp. infestation by histopathology and genetic identification of the parasites.
- Published
- 2021
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43. Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members.
- Author
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Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Pastorino P, Esposito G, Menconi V, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Abstract
The Mycobacterium fortuitum group (MFG) consists of about 15 species of fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These globally distributed microorganisms can cause diseases in humans and animals, especially fish. The increase in the number of species belonging to MFG and the diagnostic techniques panel do not allow to clarify their real clinical significance. In this study, biomolecular techniques were adopted for species determination of 130 isolates derived from fish initially identified through biochemical tests as NTM belonging to MFG. Specifically, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used based on a fragment of the gene encoding the 65 KDa heat shock protein ( hsp65 ). The analyzes made it possible to confirm that all the isolates belong to MFG, allowing to identify the strains at species level. Phylogenetic analysis substantially confirmed what was obtained by gene sequencing, except for six strains; this is probably due to the sequences present in NCBI database. Although the methodology used cannot represent a univocal identification system, this study has allowed us to evaluate its effectiveness as regards the species of MFG. Future studies will be necessary to apply these methods with other gene fragments and to clarify the real pathogenic significance of the individual species of this group of microorganisms.
- Published
- 2021
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44. First insights into plastic and microplastic occurrence in biotic and abiotic compartments, and snow from a high-mountain lake (Carnic Alps).
- Author
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Pastorino P, Pizzul E, Bertoli M, Anselmi S, Kušće M, Menconi V, Prearo M, and Renzi M
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Italy, Lakes, Plastics, Snow, Microplastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a pervasive environmental problem on a global scale, from the ocean depths to the aquatic ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau. To date, data on plastic and microplastic occurrence in pristine ecosystems like high-mountain lakes are lacking. In this study, plastic (>5000 μm) and microplastic (10-5000 μm) levels were measured in snow at the end of the winter season (April 2020), and in water, sediment, and biological samples collected monthly (June-October 2019) during the ice-free season from the Dimon Lake, a high-mountain lake in the Carnic Alps, northeast Italy. Biological samples consisted of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae; n = 150) and stomach contents of Cottus gobio (n = 40). Analysis of the water, sediment, and biological samples revealed the absence of plastic and microplastics larger than 10 μm, whereas the snow samples contained microplastics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) albeit at very low levels (0.11 ± 0.19 L
-1 ). These results show that while the lake ecosystem could be considered unpolluted by microplastics, abundant snow precipitation in winter can trap microplastic particles that deposit on the ground. The very low levels of PET microparticles recorded in the snow samples suggest the need for further research to better understand the source of microplastic pollution in this environmental matrix., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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45. The unusual isolation of carnobacteria in eyes of healthy salmonids in high-mountain lakes.
- Author
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Pastorino P, Colussi S, Pizzul E, Varello K, Menconi V, Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Esposito G, Bertoli M, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Acutis PL, and Prearo M
- Subjects
- Animals, Carnobacteriaceae metabolism, Genotype, Lakes, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Carnobacteriaceae genetics, Salmonidae microbiology
- Abstract
Carnobacteria are common bacteria in cold and temperate environments; they are also reported during fish mortality events. In a previous study, carnobacteria were isolated from the eyes of healthy wild salmonids from a high-mountain lake. To better understand these findings, salmonids were captured from three high-mountain lakes (Lower and Upper Balma Lake, Rouen Lake; northwest Italy) during August 2019 and subjected to bacteriological and histological examination. Although all were healthy, 8.7% (Lower Balma Lake), 24% (Upper Balma Lake), and 32.6% (Rouen Lake) were positive for carnobacteria colonization of the eyes. A Trojan-horse effect was hypothesized to explain carnobacteria isolation in the eye. This immune-escaping macrophage-mediated mechanism has been identified in other Gram-positive bacteria. Biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on isolated bacteria (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and C. divergens). Based on previous references for carnobacteria isolated from fish, C. maltaromaticum strains were tested for the pisA precursor gene of the bacteriocin piscicolin 126. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains were found to display genotypic heterogeneity and a low percentage of pisA positive amplification. Features of geomorphology, geographic isolation, and microbiota common to the three lakes are thought to be possibly related to our findings. Moreover, terrestrial insects collected from the lake shoreline and the stomach contents were screened for the presence of carnobacteria. The salmonids in these high-mountain environments feed mainly on terrestrial insects, which are considered possible vectors for carnobacteria that might catabolize the exoskeleton chitin. All insects tested negative for carnobacteria, but as a small number of samples were analyzed, their role as possible vectors of infection cannot be excluded. Further studies are needed to corroborate our research hypothesis.
- Published
- 2021
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46. Bioremediation with freshwater bivalves: A sustainable approach to reducing the environmental impact of inland trout farms.
- Author
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Sicuro B, Castelar B, Mugetti D, Pastorino P, Chiarandon A, Menconi V, Galloni M, and Prearo M
- Subjects
- Animals, Aquaculture, Biodegradation, Environmental, Fresh Water, Bivalvia, Trout
- Abstract
Integrated multi trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is well developed in seawater, while the only suitable organisms for bioremediation in freshwater are bivalves. The aim of this research has been to investigate a novel system, based on freshwater bivalves integrated with rainbow trout, for the bioremediation of inland aquaculture systems. The Unionid species selected for the experiments was Sinanodonta woodiana. Five mesocosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of mussels in filtering the total bacteria and Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as their clearance efficiency on trout farm wastewater. The temperatures, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, and phosphates were monitored and were all within the physiological tolerance range of the species in all the experiments. The feasibility of bioremediation with S. woodiana in trout farming has thus been demonstrated, and among the tested rearing densities (3.75; 7.5; 15; 30 and 60 kg m
-3 ) that of 7.5 kg m-3 was found to be optimal. The net reduction of the total bacterial concentration was as much as 72%, while that of A. hydrophila reached a level of 95-98%. No relevant effects of the mussels on particulate suspended material or sedimented material was observed, regardless of the temperature. The efficiency of freshwater bivalves in reducing the bacterial load, in particular toward A. hydrophila, indicates a bioremediation system with the possibility of interesting applications on inland fish farms, and as a biotechnological tool against the diffusion of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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47. Oxidative stress ecology on Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from lagoon and offshore Italian sites.
