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1. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Author

Capone, S, Fusco, F, Milleri, S, Borre, S, Carbonara, S, Lo Caputo, S, Leone, S, Gori, G, Maggi, P, Cascio, A, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Dal Zoppo, S, Cossu, M, Gori, A, Roda, S, Confalonieri, P, Bonora, S, Missale, G, Codeluppi, M, Mezzaroma, I, Capici, S, Pontali, E, Libanore, M, Diani, A, Lanini, S, Battella, S, Contino, A, Piano Mortari, E, Genova, F, Parente, G, Dragonetti, R, Colloca, S, Visani, L, Iannacone, C, Carsetti, R, Folgori, A, Camerini, R, Ziviani, L, Malescio, F, Turrini, I, Lawlor, R, Romano, A, Nunziata, M, Armato, S, Mazzeo, N, Carleo, M, Dell'Isola, C, Pisapia, R, Pontarelli, A, Olivani, A, Grasselli, S, Laccabue, D, Leoni, M, Paolillo, F, Mancini, A, Ruaro, B, Confalonieri, M, Salton, F, Mancarella, G, Marocco, R, De Masi, M, Belvisi, V, Lamonica, S, Cingolani, A, Seguiti, C, Brambilla, P, Ferraresi, A, Lupi, M, Ludovisi, S, Renisi, G, Massafra, R, Pellicciotta, M, Armiento, L, Vimercati, S, Piacenza, M, Bonfanti, P, Columpsi, P, Cazzaniga, M, Rovelli, C, Ceresini, M, Previtali, L, Trentini, L, Alcantarini, C, Rugge, W, Biffi, S, Poletti, F, Rostagno, R, Moglia, R, De Negri, F, Fini, E, Cangialosi, A, Bruno, S, Rizzo, M, Niglio, M, Stritto, A, Matano, A, Petruzziello, A, Valsecchi, P, Pieri, T, Altamura, M, Calamo, A, Giannelli, A, Menolascina, S, Di Bari, S, Mauro, V, Aronica, R, Segala, D, Cultrera, R, Sighinolfi, L, Abbott, M, Gizzi, A, Marascia, F, Valenti, G, Feasi, M, Bobbio, N, Del Puente, F, Nicosia, A, Frasca, M, Mazzoleni, M, Garofalo, N, Ammendola, V, Grazioli, F, Napolitano, F, Vitelli, A, Marcellini, V, Capone S., Fusco F. M., Milleri S., Borre S., Carbonara S., Lo Caputo S., Leone S., Gori G., Maggi P., Cascio A., Lichtner M., Cauda R., Dal Zoppo S., Cossu M. V., Gori A., Roda S., Confalonieri P., Bonora S., Missale G., Codeluppi M., Mezzaroma I., Capici S., Pontali E., Libanore M., Diani A., Lanini S., Battella S., Contino A. M., Piano Mortari E., Genova F., Parente G., Dragonetti R., Colloca S., Visani L., Iannacone C., Carsetti R., Folgori A., Camerini R., Ziviani L., Malescio F., Turrini I., Lawlor R., Romano A., Nunziata M., Armato S., Mazzeo N., Carleo M. A., Dell'Isola C., Pisapia R., Pontarelli A., Olivani A., Grasselli S., Laccabue D., Leoni M. C., Paolillo F., Mancini A., Ruaro B., Confalonieri M., Salton F., Mancarella G., Marocco R., De Masi M., Belvisi V., Lamonica S., Cingolani A., Seguiti C., Brambilla P., Ferraresi A., Lupi M., Ludovisi S., Renisi G., Massafra R., Pellicciotta M., Armiento L., Vimercati S., Piacenza M., Bonfanti P., Columpsi P., Cazzaniga M. E., Rovelli C., Ceresini M., Previtali L., Trentini L., Alcantarini C., Rugge W., Biffi S., Poletti F., Rostagno R., Moglia R., De Negri F., Fini E., Cangialosi A., Bruno S. R., Rizzo M., Niglio M., Stritto A. D., Matano A., Petruzziello A., Valsecchi P., Pieri T., Altamura M., Calamo A., Giannelli A., Menolascina S., Di Bari S., Mauro V., Aronica R., Segala D., Cultrera R., Sighinolfi L., Abbott M., Gizzi A., Marascia F. G., Valenti G., Feasi M., Bobbio N., Del Puente F., Nicosia A., Frasca M., Mazzoleni M., Garofalo N., Ammendola