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Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been defined as the inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for successful sexual intercourse. ED carries a notable influence on life quality, with significant implications for family and social relationships. Because atherosclerosis of penile arteries represents one of the most frequent ED causes, patients presenting with it should always be investigated for potential coexistent coronary or peripheral disease. Up to 75% of ED patients have a stenosis of the iliac-pudendal-penile arteries, supplying the male genital organ’s perfusion. Recently, pathophysiology and molecular basis of male erection have been elucidated, giving the ground to pharmacological and mechanical revascularization treatment of this condition. This review will focus on the normal anatomy and physiology of erection, the pathophysiology of ED, the relation between ED and cardiovascular diseases, and, lastly, on the molecular basis of erectile dysfunction.

A way to control or cure viral diseases like the Coronavirus is the use of exchanged waves between viral RNAs and cellular DNAs. In this research, we propose a model to compare the structure of cells and Corona viruses with the structure of speakers/microphones and obtain the frequency and the shape of exchanged waves. This is a theoretical and a mathematical model. Real material of this model are both Coronaviruses and host cells. METHODS: In this model, the cellular DNA and viral RNA are formed from charged particles and by their motions, some electromagnetic waves are emerged. In fact, they act like the inductors within speakers/microphones and produce some magnetic fields. These fields interact with charges around nuclear and viral membranes and produce some currents along them. In these conditions, membranes act like the magnet within speakers/microphones and emit some new magnetic fields. These fields interact with DNA and viral inductors, move them and produce some extra magnetic waves, These waves move charges along viral and nuclear membranes, vibrate them and produce some sound waves. RESULTS : Shape of DNA ultrasound waves depend on their RNA/DNA sources. A cellular DNA coils several times around the histone and supercoiled axes and produce linear, toroid and round inductors. A viral RNA coils and creates round viral inductor. These inductors are formed from hexagonal and pentagonal bases and emit hexagonal/pentagound linear/curved sound waves. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of DNA sound waves could be between 107-1020 (Hz). Also, frequency of viral sound waves could be between 107-1011 [KVirus/KCell] where KVirus, KCell are some constants depending on the genus of liquids within viral and cell membranes. In some conditions, KVirus/KCell=1 and virus could be absorbed by cells.

Background After the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, social isolation measures were introduced to contain infection. Although there is currently a slowing down of the infection, a reduction of hospitalizations, especially for myocardial infarction, was observed. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of the infectious disease on ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, through the analysis of recent cases of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results Consecutive patients affected by STEMI from March 1 to 31, 2020, during social restrictions of Italian government, were collected and compared with patients with STEMI treated during March 2019. During March 2020, we observed a 63% reduction of patients with STEMI who were admitted to our catheterization laboratory, when compared with the same period of 2019 (13 versus 35 patients). Changes in all time components of STEMI care were notably observed, particularly for longer median time in symptom‐to‐first medical contact, spoke‐to‐hub, and the cumulative symptom‐to‐wire delay. Procedural data and in‐hospital outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, whereas the length of hospitalization was longer in patients of 2020. In this group, we also observed higher levels of cardiac biomarkers and a worse left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline and discharge. Conclusions The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak induced a reduction of hospital access for STEMI with an increase in treatment delay, longer hospitalization, higher levels of cardiac biomarkers, and worse left ventricular function.

Inflammation is a key mechanism for the clearance of infective agents and other inflammatory triggers and is pivotal for the repairing processes of the affected tissues. Inflammation is a multistep process driven by a great number of mediators which regulate specific aspects of the inflammatory response, in agreement with a well-defined chronobiological program. A great number of inflammation-related diseases show a deeply altered immune chronobiology (e.g., COVID-19-related cytokines storm). This aspect highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the inflammatory phenomenon. It is fundamental to study inflammation as a multilevel phenomenon. Of particular interest is the low-grade chronic inflammation, which is an etiological factor of many chronic diseases. Nowadays, the therapeutic approach to low grade chronic inflammation is one of the great challenges of traditional pharmacology. Currently, no drugs specifically designed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory forms are available. Today, bioregulatory systems medicine (BrSM) and low dose medicine (LDM), two pharmacological paradigms grounded in systems medicine, potentially represent new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Scientific research has assessed the effectiveness and safety of both these therapeutic approaches, in particular for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic immunological dysregulations.

An 80-year-old man affected by symptomatic (New York Heart Association III) aortic stenosis was referred to our center. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis (mean gradient 30 mm Hg, valve area 0.6 cm2, ejection fraction 35%). His past medical history included liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C infection (Child-Pugh A6) and severe osteoporosis with chest deformation and restrictive pulmonary disease. His EuroSCORE was 15.4% and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 4.8%. Preoperative computed tomography revealed significant tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta, with a double curve (Figure 1A–1C; Movie I in the Data Supplement) and a narrowest lumen diameter of 18 mm. Significant kinking was also present at the level of the right femoro-iliac axis (Figure 1B) with a minimum diameter was 9.1 mm at both sides. His aortic annulus size was calculated at 25×27 mm (area 540 mm2). After Heart Team discussion, in view of his multiple comorbidites, he was submitted to transcathter aortic valve implantation. Transfemoral route was deemed the most suitable access route because of the presence of restrictive pulmonary disease and increased associated risk with …