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This paper aims to elaborate triviality and seriousness portrayed in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest (1898). The play was considered Wilde’s masterpiece, and it highlights the life in the Victorian era. The play portrays the marriage life also the importance of wealth, land, and beauty. This paper employs textual and historical approaches. The findings revealed that the play exemplifies triviality by treating serious things like trivial objects and vice versa. Marriage was seen as insignificant by the male characters in the play. Lane saw it as the reason for the champagne downgrading and a bargaining part for Algernon and Jack to have their goals. Meanwhile, unimportant thing like the name was treated as if it was life matter. Cecily and Gwendolen saw a particular name as the main requirement for choosing a husband. This paper concludes that Oscar Wilde made use of such a technique on purpose to make fun of the Victorian way of life. more...

ABSTRACTThis study endeavors to show analogous ideas in Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and Sherko Bekas’s “A Fall Letter.” Bekas, who was a good reader of English poetry, was greatly influenced by Eliot. He familiarized himself with English literature and follows it truly. For the idea for his poem, “A Fall of Letter” Bekas benefits from Eliot’s “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock” and uses it in composing his poem. Eliot’s modern style has been revealed in his works as presenting complicated ideas through a simple language to reassure the modernity in “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” as well as the modernity in “A Fall Letter.” A sad and gloomy tone is seen in both poems – Eliot may be speaking to his soul or with a partner, but Bekas expresses the poem through apostrophe. The study culminates with an analytic comparison between the two poems: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and “A Fall Letter” in terms of their themes. more...

Apparently the best and yet the most famous work by Ayad Akhtar is American Dervish which was published in 2012. It has gained quick attention, but not by many, as a debut novel about the identity issue. Yet, no studies have been devoted to studying the novel from an analytical point of view of Pakistani-American migrants’ issues in America, in general. However, the novel has received some attention, there remain some aspects, in our view, and an essential aspect amongst them is the analytical study of the novel, which is not explored yet. In general migrants to new countries will usually face difficulty and especially if they are followers of a different religion. Also, the difference in their culture with culture of the country they migrate to will be an obstacle in integrating themselves into the new culture as seen in the character of Hayat Shah’s father; whereas to some extent different for Hayat himself. Hayat befriends a Jewish girl and neglects Islam and similarly his father becomes friend with a Jewish teacher, Nathan. It is not easy for the migrant people to integrate into the American culture and tolerate the other religious beliefs such as Judaism as it is quite a novel experience for them. The migrants obligingly ignore their surrender to their own Islamic religion and assimilate into the Judaism and American culture, which is very difficult. These are the two key aspects that the paper focuses on by analyzing and highlighting the challenges that Hayat Shah and his family members face in America. Akhtar demonstrates the difficulty for the migrant characters between either choosing Islam or Judaism or secularism to be able to live like Americans. more...

This research is a comparative study entitled Love of Nature and Women in John Masefield’s “Beauty” and Goran’s “Women and Beauty.” Textual and analytical approaches are used to analyze the poems to highlight the differences and similarities between the two poems. The analysis compares and contrasts both poems by each topic of discussion, including the theme and the rhyme pattern. This paper finds that although both Masefield and Goran come from different cultures and periods, the earlier from the romantic era while the latter is a modern poet, their poems agree in expressing the beauty of nature. However, the poems then state that the beauty of nature is nothing compared to the beauty of their beloved ones. The analysis also explores the different portrayals of nature that the poets depict and the rhyme pattern they prefer. This study then shows that the same issue can always come from works from a very different time and culture. more...

The love relationship between couples can be influenced by several factors influencing it to become a strong one in one’s life or vice versa. Finding a real love is always considered to be the key point in the meeting of opposite sexes. In order not to face psychological problems in the future, everyone’s concern is to seek for the right person. This is true to some degree for many human beings.Real love can make one feel happy and pleased but it can sometimes make one upset and hopeless. Also, superficial love can be the same because it can be the cause of pleasure for the lover who only seeks a temporary relationshipi.e., superficial love but similarly it can be the source of sadness for the partner whose intention in such a relationship is a real love. This strenuous power manifests itself in the behavior and sometimes in the appearance of the human beings. When one of the lovers stops his/her love relationship with his/her lover by starting a new relationship with another person, due to their beauty, this will be called superficial love. Such relations may culminate in deceiving and telling lies. This research will considertextual and psychological approaches in the analysis of the selected poems of Forough Farrokhzad to demonstrate real love and superficial love that may cause psychological and social impacts. more...