V., Grazioli F., Napolitano F., Vitelli A., Marcellini V., Capone, S, Fusco, F, Milleri, S, Borre, S, Carbonara, S, Lo Caputo, S, Leone, S, Gori, G, Maggi, P, Cascio, A, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Dal Zoppo, S, Cossu, M, Gori, A, Roda, S, Confalonieri, P, Bonora, S, Missale, G, Codeluppi, M, Mezzaroma, I, Capici, S, Pontali, E, Libanore, M, Diani, A, Lanini, S, Battella, S, Contino, A, Piano Mortari, E, Genova, F, Parente, G, Dragonetti, R, Colloca, S, Visani, L, Iannacone, C, Carsetti, R, Folgori, A, Camerini, R, Ziviani, L, Malescio, F, Turrini, I, Lawlor, R, Romano, A, Nunziata, M, Armato, S, Mazzeo, N, Carleo, M, Dell'Isola, C, Pisapia, R, Pontarelli, A, Olivani, A, Grasselli, S, Laccabue, D, Leoni, M, Paolillo, F, Mancini, A, Ruaro, B, Confalonieri, M, Salton, F, Mancarella, G, Marocco, R, De Masi, M, Belvisi, V, Lamonica, S, Cingolani, A, Seguiti, C, Brambilla, P, Ferraresi, A, Lupi, M, Ludovisi, S, Renisi, G, Massafra, R, Pellicciotta, M, Armiento, L, Vimercati, S, Piacenza, M, Bonfanti, P, Columpsi, P, Cazzaniga, M, Rovelli, C, Ceresini, M, Previtali, L, Trentini, L, Alcantarini, C, Rugge, W, Biffi, S, Poletti, F, Rostagno, R, Moglia, R, De Negri, F, Fini, E, Cangialosi, A, Bruno, S, Rizzo, M, Niglio, M, Stritto, A, Matano, A, Petruzziello, A, Valsecchi, P, Pieri, T, Altamura, M, Calamo, A, Giannelli, A, Menolascina, S, Di Bari, S, Mauro, V, Aronica, R, Segala, D, Cultrera, R, Sighinolfi, L, Abbott, M, Gizzi, A, Marascia, F, Valenti, G, Feasi, M, Bobbio, N, Del Puente, F, Nicosia, A, Frasca, M, Mazzoleni, M, Garofalo, N, Ammendola, V, Grazioli, F, Napolitano, F, Vitelli, A, Marcellini, V, Capone S., Fusco F. M., Milleri S., Borre S., Carbonara S., Lo Caputo S., Leone S., Gori G., Maggi P., Cascio A., Lichtner M., Cauda R., Dal Zoppo S., Cossu M. V., Gori A., Roda S., Confalonieri P., Bonora S., Missale G., Codeluppi M., Mezzaroma I., Capici S., Pontali E., Libanore M., Diani A., Lanini S., Battella S., Contino A. M., Piano Mortari E., Genova F., Parente G., Dragonetti R., Colloca S., Visani L., Iannacone C., Carsetti R., Folgori A., Camerini R., Ziviani L., Malescio F., Turrini I., Lawlor R., Romano A., Nunziata M., Armato S., Mazzeo N., Carleo M. A., Dell'Isola C., Pisapia R., Pontarelli A., Olivani A., Grasselli S., Laccabue D., Leoni M. C., Paolillo F., Mancini A., Ruaro B., Confalonieri M., Salton F., Mancarella G., Marocco R., De Masi M., Belvisi V., Lamonica S., Cingolani A., Seguiti C., Brambilla P., Ferraresi A., Lupi M., Ludovisi S., Renisi G., Massafra R., Pellicciotta M., Armiento L., Vimercati S., Piacenza M., Bonfanti P., Columpsi P., Cazzaniga M. E., Rovelli C., Ceresini M., Previtali L., Trentini L., Alcantarini C., Rugge W., Biffi S., Poletti F., Rostagno R., Moglia R., De Negri F., Fini E., Cangialosi A., Bruno S. R., Rizzo M., Niglio M., Stritto A. D., Matano A., Petruzziello A., Valsecchi P., Pieri T., Altamura M., Calamo A., Giannelli A., Menolascina S., Di Bari S., Mauro V., Aronica R., Segala D., Cultrera R., Sighinolfi L., Abbott M., Gizzi A., Marascia F. G., Valenti G., Feasi M., Bobbio N., Del Puente F., Nicosia A., Frasca M., Mazzoleni M., Garofalo N., Ammendola V., Grazioli F., Napolitano F., Vitelli A., and Marcellini V.

