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Neben den Gütermärkten für gedruckte Bücher, E-Books oder auch für Online-Zugangsrechte zu Texten und Informationen gehören zum Literaturmarkt u.a. der Markt für Nutzungsrechte an literarischen Werken. Im weiteren Sinn gehören zum Buchmarkt auch Märkte für Verlagsdienstleistungen, Herstellung und Vertrieb bzw. Bereitstellung von Büchern bzw. Texten. Während auf diesen Märkten in der Regel Geld den Besitzer wechselt, spielt für den literarischen Markt im weiteren Sinn auch die Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit eine zentrale Rolle und beeinflusst den Marktwert der Güter, die auf Literaturmärkten gehandelt werden, erheblich. Auf den verschiedenen Marktstufen ergeben sich jeweils Notwendigkeiten für eine rechtliche Regulierung, die ggf. für den Markteintritt und die Wettbewerbschancen verschiedener Anbieter sowie für die Produktion und die Zugänglichkeit von Literatur relevant wird., This article discusses literary markets and related subjects from the different perspectives of book studies, literary studies, economics and competititon law. Literary markets, broadly construed, comprise the book trade, markets for copyrights in works of literature and for online access rights, but also the competition among authors and publishers in the 'attention economy' which considerably affects the market value of the goods traded in literary markets. Legal market regulations and business agreements contribute decisively to enabling the production, distribution and accessibility of (certain kinds of) literature, but they also rule out certain kinds of texts or distribution channels.

The Indian Stock market undoubtedly experienced tremendous growth in the trading activity in the last twenty-five years. The Derivatives segment of the market began its operations with the launch of Index Futures by the National Stock exchange of India (NSE) in the year 2000. The Derivatives, as a financial product, derives its value from an underlying asset and is primarily designed to reduce the risk which businesses and individuals face due to the fluctuations in the asset prices. It helps individuals and companies to undertake risky projects with high returns and use derivatives as a tool to hedge risk, which can potentially lead to wealth creation. The popular instruments of equity derivatives market are- Forward, Future, Option, and swaps. This paper presents the legal framework and regulatory aspects by the market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) involving derivatives that is based on the recommendations of the L.C. Gupta Committee. SEBI laid its objectives in regulating derivative markets to ensure transparent trading environment, safety, and integrity.

In the age of Governments no longer providing formal social security post-retirement, individuals now have an increased need to build their retirement corpus. The Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority (PFRDA) regulates India's National Pension Scheme (NPS) – a formal contributory pension system introduced in early 2000. The NPS is well designed and has a robust framework. Over the years, active regulation made the product more robust. NPS now allows individual Indian citizens (and not just Government or private sector employees) to subscribe and build their retirement corpus. Several regulatory developments and changes occurred during 2020-2021, making the product much better and more valuable to its subscribers. The recent steps taken by the pension fund regulations are positive, and foster increased penetration, development, and better services to pension funds subscribers. This article gives an overview of the recent reforms and explains the implications for various stakeholders, including pension fund subscribers who benefit from the reforms.

International audience; This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation and rent sharing and assesses their impact on productivity on cross-country-industry panel data. We find first that: (1) anticompetitive product market regulations positively affect rent creation and (2) employment protection legislation boosts hourly wages, particularly for low-skill workers. However, we find no significant impact of this employment legislation on rent sharing, as the hourly wage increases are offset by a negative impact on hours worked. Second, using regulation indicators as instruments, we find that rent creation and rent sharing both have a substantial negative impact on total factor productivity. (JEL E22, E24, O30, L50, O43, O47, C23)

This study attempts to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the price-volume relation using daily stock prices of all publicly traded firms in Kuwait Boursa over the period 2005–2017. The aim is to provide evidence from an emerging market on the information arrival hypothesis, which is explained by the mixture of distribution and the sequential information arrival hypotheses. The investigation covered two main structural events; the 2008 financial crisis and the activation of Kuwait’s New Securities Law in 2010 (CMA). The GARCH-ARCH test revealed a positive contemporaneous relation between trading volume and market return, which implies that previous information shocks affect current returns and imply that Kuwait stock market is weakly efficient. When trading volume is included in the variance equation in the GARCH model, the test revealed that new information arrival is not simultaneously available to all traders and it takes time to observe, providing support to the sequential information arrival hypothesis (SAIH). Finally, there was no change in the price-volume relation around the two events and urgent assessment of the new market reform is recommended.

