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The halal food market is globally growing along with the increased risk of adulteration. We proposed an amplification-free and mix-to-read CRISPR-Cas12-based nucleic acid analytical strategy allowing rapid identification and analysis of pork components, thus enriching the toolbox for ensuring halal food authenticity. We designed and optimized guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the pork cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. gRNA allowed specific identification of the target Cyt b gene from pork components followed by activation of Cas12 protein to abundantly cleave single-stranded DNA probes with terminally labeled fluorophore and quencher groups, thus turning on fluorescence. The presence of the pork Cyt b gene thus can be mix-and-read- and only-one-step-detected, which may indicate the risk of halal food adulteration. The method allowed specific discrimination of pork meat from beef, mutton, and chicken and yielded a detection limit of 2.7 ng/μL of total DNA from pork meat. The reliability of the method was tested using the following processed meat products: halal foods beef luncheon meat and spiced beef and non-halal foods sausage and dried pork slices. The CRISPR-Cas12-based nucleic acid test strategy is promising for rapid food authentication.

The effect of addition moringa leaves extract (MLE) on physical, chemical and sensory properties of luncheon was investigated. Luncheon samples were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of MLE. Results showed that supplementation of luncheon with MLE increased its content of protein, fiber and antioxidants. Protein content ranged from 8.49% in control to 10.90% in luncheon sample with 1.5% MLE. Total phenolic content of MLE was ranged from 65 to 67 mg/100g (as Gallic acid equivalent) while, the scavenging effects of 100 µl of MLE were ranged from 79.51 to 88.57%. The thiobarbituric acid number (TBA) values increased for all the investigated luncheon samples gradually during storage period. The highest value for TBA was noticed in L1 (control sample 1) (0.5239) after four weeks of cold storage while, the lowest value was observed with luncheon meat containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (L2) (0.1251) at zero storage. The total polyphenol contents and antioxidants activity increased in luncheon meat after the addition of moringa leaves extract. All the luncheon meat samples containing moringa leaves extract were generally acceptable.

Nowadays, there is a great interest regarding demand for foods with low-fat meat products to decrease the risk of nutritional diseases. Several strategies had been reported to reduce fat contents of meat products. The term fat replacer is used to describe a wide variety of products that replace some or all of the fat in foods. In the last years, chicken luncheon meat became one of the most commonly widely marketed and distributed meat products all over the world due to its delicious taste and cheap price. In this study, the chemical quality of the chicken luncheon meat produced either by; sun flower oil, sun flower oil and sodium alginate, sun flower oil, sodium alginate and rice flour, sun flower oil, sodium alginate, rice flour and gum Arabic as fat replacers was evaluated according to market reference toward production of new chicken meat luncheon of low fat, cholesterol and calories. The results revealed that application of fat replacers in cooked chicken luncheon meat enhanced the quality of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids improving its nutritional value.

Background. Since the beginning of humanity, the global burden of foodborne disease has had a decimating effect on populations, with biogenic amines (BAs) and aflatoxins in meat products implicated. While many developed countries have legitimized safety levels for BAs using evidence-based guidelines to attain high food quality standards for consumers of meat products, developing countries are still battling against poor food quality checking. Purpose. This study examines the level of health risk of biogenic amines and aflatoxin in meat products by extracting and estimating their residues and determining their indices as a way of monitoring the potential health impacts of these residues on consumers of meat products. Methods. A total of 40 imported meat products sampled and randomly collected, representing imported luncheon meat, hot dog sausages, corned beef, and minced meat. Using recommended laboratory protocols, eight residues of BAs and aflatoxins were extracted. Results. Eight BAs, histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, cadaverine, putrescine, β-phenyl ethylamine, spermine, and spermidine, were extracted and determined in all tested samples. Tyramine levels in luncheon meat were found to be significantly higher than in other meat products, while significantly high cadaverine levels were reported in corned beef samples. The results of biogenic amine index (BAI) revealed that the quality of imported minced meat and imported hot dog samples was good (BAI 5 µg/kg) in imported luncheon meat and imported hot dog meat samples. Conclusion. The general results indicate that testing meat products for biogenic amines and aflatoxins is a very good indicator for monitoring the freshness and quality of meat products.