Abstract

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and heterologous immunization approaches implemented worldwide for booster doses call for diversified vaccine portfolios. GRAd-COV2 is a gorilla adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate encoding prefusion-stabilized spike. The safety and immunogenicity of GRAd-COV2 is evaluated in a dose- and regimen-finding phase 2 trial (COVITAR study, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04791423) whereby 917 eligible participants are randomized to receive a single intramuscular GRAd-COV2 administration followed by placebo, or two vaccine injections, or two doses of placebo, spaced over 3 weeks. Here, we report that GRAd-COV2 is well tolerated and induces robust immune responses after a single immunization; a second administration increases binding and neutralizing antibody titers. Potent, variant of concern (VOC) cross-reactive spike-specific T cell response peaks after the first dose and is characterized by high frequencies of CD8s. T cells maintain immediate effector functions and high proliferative potential over time. Thus, GRAd vector is a valuable platform for genetic vaccine development, especially when robust CD8 response is needed.

Published
2023

2. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Author

Capone S., Fusco F. M., Milleri S., Borre S., Carbonara S., Lo Caputo S., Leone S., Gori G., Maggi P., Cascio A., Lichtner M., Cauda R., Dal Zoppo S., Cossu M. V., Gori A., Roda S., Confalonieri P., Bonora S., Missale G., Codeluppi M., Mezzaroma I., Capici S., Pontali E., Libanore M., Diani A., Lanini S., Battella S., Contino A. M., Piano Mortari E., Genova F., Parente G., Dragonetti R., Colloca S., Visani L., Iannacone C., Carsetti R., Folgori A., Camerini R., Ziviani L., Malescio F., Turrini I., Lawlor R., Romano A., Nunziata M., Armato S., Mazzeo N., Carleo M. A., Dell'Isola C., Pisapia R., Pontarelli A., Olivani A., Grasselli S., Laccabue D., Leoni M. C., Paolillo F., Mancini A., Ruaro B., Confalonieri M., Salton F., Mancarella G., Marocco R., De Masi M., Belvisi V., Lamonica S., Cingolani A., Seguiti C., Brambilla P., Ferraresi A., Lupi M., Ludovisi S., Renisi G., Massafra R., Pellicciotta M., Armiento L., Vimercati S., Piacenza M., Bonfanti P., Columpsi P., Cazzaniga M. E., Rovelli C., Ceresini M., Previtali L., Trentini L., Alcantarini C., Rugge W., Biffi S., Poletti F., Rostagno R., Moglia R., De Negri F., Fini E., Cangialosi A., Bruno S. R., Rizzo M., Niglio M., Stritto A. D., Matano A., Petruzziello A., Valsecchi P., Pieri T., Altamura M., Calamo A., Giannelli A., Menolascina S., Di Bari S., Mauro V., Aronica R., Segala D., Cultrera R., Sighinolfi L., Abbott M., Gizzi A., Marascia F. G., Valenti G., Feasi M., Bobbio N., Del Puente F., Nicosia A., Frasca M., Mazzoleni M., Garofalo N., Ammendola V., Grazioli F., Napolitano F., Vitelli A., Marcellini V., Capone, Stefania, Fusco, Francesco M, Milleri, Stefano, Borrè, Silvio, Carbonara, Sergio, Lo Caputo, Sergio, Leone, Sebastiano, Gori, Giovanni, Maggi, Paolo, Cascio, Antonio, Lichtner, Miriam, Cauda, Roberto, Dal Zoppo, Sarah, Cossu, Maria V, Gori, Andrea, Roda, Silvia, Confalonieri, Paola, Bonora, Stefano, Missale, Gabriele, Codeluppi, Mauro, Mezzaroma, Ivano, Capici, Serena, Pontali, Emanuele, Libanore, Marco, Diani, Augusta, Lanini, Simone, Battella, Simone, Contino, Alessandra M, Piano Mortari, Eva, Genova, Francesco, Parente, Gessica, Dragonetti, Rosella, Colloca, Stefano, Visani, Luigi, Iannacone, Claudio, Carsetti, Rita, Folgori, Antonella, Camerini, Roberto, Capone, S, Fusco, F, Milleri, S, Borre, S, Carbonara, S, Lo Caputo, S, Leone, S, Gori, G, Maggi, P, Cascio, A, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Dal Zoppo, S, Cossu, M, Gori, A, Roda, S, Confalonieri, P, Bonora, S, Missale, G, Codeluppi, M, Mezzaroma, I, Capici, S, Pontali, E, Libanore, M, Diani, A, Lanini, S, Battella, S, Contino, A, Piano Mortari, E, Genova, F, Parente, G, Dragonetti, R, Colloca, S, Visani, L, Iannacone, C, Carsetti, R, Folgori, A, Camerini, R, Ziviani, L, Malescio, F, Turrini, I, Lawlor, R, Romano, A, Nunziata, M, Armato, S, Mazzeo, N, Carleo, M, Dell'Isola, C, Pisapia, R, Pontarelli, A, Olivani, A, Grasselli, S, Laccabue, D, Leoni, M, Paolillo, F, Mancini, A, Ruaro, B, Confalonieri, M, Salton, F, Mancarella, G, Marocco, R, De Masi, M, Belvisi, V, Lamonica, S, Cingolani, A, Seguiti, C, Brambilla, P, Ferraresi, A, Lupi, M, Ludovisi, S, Renisi, G, Massafra, R, Pellicciotta, M, Armiento, L, Vimercati, S, Piacenza, M, Bonfanti, P, Columpsi, P, Cazzaniga, M, Rovelli, C, Ceresini, M, Previtali, L, Trentini, L, Alcantarini, C, Rugge, W, Biffi, S, Poletti, F, Rostagno, R, Moglia, R, De Negri, F, Fini, E, Cangialosi, A, Bruno, S, Rizzo, M, Niglio, M, Stritto, A, Matano, A, Petruzziello, A, Valsecchi, P, Pieri, T, Altamura, M, Calamo, A, Giannelli, A, Menolascina, S, Di Bari, S, Mauro, V, Aronica, R, Segala, D, Cultrera, R, Sighinolfi, L, Abbott, M, Gizzi, A, Marascia, F, Valenti, G, Feasi, M, Bobbio, N, Del Puente, F, Nicosia, A, Frasca, M, Mazzoleni, M, Garofalo, N, Ammendola, V, Grazioli, F, Napolitano, F, Vitelli, A, and Marcellini, V