Anna Konar, MScEcon, MScAgro, AScBA, CertIFR, Certified Management Accountant, Institute of Management Accountants, Doha, Qatar, annakonar@gmail.com Конар Анна Николаевна, магистр экономики, сертифицированный специалист по управленческому учету, Институт специалистов по управленческому учету, Доха, Катар, annakonar@gmail.com This article provides an analysis on the key role players from the inception to the demise of the Savings and Loan market, shortfalls of the regulation which affected the Savings and Loan market and the level of regulation of the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act. Предметом данной статьи является кредитно-сберегательный кризис и влияние на него регулирования рынка. Цель данной статьи - подготовить обзор научных исследований, проведенных по данной теме, и с его помощью проанализировать её с расстояния в почти три десятилетия. В данной статье приводится анализ факторов, игравших ключевую роль от начала до окончания кредитно-сберегательного кризиса, недостатков регулирования, которые повлияли на кредитно-сберегательный рынок, и уровня регулирования Закона Гарна-Сент-Жермена о депозитных учреждениях. Проведенный анализ недавних публикаций по теме кредитно-сберегательного кризиса показал, что ключевые роли на протяжении всего кризиса играли президенты США, Конгресс США и различные правительственные организации, назначенные для контроля за деятельностью участников кредитно-сберегательного рынка. Кризис был инициирован по причине чрезмерного регулирования и усугублен дерегулированием.

This fact sheet provides information on the steps to follow to successfully sell seafood at the farmers market. The publication includes information about the regulations needed to get your products approved for sale, how to find farmer's markets, and how to safely transport, display, and sell your seafood products at the market. NP VSG-20-8

BackgroundNowadays, medical cannabis still remains inaccesible for patients in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Even registered medicinal products based on herbal or synthetic cannabinoids, like Sativex, are practically unavailable due to their high cost and narrow scope of application (for example, in Lithuania). However, before the absolute prohibition of medical cannabis in the USSR, in line with Single Convention of 1961, the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (eighth edition) published monographs on such medicinal products as “HerbaCannabis indicae”, “ExtractumCannabis indicaespissum” and “Fructus Cannabis”, which could be prescribed by physicians with precaution.ObjectivesFormation of a holistic approach aimed at the creation of appropriate conditions for the development of medical cannabis market and the improvement of life quality and health of Ukrainian patients.MethodsWe analyzed legislation and regulation mechanisms for medical cannabis in the USSR, and the present availability of these products for patients in the former USSR, such as Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Russian Federation, and Ukraine. Four hundred thirty-five Ukrainian pharmacy students participated in the quantitative analysis (a survey) that took place on April–May, 2019 at Bogomolets National Medical University (Kyiv, Ukraine). They were surveyed about legalization of medical cannabis in Ukraine, advisability of including cannabis and cannabinoids related data into educational programs, and other issues. Qualitative analysis we applied consisted of the stakeholder analysis and Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis. We classified the key stakeholders into the patients, healthcare professionals, legislative and regulatory bodies, pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies, etc., and ranked them based on their power and interest in the development of potential medical cannabis market in Ukraine. We also identified their expectations and goals. SWOT analysis allows us to evaluate predictable risks and opportunities, as well as strong and weak aspects of the effective development of medical cannabis industry in Ukraine.ResultsAccording to the survey among pharmacy students, about 80% support the legalization of cannabis for medical purposes. However, two-thirds of them think that there is a risk of illicit turnover. Nearly half of the respondents are not informed or poorly informed about cannabis therapeutic properties. At the same time, nearly 90% consider that materials on medicinal properties of cannabis and cannabinoids should be included in the training program. Nowadays, such stakeholders as legislative and regulatory bodies have the highest power over the development of potential medical cannabis market in Ukraine: more than two million Ukrainian patients still cannot access an effective cannabinoids based treatment. There are over 20 thousand children among them suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy due to the lack of adequate legislation. Moreover, a lot of stakeholders with high level of interest, such as growers, manufacturers of cannabidiol (CBD) products, pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies, higher education institutions, even scientists and healthcare professionals are still waiting for the legalization of cannabis for medical and scientific purposes in Ukraine. SWOT analysis shows that present business structures, educational and scientific institutions, regulatory bodies, and the competency of domestic specialists are strong enough to develop a new market of cannabis-based medicinal products in Ukraine. However, a long-term ban on medical cannabis requires more time for creating the entire ecosystem. This market can be quite attractive in Ukraine. It is characterized by high growth rates, low entry barriers and a substantial demand. Yet, its advancement depends significantly on the appropriate regulatory framework, high level of awareness among health professionals and society as a whole, and involvement in scientific study to become a part of the global medical cannabis market.DiscussionThe holistic approach is aimed to improve health and life quality of Ukrainian patients through cannabis-based medicinal products. It consists of three components: changes in legislation and regulation procedures; changes to value orientations in society; observance of stakeholders’ interests and purposes. Specific recommendations are worked out to realize this approach in Ukraine.