A total of 396 food samples (ready-to-eat meat and poultry products; shellfish and finfish products; some raw shell and finfish and meat products; salads and coleslaws; baked confectionary) was purchased from local retail outlets and examined for the presence of motile aeromonads. Of the food categories tested, shellfish had the highest incidence, with 66% positive. Vegetable products, luncheon meat, salami, pate, and poultry products had very low incidences, and no motile aeromonads were found in baked confectionary, some of which contained whipped cream. Beef, pork, lamb, sausage, and finfish products had incidences above 20%. Most of the strains isolated were Aeromonas hydrophila . Given the reported distribution, a public health problem may exist if motile aeromonads do cause gastrointestinal disease.

Title 9 of the Code of Federal Regulations establishes prescribed thermal treatment for a variety of meat and poultry products. These requirements are to ensure the destruction of harmful microorganisms and viruses that cause diseases in humans and livestock. The information presented in this review provides information relative to the current procedures used by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) for monitoring the adequacy of heat treatment of meat and poultry products; and the research activities that have been and are currently being conducted to develop new and/or improved methods for determining the maximum internal temperature of meat and poultry products. Currently, FSIS is using a protein "Coagulation Test" for monitoring the maximum internal temperature (MIT) of both beef and pork products heat processed to temperatures lower than 65°C; a residual "Acid Phosphatase Activity Method" for determining the MIT of canned hams, canned picnics and canned luncheon meat, and a third method, known as the "Bovine Catalase Test", for the determination of catalase which gives a pass/fail indication at a cooking temperature of 62.8°C for rare roast beef and cooked beef. Since 1957, several attempts have been made to develop new and/or improved methods. These include an evaluation of the enzyme systems and various physical techniques. The lack of new and/or improved methods is not due to the lack of research efforts in this area, as evidenced by this review. The challenge is the development of a method which can accurately determine within ± 1.0°C the endpoint temperature in the temperature range (67.8 - 70.0°C) that is of most interest to FSIS.

This study aims to design metal food packaging with hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). First, theory of HACCP was introduced in detail. Taking empty cans provided by Wuxi Huapeng Food Packaging Company as an example, we studied migration of bisphenol compounds in coating of food can to food stimulant. Moreover, packaging design of luncheon meat can was taken as an example to confirm whether HACCP system could effectively control migration of phenolic substance. Results demonstrated that, coating of such empty were more likely to contain multiple bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) was considered as the leading bisphenol pollutant; food stimulant of different types, storage temperature and time could all impact migration of bisphenol compounds. HACCP system was proved to be effective in controlling hazards of phenolic substance in luncheon meat can and could reduce various phenolic substance indexes to an acceptable range. Therefore, HACCP can control migration of phenolic substance and recontamination of food and thus ensure food safety.

Listeria monocytogenes has long been associated with ready-to-eat foods, particularly with deli products. A retail deli is full of potential niches for L. monocytogenes to establish, and this poses a significant sanitation challenge. Retail sliced deli meat products, also known as luncheon meat or cold cuts, are subject to long home storage times under refrigerated conditions where L. monocytogenes can multiply; these commonly consumed ready-to-eat meats are high risk for getting cross-contaminated in the retail deli environment and causing listeriosis. This review considers elements of the retail deli environment which can affect the prevalence and persistence of L. monocytogenes that may lead to contamination of sliced meat, as well as the specific attributes associated with L. monocytogenes isolated from deli environments and decontamination measures assessed to reduce L. monocytogenes prevalence in deli environments. In deli environments, the ratio of L. monocytogenes to Listeria spp. is 2.4:1, and L. monocytogenes is found twice as frequently on non-food contact surfaces compared to food contact surfaces. Elements that may affect the likelihood of this pathogen persisting in the deli environment are sanitizer tolerance and biofilm formation ability; it is found that there are no differences in sanitizer tolerance between transient and persistent deli strains, but biofilm formation is a trait linked to persistence in L. monocytogenes isolated from delis. A major virulence factor in L. monocytogenes, full length internalin gene inlA, has a higher prevalence in retail deli isolates compared to the studied prevalence in all food isolatesbut closely resembles the prevalence in clinical isolates, suggesting that the retail deli is a major source of clinically recognized listeriosis cases. To combat this pathogen, the merits of daily intervention as well as deep cleans are discussed; increased employee commitment to cleaning programs and a greater food safety culture are related to improved retail deli cleanliness.