Subjects
immunological memory, phase 2 clinical trial, safety, Sars-CoV-2 vaccine, COVID-19, CD8, T cell response, simian adenoviral vector, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, CD4, neutralizing antibodie
Abstract

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and heterologous immunization approaches implemented worldwide for booster doses call for diversified vaccine portfolios. GRAd-COV2 is a gorilla adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate encoding prefusion-stabilized spike. The safety and immunogenicity of GRAd-COV2 is evaluated in a dose- and regimen-finding phase 2 trial (COVITAR study, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04791423) whereby 917 eligible participants are randomized to receive a single intramuscular GRAd-COV2 administration followed by placebo, or two vaccine injections, or two doses of placebo, spaced over 3weeks. Here, we report that GRAd-COV2 is well tolerated and induces robust immune responses after a single immunization; a second administration increases binding and neutralizing antibody titers. Potent, variant of concern (VOC) cross-reactive spike-specific Tcell response peaks after the first dose and is characterized by high frequencies of CD8s. Tcells maintain immediate effector functions and high proliferative potential over time. Thus, GRAd vector is a valuable platform for genetic vaccine development, especially when robust CD8 response is needed.

Published
2023

3. Influence of farming intensity and climate on lowland stream nitrogen

Author

Goyenola, G., Graeber, Daniel, Meerhoff, M., Jeppesen, E., Teixeira-de Mello, F., Vidal, N., Fosalba, C., Ovesen, N.B., Gelbrecht, J., Mazzeo, N., Kronvang, B., Goyenola, G., Graeber, Daniel, Meerhoff, M., Jeppesen, E., Teixeira-de Mello, F., Vidal, N., Fosalba, C., Ovesen, N.B., Gelbrecht, J., Mazzeo, N., and Kronvang, B.

