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In order to ensure the secondary part at the front end of vehicles absorb the impact energy as much as possible in case of collision, reduce the impact on main parts, and ensure the safety of passengers and drivers, the energy absorption structure is set at the front end of the vehicle to improve the passive safety. Firstly, compared different standards at home and abroad and their requirements for collision conditions. Secondly, ASME RT-2 standard is selected as the standard, two energy absorbing structures are designed respectively. Structures mainly include head girders, corner posts and crash elements. The result shows that both structures can absorb more than 1.22 MJ of energy through the simulation by Ls-Dyna. At last, energy absorbing structures which has two energy absorb stages is tested to verify the reliability of the simulation results, and it is proved that the structure can meet the requirements of ASME RT-2.

At present, there are few studies considering both nonlinear and fractional characteristics of suspension in vehicle systems. In this paper, a fractional nonlinear model of a quarter vehicle with two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) is innovatively proposed to describe the suspension system containing the viscoelastic material metal rubber. Given the lack of a general calculation scheme for the multi-degree-of-freedom fractional-order incremental harmonic balance method (IHBM), a general calculation scheme for the 2-DOF incremental harmonic balance method for nonlinear systems with fractional order is derived. The nonlinear dynamical properties of the presented model are acquired using this method. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through a comparison with the power series expansion method. Afterward, the effects of the various parameters on the dynamic performance are analyzed. The vibration peak value of the fractional-order model is significantly higher than that of the integer-order model (IOM). Therefore, the suspension parameters should be designed with a margin when using IOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet oxidation absorption is an efficient and promising method of exhaust gas treatment. When the micro-nano bubbles collapse, they can generate hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidising ability, which can oxidise a variety of pollutants in diesel exhaust. Ozone has strong oxidising properties, and the coupling of ozone and micro-nano bubbles can improve the oxidation and removal effects of polluted gases. In this study, the ozone micro-nano bubbles system was used to oxidise NOx, SO2, and CO to gases that were more readily dissolved in water, such as NO2, SO3, and CO2, and the gases were removed through the absorbent solution. The effects of surfactant, catalyst, urea, pH value, and salinity on the removal efficiency of NOx, SO2, and CO from diesel exhaust were investigated. Through experiments, it was found that the removal efficiency of pollutants was enhanced and then weakened with the increasing concentrations of surfactants, catalysts, and salinity, and continued to decrease with increasing concentrations of urea. When the pH value was < 7, the removal efficiency increased first and then weakened with the increase of the pH value. When the pH value was > 7, it mainly depended on the absorption of acid gas by the alkali solution. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies were 86.3% for NO, 92.1% for SO2, and 65.4% for CO. This study could provide important theoretical support for the industrial application of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persimmon anthracnose, a severe disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum horii, poses a substantial threat to China's persimmon industry. Previous research showed that 'Kangbing Jianshi' cultivar exhibits strong resistance to anthracnose. Notably, 'Kangbing Jianshi' branches exhibit greater lignification compared with the susceptible 'Fuping Jianshi' cultivar. In this study, higher lignin content was observed in 'Kangbing Jianshi' compared with 'Fuping Jianshi', and this difference was associated with disease resistance. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites were primarily enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and lignin synthesis pathways. Furthermore, significant upregulation of DkCAD1, a pivotal gene involved in lignin metabolism, was observed in the resistant cultivar when inoculated with C. horii. Transient overexpression of DkCAD1 substantially increased lignin content and improved resistance to C. horii in a susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we identified two WRKY transcription factors, DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10, which interacts with the DkCAD1 promoter and induces its activity. Overexpression of DkWRKY8 and DkWRKY10 not only increased leaf lignin content but also enhanced persimmon tolerance to C. horii. Moreover, the expression levels of DkCAD1, DkWRKY8, and DkWRKY10 were significantly increased in response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in the resistant cultivar. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular functions of DkWRKY8, DkWRKY10, and DkCAD1 in persimmons, as well as their involvement in molecular breeding processes in persimmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the first flexible single‐junction III‐V photovoltaic solar cells (SCs) based on single‐crystal‐like gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin films on a low‐cost metal substrate by direct and continuous deposition, which can bypass expensive single crystal wafer fabrication. The two‐dimensional modeling of the GaAs SC is developed and used to study feasibility of single‐crystal‐like GaAs thin films for high performance SC devices. A promising SC device performance characteristic with an open‐circuit voltage of 560 mV and short circuit current of 19.4 mA/cm2, resulting in a conversion efficiency of ~7.6%, is demonstrated. We developed flexible thin film III‐V solar cells on a new photovoltaics (PV) platform where nearly single‐crystalline III‐V thin films are directly grown on inexpensive polycrystalline metal substrates using crystallinity‐transformational buffer layers. This PV technology combines the efficiency advantages of high‐quality III‐V materials with continuous roll‐to‐roll deposition process of thin film on a low‐cost tape substrate to produce flexible, cost‐competitive, and high‐efficiency SCs with application versatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance heat transfer and reduce fouling of the finned-tube surface in economizers of coal-fired power plants, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for H-type finned oval tube with longitudinal vortex generators (LVG) and dimples, both in-line and staggered arrangements, are studied experimentally under flue dust condition. In addition, the ash samples and heat exchanger surfaces after the test are analyzed to help understanding the ash fouling and tube wear mechanisms. Compared to the original H-type finned oval tube, the Nusselt number of H-type finned oval tube bank with longitudinal vortex generators and dimples is improved by 34.5-41.7% (in-line arrangement) and 28.1-31.7% (staggered arrangement) within the studied Reynolds numbers, while the Euler number is increased by 21.9-28.3% (in-line arrangement) and 19% (staggered arrangement) in the clean finned-tube surface state. In the stable fouling state, the Nusselt number is improved by 37.7-42.3% (in-line arrangement) and 27.8-45.1% (staggered arrangement), while the Euler number is increased by 22.9-25.2% (in-line arrangement) and 33.3-42% (staggered arrangement). The results show that the novel fin structures can both inhibit fouling and enhance heat transfer effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Research Article High‐efficiency flexible III‐V photovoltaic solar cells based on single‐crystal‐like thin films directly grown on metallic tapes by Sara Pouladi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3070. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exorbitant level of hydrogen peroxide is closely related to many human diseases. The development of novel probes for H 2 O 2 detection will be beneficial to disease diagnosis. In this study, a novel Nd 3+ -sensitized upconversion nanoprobe based on Förster resonance energy transfer was first developed for sensing H 2 O 2 . This nanosystem was made of core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (emission at 540 and 660 nm), dicyanomethylene-4 H-pyran (DCM)-H 2 O 2 , and poly acrylic acid (PAA)-octylamine. Obviously, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with Nd 3+ acted as an energy donor, and DCM-H 2 O 2 , transferring to DCM-OH with the reaction of H 2 O 2 , acted as an energy acceptor. The ratiometric upconversion luminescence (540 nm/660 nm) signal could be utilized to visualize the H 2 O 2 level, and the LOD of the nanoprobe for H 2 O 2 was quantified to be 0.168 μM. Meanwhile, owing to the dope of Nd 3+ , the nanoprobe would not induce the overheating effect in biological samples and could possess deeper tissue penetration depth, compared with the UCNPs excited by 980 nm light during bioimaging. The nanoprobe could also play an important role in detecting the exogenous and endogenous H 2 O 2 in living cells with ratiometric UCL (upconversion luminescence) imaging. Furthermore, our nanoprobe could function in detecting the H 2 O 2 in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Therefore, this novel nanoprobe along with the ratiometric method for responding and bioimaging H 2 O 2 could serve as a new model that promotes the emergence of novel probes for H 2 O 2 detection.