In 2017, a regulation referred to as &ldquo, pharmacies for the pharmacists&rdquo, was implemented in Poland, and Ukraine is going to implement a similar act of law. The study was to collect Ukrainian pharmacists&rsquo, opinions about the upcoming market regulation and to compare their views with opinions obtained from Polish pharmacists collected two years following the amendment of this legislation. The study was conducted in Poland and Ukraine using a self-designed questionnaire. Of 2162 questionnaires received, 2043 were included in the study (1623 from Ukraine and 420 from Poland). Ukrainian pharmacists (76.8%) feared that medicine prices would increase. Moreover, they presented concerns related to poorer access to pharmaceuticals and reduced turnovers of pharmacies. Two years after the market regulation, 55.23% of Polish pharmacists pointed out that none of the fears reported in Ukraine were observed in Poland. However, 33.10% revealed that market regulation led to &ldquo, a reduction in the number of pharmacies&rdquo, Ukrainian pharmacists are afraid of community pharmacies&rsquo, regulation. Polish pharmacists, however, have not observed such problems during the two years following the market regulation. The only noticeable market change in Poland was the reduced number of pharmacies.

RESUMEN La carencia de una regulación sobre las plantas medicinales y el escaso control de calidad dado en Costa Rica ponen en riesgo la salud de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de adulterantes en manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y juanilama (Lippia alba) de venta a granel en mercados de San José, Heredia y Cartago, Costa Rica. Se recolectaron muestras de manzanilla y juanilama en diferentes puntos de venta dentro de los mercados de Cartago, Heredia y San José. Las muestras se analizaron en fresco y a través de los criterios establecidos por la OMS, para el control de calidad de productos herbarios, se estableció la cuantificación de materiales ajenos al producto comerciado como: insectos, mezclas de minerales del suelo, plástico, vidrio y moho. Los resultados fueron analizados con Excel 2010 y el programa estadístico IBM SPSS 22. En mercados de Heredia y San José se venden productos que no corresponden a la especie terapéutica ofrecida. La manzanilla es vendida principalmente en condiciones frescas, mientras que la juanilama varía su condición dependiendo del mercado. Hubo presencia de adulterantes, como insectos, tierra, plásticos y mohos, en las plantas de manzanilla y juanilama de venta en las provincias de Cartago, Heredia y San José. SUMMARY The lack of regulation and quality control in Costa Rica on the medicinal plants has risks in public health. The aim of these work was to determinate presence of contaminants in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and juanilama (Lippia alba) commercialized in the municipal markets in San José, Heredia and Cartago, Costa Rica. They were collected samples of chamomile and juanilama in different sale points within the Cartago, Heredia and San José markets. The samples were analyzed fresh and through the criteria established by WHO; for the quality control of herbal products, the quantification of materials foreign to the traded product was established: insects, mixtures of soil minerals, plastic, glass and mold. The results were analyzed with the statistical program SPSS 22. In some markets of Heredia and San José products do not correspond to the therapeutic species offered, and they were sold. Chamomile is sold mainly in fresh conditions, while the juanilama varies its condition depending on the market. There was presence of adulterants, such as insects, soil, plastics and molds, in plants chamomile and juanilama sold in the provinces of Cartago, Heredia and San José.

International audience; In this paper, we study how rents are shared between capital and labour, using industry†level panel data for 19 OECD countries from 1988 through to 2007. The first step is an explanation of the rent†creation process. We provide evidence of a significant impact of regulation on value†added prices at the industry level relative to the value†added price for the overall economy (rent). In the second step, we dissect the value†added sharing process. By running ordinary least†squares and instrumental variables estimations, we obtain results that confirm the Blanchard–Giavazzi prediction: the impact of rents on the capital share depends on workers' bargaining power.

