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Objective: To determine the effect of combined supplementation of Pioglitazone and Acacia Honey on blood glucose levels in Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Study Design: Laboratory-based animal study. Place and Duration of study: Al-Nafees Medical College, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jun 2017. Methodology: The study was conducted on 150 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into five groups with 30 rats. Group-I was the control Group. Groups II-V were given Streptozotocin 65 mg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally to make them diabetic. Group II was diabetic control. Group-III was given acacia honey for three weeks. Group-IV received an intraperitoneal injection of Pioglitazone (oral hypoglycemic) 15 mg/kg body weight per day plus Acacia honey, and Group-V was given Pioglitazone intraperitoneally for the same dose and duration. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured after three weeks of supplementation. Results: After three weeks of supplementation, the blood glucose levels were significantly (p-value

Objective: To find out the frequency of different learning styles of MBBS students of the Conventional and Modular System. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan from June 01, 2013 to December 01, 2013. A sample of 293 MBBS students was randomly selected from both conventional and modular systems. Both male and female students were administered a questionnaire, based on Kolb’s learning style inventory to collect the initial answers and ranking of each participant. Calculations were done to reach the conclusion (learning style of each student). Data was analyzed by using SPSS 17. Results: Out of 293 students, 159 (55%) belonged to the conventional system and 134 (45%) were from the modular system. In the conventional system majority of the students were convergers (37%), while remaining students were accommodators (26%), assimilators (21%), divergers (16%). Most of the students in the modular system were accommodators (16%) and remaining were divergers (11%), assimilators (11%) and convergers (7%). Conclusion:The conventional system had more convergers who rely more on the abstract thinking or ideas whereas the modular system had more accommodators who believe in hands on practical learning. Key words: Learning style, Accommodator, Diverger, Assimilator, Converger

Background: To study the relationship of age and sleep habits with total testosterone levels in younger age group. Methods: This randomized cross sectional study was conducted on 66 male medical students. Anthropometric characteristics were measured and a standardized questionnaire proforma was completed regarding sleep habits. Serum total testosterone level was analyzed by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay technique. Data was analyzed using student‘t’ test and Pearson bivariate correlation. Results: Total testosterone was positively associated with age (r=0.102, p=0.018) and total sleep duration (r=0.753, p=0.000). Total sleep duration showed a positive association with age (r=0.270, p=0.000).Academic performance showed a positive relation with sleep duration (r=0.623, p=0.000) and sleeping time (r=0.188, p=0.000). Conclusion: Low concentration of total testosterone was associated with less healthy sleep. Total sleep duration and timing of sleep were related with academic performance.