This paper reconsiders William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Allegorical writings can illustrate ethical, social or psychological and moral issues using the manipulation of images that have stipulated meanings other than their meanings as imitations of the actual world. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, and comprehensible for the reader, conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures. Lord of the Flies had been written in relation to historical circumstances of the twentieth-century and to the personal experience of William Golding. Also, it has provided a critical analysis of the novel that treated the prominent perspective and elements in it. The novel is a parallel of life in the late twentieth century, while it looks like society a stage of enhancement in technology whereas, human morality is not completely mature yet. “Lord of the Flies is an allegorical microcosm of the world. The destruction of World War II because of the dictators who initiated this war has a profound impact on William Golding himself”. In the beginning, the paper gives an introduction to Golding’s point of view on humanity with the title of how to draw attention to me through allegory and fable, two forms of imaginative literature that encouraged the reader and listener to look for hidden meanings. Then it deals with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies from the cultural approaches of that time, who is one of the most prominent literary men of postmodernism that was famous for utilizing symbolism within the novel; “he used different kinds of symbols, characters, objects, animals, colors and setting to convey his message about his main theme”, in the last section we analyzed the postmodern features in Lord of the Flies and how they are used to depict Golding’s view. The way Golding uses allegory strengthens the symbolism of his novel. Finally, it tackles the educational value through his experiences in teaching along with critical analysis of Golding’s technique. more...

It occurs very often to observe the exploitation of common people by the politicians owing to leader’s bad use of absolute power and the silence of the people. It appears that knowledge and education will lead to absolute power which culminates in suffering and oppression of simple and naïve people in the Soviet Union. The language used in Animal Farm was not known by the majority and this leads to threat through different principles and laws. This enabled the leaders to exploit the others for their greedy desires and to do abnormal actions. As a result of the use of a vague language and the implementation of fear tactics then creating laws to help them to manipulate others, they could convince them and then they invented lies at the interest of leaders. Yet the others due to their simplicities were easily convinced, while power could be used to serve the entire population of the Soviet Union. The study uses historical approach for the analysis of the research. more...

Edgar Allan Poe's life was plagued by melancholy and disaster, which is evident in all of his writings. Among the many other poets of his generation, his solitude and individuality set him apart from the rest. He gave the Gothic genre a completely new meaning, making it both dark and significant at the same time. First, as an overview is given, of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe, and the tragedies that influenced his poetry. This study employs a comprehensive methodology focusing on the close reading of three of Poe's well-known poems: "The Raven," "A Dream within a Dream," and "Alone." By analyzing how sadness and sorrow are portrayed in these poems, the paper investigates the extent to which these emotions impacted Poe's writing. The analytical approach involves delving into the thematic and stylistic nuances of the selected poems, shedding light on the intricate ways in which Poe articulates his emotions. The purpose of this study is to tackle the sense of gloominess and sadness by employing textual and analytical approaches. The significance of the feelings of loss and sorrow in Poe's writings is addressed, drawing connections to Poe's life story. The findings demonstrate that Poe's writings occasionally converge with personal catastrophes, tragedies from his own life, and stories about death sadness, and grief come together on multiple occasions over the course of his demanding career. Concluding that sadness, sorrow, and everything that comes with it were indeed lurking in every one ofhis statements, this paper contributes to the existing literature by portraying the semi-autobiographical image of the author within the realm of his poetry. The textual and analytical approaches used in this study provide a nuanced understanding of how personal experiences influenced Poe's poetic expression, enriching our comprehension of the intricate relationship between his life and art. more...

This research is about Kate’s role in play She Stoops to Conquer, which was written by Oliver Goldsmith in 1773 in England. It is a comedy play which consists of some ethical themes. In this play, women’s role and rights are focused on, in the eighteenth century in a patriarchal society and also it talks about the relation between women and their reflection in English Literature. The purpose of this research is to analyze Kate's role, whether she has a good role or not and how does she play her part. Kate generally has a good role in this play, considering all the abnormalities, eventually she could resolve, helping others, and achieves her own ambitions. Thenthe role women played in the eighteenth century will be explored. An Analytical Approach has been used to analyse the play. more...

In recent years, studying connections between the human being and environment along with nature has been looked at as a topic of significant value for literary researchers. Thus, the emergence of eco-critical approach in the countries, which use English as their first language, holds the first position in this respect. This harmony of the two has been discussed for a while in world literature. This research studies literature review and pinpoints the positive view been presented by looking at eco-criticism. The methods used are textual analysis approach and eco-critical approach. The major points of this study are to investigate the main theme and shed light on it and the way William Wordsworth used his writings to protect the environment from destructions and the writer used eco-criticism or ecology in his works in his time. The environment and ecology in William Wordsworth’s poems are the two things which have been dealt with because poems can serve human beings and make them aware of protecting the environment from pollution. This research consists of several essential points about the literature and nature as well as ecology. Besides, the paper presents an introduction about Englandin the nineteenth century, romanticism, and characteristics of romanticism as these are interrelated with eco-criticism. more...