Este artigo objetiva discutir o acesso dos agricultores familiares aos mercados institucionais no Estado do Tocantins, no período de 2011 a 2015. Com base em dados secundários e em revisão de literatura, focou-se na discussão sobre o usufruto de políticas públicas como prerrogativas constituídas legalmente sob a perspectiva de Dahnrendorf (1992). Os dados mostram que, no Tocantins, o acesso dos agricultores familiares ao Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos oscilou, tendo sido maior no ano de 2014. Em relação ao acesso ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, entre 2011 e 2014, houve crescimento gradativo de 93% no valor comprado pelas prefeituras municipais. Entretanto, o percentual médio comprado não atingiu o mínimo de 30% do valor repassado pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. Constatou-se que a minoria dos agricultores teve acesso aos mercados institucionais. Diversos gargalos referentes à legislação, organização produtiva, falta de estruturas mínimas de processamento de produtos e deficitária ou inexistente assistência técnica tem dificultado esse acesso. Apesar desse resultado, ressalta-se que os programas de aquisição de alimentos têm efeitos positivos nas dinâmicas locais, principalmente no que concerne à organização formal dos agricultores familiares. Trabalhos sobre essa temática em outros estados mostram que mesmo o número de agricultores beneficiários desses programas seja menor que o esperado, o acesso dos agricultores familiares às políticas de fornecimento de produtos alimentícios, além de outras políticas agrícolas e sociais, ampliou a possibilidade do exercício da cidadania ao valorizar o modo de vida das múltiplas agriculturas e o sentimento de pertencimento do grupo. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T23:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPASA2018rbgdr.pdf: 295444 bytes, checksum: eb47b7ecf5652fcc89f15d8d82672922 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-29

Governments intervene in agriculture via public policies. It is the objective of this work to identify critical themes for public policies in market, production, and government regulation. Thus, based on a set of ten main groups of agricultural risks and the perceptions of experts relative to both the importance of these themes and the intensity of the corresponding government policies to relieve risk effects, we rank the themes using multicriteria methods. We particularly discuss Thurstone?s law of categorical judgments and the Saaty?s analytic hierarchy process. The two approaches lead to similar results. Infrastructure and logistics are regarded as the most important item for both methods from the perspective of theme importance, and they are the least important from the perspective of the intensity of public policies. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-10T00:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlternativeapproachespesqOperDesnvolmimento2017.pdf: 566732 bytes, checksum: 8ee4b970ec6c5f124e9398be595d9da5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-06

International audience

Séminaire sous-régional ENPARD Maghreb Note introductive. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne)

Exchange of goods with transferring property rights is an essential part of every organised human society and economy. All over the ancient world, traders and consumers negotiated a great deal of sales on local market places. The legal framework of sale is an indispensable institutional environment of a functioning economy. The paper presents a short outline of the high theory of Roman jurists about sale and compares it with every day parctice, with notarial documents .

On 4 December 2013, the Prime Minister and the Minister for Small Business announced a “root and branch” review of Australia’s competition policy. The Minister for Small Business released the final Terms of Reference for the competition policy review on 27 March 2014, following consultation with the States and Territories, and announced the Review Panel headed by Professor Ian Harper. Under the terms of reference the Competition Policy Review Committee (the Harper Committee) is required to focus on three broad areas: •examining what can be done to create more competition in service areas such as health, education and intellectual property; •considering whether the structure and powers of the competition institutions (the ACCC , the NCC, the Tribunal and the AER) remain appropriate; and •examining the effectiveness of the competition provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) and laying down a broad framework through which the law can be streamlined and reformed over time.

ACLN; International audience; This study is an attempt to evaluate the effects of product and labour market regulations on industry productivity through their various impacts on changes in production prices and wages. In a first stage, the estimation of a regression equation on an industry*country panel, with controls for country*industry and country*year fixed effects, show that multi-factor productivity is negatively and significantly influenced by both indicators of industrial prices from same industry and weighted average of industrial prices from other industries, and by indicators of country wages weighted by industry labour shares for low and high skilled workers. In a second stage, an economic policy simulation of the implications these results on the basis of their calibration by the OECD product and labour market anti-competitive regulation indicators suggests that nearly all countries could expect sizeable gains in multifactor productivity from deregulation reforms.