- Author
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Elia AC, Burioli E, Magara G, Pastorino P, Caldaroni B, Menconi V, Dörr AJM, Colombero G, Abete MC, and Prearo M
- Subjects
- Animals, Italy, Mediterranean Sea, Oxidative Stress, Vibrio, Crassostrea, Water Pollutants, Chemical
- Abstract
Crassostrea gigas is a sentinel species along the Italian coast. In mussels, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers can be modulated by several environmental pollutants or pathogens and also fluctuate in response to reproductive stages and seasonal changes. In this study, adult Crassostrea gigas were sampled during summer and autumn from two lagoon and two offshore sites along the Adriatic coast of Italy in order to investigate the influence of seasonality on oxidative stress biomarkers. Trace elements load of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn suggests low contamination for lagoon and offshore sites. Levels of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were analyzed in digestive gland and gills of the Pacific oysters in June, July, September and October. OsHV-1 and Vibrio aestuarianus were detected in lagoon sites, but both pathogens did not affect the biomarkers levels in both tissues. Although several biological responses were found different among the four sites in the same month, principal component analysis revealed similar trend in biomarkers levels between sites during the whole sampling period. On the other hand, a different biochemical pattern through the months emerged, suggesting that the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in both tissues may be related to seasonal progress and biological cycle of oysters sampled from the two lagoons and offshore sites along the Italian coasts of the Mediterranean Sea., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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48. Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?
- Author
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Mugetti D, Varello K, Gustinelli A, Pastorino P, Menconi V, Florio D, Fioravanti ML, Bozzetta E, Zoppi S, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Abstract
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii , a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum , has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species ( Dicentrarchus labrax , Sparus aurata , and Sciaenops ocellatus ) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65 , rpoB ). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.
- Published
- 2020
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49. Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): An Update.
- Author
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Menconi V, Pastorino P, Momo I, Mugetti D, Bona MC, Levetti S, Tomasoni M, Pizzul E, Ru G, Dondo A, and Prearo M
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Lakes, Diphyllobothriasis, Diphyllobothrium, Fish Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea; syn. Diphyllobothrium latum ), is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite responsible for diphyllobothriasis in humans. Although D. latus has long been studied, many aspects of its epidemiology and distribution remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, mean intensity of infestation, and mean abundance of plerocercoid larvae of D. latus in European perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) and its spatial distribution in three commercial fishing areas in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy). A total of 598 specimens of P. fluviatilis were caught in 2019. The total prevalence of D. latus was 6.5%. However, there were significant differences between areas (10.2% North; 7.3% Center; 1.5% South) (Chi-square test, p = 0.0018). The mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 larva in southern area to 1.2 larvae in both the central and northern (Pisogne) areas. In addition, the mean abundance ranged from 0.02 in the southern area to 0.26 in the northern area (Pisogne). The total number of larvae (anterior dorsal-AD = 21; anterior ventral-AV = 1; posterior dorsal-PD = 15; posterior ventral-PV = 5) differed significantly between the four anatomical quadrants (Kruskal-Wallis test; p = 0.0001). The prevalence of D. latus plerocercoid larvae in European perch from Lake Iseo has long been investigated, but without an appropriate sampling design. With the present study, a broader analysis in spatial distribution has been added to the existing literature, revealing new information about D. latus distribution and occurrence in Lake Iseo, with new data that will be useful for health authorities and future studies.
- Published
- 2020
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50. First Occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in a Subalpine Lake in Northwest Italy: New Data on Distribution and Host Range.
- Author
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Menconi V, Riina MV, Pastorino P, Mugetti D, Canola S, Pizzul E, Bona MC, Dondo A, Acutis PL, and Prearo M
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Fishes, Host Specificity, Humans, Italy, Lakes, Fish Diseases, Nematoda isolation & purification, Nematoda parasitology
- Abstract
The genus Eustrongylides includes nematodes that infect fish species and fish-eating birds inhabiting freshwater ecosystems. Nematodes belonging to the genus Eustrongylides are potentially pathogenic for humans; infection occurs after the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. In the two-year period 2019-2020, a total of 292 fish belonging to eight species were examined for the occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. from Lake San Michele, a small subalpine lake in northwest Italy. The prevalence of infestation was 18.3% in Lepomis gibbosus , 16.7% in Micropterus salmoides , and 10% in Perca fluviatilis . The other five fish species ( Ameiurus melas , Ictalurus punctatus , Squalius cephalus , Carassius carassius , and Scardinius erythrophthalmus ) were all negative for parasite presence. There were no significant differences in prevalence between the three fish species (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.744). The mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 ( M. salmoides and P. fluviatilis ) to 1.15 ( L. gibbosus) , and the mean abundance ranged from 0.1 ( P. fluviatilis ) to 0.28 ( L. gibbosus ). There were significant differences in the infestation site between the four muscle quadrants (anterior ventral, anterior dorsal, posterior ventral, and posterior dorsal) and the visceral cavity (Kruskal-Wallis test; p = 0.0008). The study findings advance our knowledge about the distribution and host range of this parasite in Italy.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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