High sodium intake increases blood pressure and consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In Australia, the best estimate of sodium intake is 3840 mg sodium/day, almost double the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (2000 mg/day), and processed meats contribute approximately 10% of daily sodium intake to the diet. This study assessed the median sodium levels of 2510 processed meat products, including bacon and sausages, available in major Australian supermarkets in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017, and assessed changes over time. The median sodium content of processed meats in 2017 was 775 mg/100 g (interquartile range (IQR) 483&ndash, 1080). There was an 11% reduction in the median sodium level of processed meats for which targets were set under the government&rsquo, s Food and Health Dialogue (p &lt, 0.001). This includes bacon, ham/cured meat products, sliced luncheon meat and meat with pastry categories. There was no change in processed meats without a target (median difference 6%, p = 0.450). The new targets proposed by the current government&rsquo, s Healthy Food Partnership capture a larger proportion of products than the Food and Health Dialogue (66% compared to 35%) and a lower proportion of products are at or below the target (35% compared to 54%). These results demonstrate that voluntary government targets can drive nutrient reformulation. Future efforts will require strong government leadership and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.

Canned meat products are usually protected against C. botulinum by combinations of heat, NaCl and NaNO2. When meat products are reduced in NaCl for health reasons, they need a higher heat treatment to maintain same level of protection against C. botulinum. We describe a new tool for calculating the F-value, necessary to obtain equivalent safety for canned meat when reduced in NaCl, compared to the original combination of aqueous salt and F–value. The tool is valid for combinations of F–values between 0.51 and 3.25 and aqueous salt between 1.66 and 3.54%. The tool is available at http://dmripredict.dk.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver duas formulações de apresuntado contendo farinha de yacon e extrato de frutanos de yacon visando obter produtos de melhor qualidade nutricional e ricos em fibras alimentares. Os apresuntados foram elaborados substituindo-se a fécula de mandioca (1,73%) pela farinha de yacon e a água da formulação (37,85%) pelo extrato aquoso de frutanos. Os efeitos dessas substituições nas qualidades tecnológicas e sensoriais dos apresuntados foram avaliados comparando-os com um controle. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram existirem diferenças significativas entre as formulações e evidenciaram que a adição da farinha de yacon ao apresuntado originou uma formulação com menor teor de sódio, índice de amarelo, tonalidade, dureza, flexibilidade, adesividade e menores notas nos quesitos sabor e impressão global. Entretanto revelaram que o apresuntado elaborado com extrato de frutanos apresentou uma aceitabilidade semelhante ao controle, porém com menor dureza e maiores teores de potássio e fibras, originando um produto cárneo benéfico à saúde. The objective of this study was to develop two luncheon meat formulations containing yacon flour and yacon fructan extract, in order to obtain products with improved nutritional quality and rich in dietary fiber. The luncheon meats were prepared replacing the cassava starch (1.73%) with yacon flour, and the water used in the formulation (37.85%) with the aqueous fructan extract. The effects of these substitutions on the technological and sensory qualities of the luncheon meats were evaluated, comparing them with a control. The results obtained showed there were significant differences between the formulations. The addition of yacon flour to the luncheon meat resulted in a formulation with a lower sodium content, yellow index, hue, hardness, flexibility and adhesion and lower scores for the items of taste and overall impression. However, they showed that the luncheon meat prepared with the fructan extract presented an acceptability similar to that of the control, but with reduced hardness and higher levels of potassium and fiber, resulting in a meat product beneficial to the health.