Abstract

Nitrogen lost from agriculture has altered the geochemistry of the biosphere, with pronounced impacts on aquatic ecosystems. We aim to elucidate the patterns and driving factors behind the N fluxes in lowland stream ecosystems differing about land-use and climatic-hydrological conditions. The climate-hydrology areas represented humid cold temperate/stable discharge conditions, and humid subtropical climate/flashy conditions. Three complementary monitoring sampling characteristics were selected, including a total of 43 streams under contrasting farming intensities. Farming intensity determined total dissolved N (TDN), nitrate concentrations, and total N concentration and loss to streams, despite differences in soil and climatic-hydrological conditions between and within regions. However, ammonium (NH4+) and dissolved organic N concentrations did not show significant responses to the farming intensity or climatic/hydrological conditions. A high dissolved inorganic N to TDN ratio was associated with the temperate climate and high base flow conditions, but not with farming intensity. In the absence of a significant increase in farming N use efficiency (or the introduction of other palliative measures), the expected farming intensification would result in a stronger increase in NO3−, TDN, and TN concentrations as well as in rising flow-weighted concentrations and loss in temperate and subtropical streams, which will further exacerbate eutrophication.

Published
2020

4. Functional redundancy increases towards the tropics in lake phytoplankton

Author

Kruk, C., Segura, A.M., Costa, L.S., Lacerot, G., Kosten, S., Peeters, E., Huszar, V.L.M., Mazzeo, N., Scheffer, M, Kruk, C., Segura, A.M., Costa, L.S., Lacerot, G., Kosten, S., Peeters, E., Huszar, V.L.M., Mazzeo, N., and Scheffer, M

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2017

5. Preserving Uruguay’s freshwater systems: the need to restrict invasive species introductions for sustainable production

Author

Laufer Gabriel and Mazzeo Néstor

Subjects
biological invasion, aquaculture, introduction path, environmental policy, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH1-691
Abstract

This manuscript critically examines the history of non-native aquatic species introductions in Uruguay, emphasizing the role of public institutions. Despite global concerns about biodiversity threats from these introductions, Uruguay’s reliance on animal production and aquaculture involving non-native species has grown since the 1980s. State institutions, despite past failures, have promoted these introductions without comprehensive risk assessments. Notable cases, including failed attempts with species like the herbivorous carp, American bullfrog, Nile tilapia, Australian redclaw crayfish, and American mink, raise concerns about invasive populations due to a lack of proper risk assessments and prevention measures. Previous examples were deficient in escape monitoring, oversight of specimens after farm closures, and considerations for the presence of new pathogens. This highlights the need for more informed and responsible approaches to prevent invasive species’ establishment, advocating for rigorous analysis and risk assessments before any introduction. We propose overcoming historically fragmented decision-making processes by establishing a bridging structure that coordinates inter- and intra-institutional efforts, engages with the academic sector and social organizations, and evaluates the introductions. This platform can prioritize protecting aquatic ecosystems, fostering sustainable growth, and maintaining ecological balance, contributing to the solution of the problem by facilitating coordinated efforts and engaging diverse stakeholders.

Published
2024
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6. Fish composition and species richness in eastern South American coastal lagoons: additional support for the freshwater ecoregions of the world

Author

Petry, A. C., primary, Guimarães, T. F. R., additional, Vasconcellos, F. M., additional, Hartz, S. M., additional, Becker, F. G., additional, Rosa, R. S., additional, Goyenola, G., additional, Caramaschi, E. P., additional, Díaz de Astarloa, J. M., additional, Sarmento-Soares, L. M., additional, Vieira, J. P., additional, Garcia, A. M., additional, Teixeira de Mello, F., additional, de Melo, F. A. G., additional, Meerhoff, M., additional, Attayde, J. L., additional, Menezes, R. F., additional, Mazzeo, N., additional, and Di Dario, F., additional

Published
2016
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7. Dual thinking for scientists

Author

Scheffer, M., Bascompte, J., Bjordam, T.K., Carpenter, S.R., Clarke, L., Folke, C., Marquet, P.A., Mazzeo, N., Meerhoff, M., Sala, O., Westley, F.R., Scheffer, M., Bascompte, J., Bjordam, T.K., Carpenter, S.R., Clarke, L., Folke, C., Marquet, P.A., Mazzeo, N., Meerhoff, M., Sala, O., and Westley, F.R.

Abstract

Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the idea that creative thinking draws upon two kinds of processes linked to distinct physiological features, and stimulated under different conditions. In short, the fast system-I produces intuition whereas the slow and deliberate system-II produces reasoning. System-I can help see novel solutions and associations instantaneously, but is prone to error. System-II has other biases, but can help checking and modifying the system-I results. Although thinking is the core business of science, the accepted ways of doing our work focus almost entirely on facilitating system-II. We discuss the role of system-I thinking in past scientific breakthroughs, and argue that scientific progress may be catalyzed by creating conditions for such associative intuitive thinking in our academic lives and in education. Unstructured socializing time, education for daring exploration, and cooperation with the arts are among the potential elements. Because such activities may be looked upon as procrastination rather than work, deliberate effort is needed to counteract our systematic bias. © 2015 by the author(s).

Published
2015

10. Phosphorus dynamics in lowland streams as a response to climatic, hydrological and agricultural land use gradients.

Author

Goyenola, G., Meerhoff, M., Teixeira de Mello, F., González-Bergonzoni, I., Graeber, D., Fosalba, C., Vidal, N., Mazzeo, N., Ovesen, N. B., Jeppesen, E., and Kronvang, B.

Abstract

Climate and hydrology are relevant control factors for determining the timing and amount of nutrient losses from agricultural fields to freshwaters. In this study, we evaluated the effect of agricultural intensification on the concentrations, dynamics and export of phosphorus (P) in streams in two contrasting climate and hydrological regimes (temperate Denmark and subtropical Uruguay). We applied two alternative nutrient sampling programmes (high frequency composite sampling and low frequency instantaneous-grab sampling) and three alternative methods to estimate exported P from the catchments. A source apportionment model was applied to evaluate the contribution derived from point and diffuse sources in all four catchments studied. Climatic and hydrological characteristics of catchments expressed as flow responsiveness (flashiness), exerted control on catchment and stream TP dynamics, having consequences that were more significant than the outcome of different TP monitoring and export estimation strategies. The impact of intensification of agriculture differed between the two contrasting climate zones. Intensification had a significant impact on subtropical climate with much higher total (as high as 4436 µg -1), particulate, dissolved and reactive soluble P concentrations and higher P export (as high as 5.20 kgP ha-1 year-1). However, we did not find an increased contribution of particulate P to total P as consequence of higher stream flashiness and intensification of agriculture. The high P concentrations at low flow and predominance of dissolved P in subtropical streams actually exacerbate the environmental and sanitary risks associated with eutrophication. In the other hand, temperate intensively farmed stream had lower TP than extensively farmed stream. Our results suggest that the lack of environmental regulations of agricultural production has more severe consequences on water quality, than climatic and hydrological differences between the analysed catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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11. Long-term dynamics of a floodplain shallow lake in the Pantanal wetland: Is it all about climate?

Author

Silio-Calzada A, Barquín J, Huszar VLM, Mazzeo N, Méndez F, and Álvarez-Martínez JM

Abstract

Hydrological variability over seasonal and multi-annual timescales strongly shapes the ecological structure and functioning of floodplain ecosystems. The current IPCC climate scenario foresees an increase in the frequency of extreme events. This, in conjunction with other anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., river regulation or land-use changes) poses a serious threat to the natural functioning of these ecosystems. In this study we aimed to i) evaluate the long-term variability of the flooded area of the third largest floodplain lake in the Brazilian Pantanal using remote sensing techniques, and ii) analyze the possible factors influencing this variability. Changes in open-water and riparian floodplain-wetland vegetation areas were mapped by applying an ad hoc-developed remote-sensing method (including a newly developed normalized water index, NWI) to 221 Landsat-Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images, acquired between 1984 and 2011. Added to the lake's natural swing between riparian floodplain-wetland vegetation expansion and retraction, our analyses revealed large interannual changes, grouped into three main periods within the studied time interval. Moreover, our results indicate that this floodplain-lake system is losing open-water area, paired with an increase in riparian floodplain-wetland vegetation. The system's long-term dynamics are not all climate related, but are the result of a combination of drivers. The start of the Manso dam's operation upstream of the studied system, and the subsequent river regulation because of the dam operation, coupled with climatic oscillation appear to be responsible for the observed changes. However, other factors which were not considered in this study might also be important in this process and contributing to the reduction of the system's resilience to droughts (e.g., land-use changes). This study illustrates the serious conservation risks that the Pantanal faces in the near future, given the current climate-change scenario and the accumulation of dam building projects in this region., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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