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In prostate cancer, castration resistance is a factor that frequently leads to death in individuals with this disease. Recent studies have suggested that prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are pivotal regulators in the establishment of castration resistance. The nanog homeobox (NANOG) and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD) signaling pathways are involved in several cancer stem cells but are not involved in PCSCs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of NANOG on the proliferation of PCSCs regulated by the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) often occurs in the elderly, and approximately 40% of patients are 70 years or older. To investigate the long‐term survival of EC in elderly patients, to provide a theoretical direction for better management and predicting survival of EC based on the hospital‐based multi‐center study in China. Methods: The study was conducted in 18 hospitals including 6 provincial hospitals, 8 municipal hospitals, and 4 county hospitals. We extracted information from medical record homepage, records of admission and discharge, and pathological diagnosis reports from the medical record department of the elderly patients at 70–84 years old to obtain the 3‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS), and main associated factors, and to analyze the current therapeutic effect of different treatment options for elderly patients. Results: The 3‐year and 5‐year OS rate of the 1013 elderly patients was 44.8% and 32.8%, respectively. Their median survival was 28.00 months. The median survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma was longer than that of other pathological type (squamous vs. other types: 31.00 vs. 20.00 months, p = 0.018). The median survival of patients with surgery only or combined therapy was longer than that of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and no therapy (surgery only vs. combined therapy vs. radiotherapy vs. chemotherapy vs. no therapy: 56.00 vs. 33.00 vs. 26.00 vs.18.00 vs. 16.00 months, p < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rate of patients with highly differentiated cancer was higher than that of medium differentiated and poor differentiation/undifferentiated. In multivariate analysis, the older ages, pathological stage, were independent prognostic risk factors for poor EC survival. Treatment method was independent protective factors predictive of a good EC OS. Conclusions: The survival rate of the elderly EC patients was still low in China. Age, therapy method, and pathological stage were mainly associated with the survival rate of EC in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngeal cancer is the one of the most prevalent cancer of the upper respiratory tract. Aiming to get a better understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and trends of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang cancer registry in China during 2000-2011, we used the standardized quality control and statistical methods to analyze the incidence and mortality that were vital for making decision about laryngeal cancer prevention and control.Materials and Methods: Comparably high-quality data from eight population-based cancer registries in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2011 were qualified for analysis. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex, and age group. All incidence and mortality rates were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and 95% confidence intervals of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality were calculated for the temporal trends. The logarithmic trend line was also drawn to reflect the time trends of incidence and mortality.Results: During the 12 years, the 8 cancer registries covered a total of 81,758,277 person-year population (65,500,842 in urban and 16,257,435 in rural areas) including 41,315,911 person-year males and 40,442,366 person-year females. The age-standardized incidence rates were 1.10/10(5) by Chinese population and 1.12/10(5) by world population, respectively. The incidence of laryngeal cancer was relatively low in subjects under 44 years old. Then, it increased sharply after 45 years old and finally reached the peak in subjects of 75-79 years old. The age-standardized mortality rates of the Chinese population and world population were 0.28/10(5) and 0.35/10(5), respectively. The mortality of laryngeal cancer was at a low level in subjects under 49 years old. The rate dramatically increased in subjects over 50 years old, and then peaked in the age group of 80-84 years. The crude incidence of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas in 2000 was approximately 1.39/10(5), and it reached 1.78/10(5) in 2011, with the AAPC of 2.47%; the temporal trend line indicates that the incidence remained steady during the 12 years. The crude mortality of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang registration areas in 2000 was about 0.30/10(5) and increased to 0.66/10(5), with the AAPC of 4.24% which showed no statistical significance; the temporal trend line indicates that mortality was going up to a certain extent, but not evident.Conclusions: Laryngeal cancer significantly influenced the quality of life for the patients. The comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the upward trend of laryngeal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Plain Language Summary Breast cancer is a significant contributor to female mortality, exerting a public health burden worldwide, especially in China, where risk‐prediction models with good discriminating accuracy for breast cancer are still scarce.A multicenter screening cohort study was conducted as part of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. Dwellers aged 40–74 years were recruited between 2014 and 2019 and prospectively followed up until June 30, 2021. The entire data set was divided by year of enrollment to develop a prediction model and validate it internally. Multivariate Cox regression was used to ascertain predictors and develop a risk‐prediction model. Model performance at 1, 3, and 5 years was evaluated using the area under the curve, nomogram, and calibration curves and subsequently validated internally. The prediction model incorporates selected factors that are assigned appropriate weights to establish a risk‐scoring algorithm. Guided by the risk score, participants were categorized into low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups for breast cancer. The cutoff values were chosen using X‐tile plots. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by categorizing breast cancer risk into the low‐ and high‐risk groups. A decision curve analysis was used to assess the clinical utility of the model.Of the 70,520 women enrolled, 447 were diagnosed with breast cancer (median follow‐up, 6.43 [interquartile range, 3.99–7.12] years). The final prediction model included age and education level (high, hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.31–3.09]), menopausal age (≥50 years, 1.34 [1.03–1.75]), previous benign breast disease (1.42 [1.09–1.83]), and reproductive surgery (1.28 [0.97–1.69]). The 1‐year area under the curve was 0.607 in the development set and 0.643 in the validation set. Moderate predictive discrimination and satisfactory calibration were observed for the validation set. The risk predictions demonstrated statistically significant differences between the low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups (p < .001). Compared with the low‐risk group, women in the high‐ and medium‐risk groups posed a 2.17‐fold and 1.62‐fold elevated risk of breast cancer, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. A web‐based calculator was developed to estimate risk stratification for women.This study developed and internally validated a risk‐adapted and user‐friendly risk‐prediction model by incorporating easily accessible variables and female factors. The personalized model demonstrated reliable calibration and moderate discriminative ability. Risk‐stratified screening strategies contribute to precisely distinguishing high‐risk individuals from asymptomatic individuals and prioritizing breast cancer screening. Breast cancer remains a burden in China. To enhance breast cancer screening, we need to incorporate population stratification in screening. Accurate risk‐prediction models for breast cancer remain scarce in China. We established and validated a risk‐adapted and user‐friendly risk‐prediction model by incorporating routinely available variables along with female factors. Using this risk‐stratified model helps accurately identify high‐risk individuals, which is of significant importance when considering integrating individual risk assessments into mass screening programs for breast cancer. Current clinical breast cancer screening lacks a constructive clinical pathway and guiding recommendations. Our findings can better guide clinicians and health care providers. Breast cancer remains a burden in China. To enhance breast cancer screening, we need to incorporate population stratification in screening.Accurate risk‐prediction models for breast cancer remain scarce in China. We established and validated a risk‐adapted and user‐friendly risk‐prediction model by incorporating routinely available variables along with female factors.Using this risk‐stratified model helps accurately identify high‐risk individuals, which is of significant importance when considering integrating individual risk assessments into mass screening programs for breast cancer.Current clinical breast cancer screening lacks a constructive clinical pathway and guiding recommendations. Our findings can better guide clinicians and health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant contributor to female mortality, exerting a public health burden worldwide, especially in China, where risk-prediction models with good discriminating accuracy for breast cancer are still scarce., Methods: A multicenter screening cohort study was conducted as part of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. Dwellers aged 40-74 years were recruited between 2014 and 2019 and prospectively followed up until June 30, 2021. The entire data set was divided by year of enrollment to develop a prediction model and validate it internally. Multivariate Cox regression was used to ascertain predictors and develop a risk-prediction model. Model performance at 1, 3, and 5 years was evaluated using the area under the curve, nomogram, and calibration curves and subsequently validated internally. The prediction model incorporates selected factors that are assigned appropriate weights to establish a risk-scoring algorithm. Guided by the risk score, participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups for breast cancer. The cutoff values were chosen using X-tile plots. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by categorizing breast cancer risk into the low- and high-risk groups. A decision curve analysis was used to assess the clinical utility of the model., Results: Of the 70,520 women enrolled, 447 were diagnosed with breast cancer (median follow-up, 6.43 [interquartile range, 3.99-7.12] years). The final prediction model included age and education level (high, hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.31-3.09]), menopausal age (≥50 years, 1.34 [1.03-1.75]), previous benign breast disease (1.42 [1.09-1.83]), and reproductive surgery (1.28 [0.97-1.69]). The 1-year area under the curve was 0.607 in the development set and 0.643 in the validation set. Moderate predictive discrimination and satisfactory calibration were observed for the validation set. The risk predictions demonstrated statistically significant differences between the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups (p < .001). Compared with the low-risk group, women in the high- and medium-risk groups posed a 2.17-fold and 1.62-fold elevated risk of breast cancer, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. A web-based calculator was developed to estimate risk stratification for women., Conclusions: This study developed and internally validated a risk-adapted and user-friendly risk-prediction model by incorporating easily accessible variables and female factors. The personalized model demonstrated reliable calibration and moderate discriminative ability. Risk-stratified screening strategies contribute to precisely distinguishing high-risk individuals from asymptomatic individuals and prioritizing breast cancer screening., Plain Language Summary: Breast cancer remains a burden in China. To enhance breast cancer screening, we need to incorporate population stratification in screening. Accurate risk-prediction models for breast cancer remain scarce in China. We established and validated a risk-adapted and user-friendly risk-prediction model by incorporating routinely available variables along with female factors. Using this risk-stratified model helps accurately identify high-risk individuals, which is of significant importance when considering integrating individual risk assessments into mass screening programs for breast cancer. Current clinical breast cancer screening lacks a constructive clinical pathway and guiding recommendations. Our findings can better guide clinicians and health care providers., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.)

Background: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality in smokers; however, the evidence in nonsmokers is scarce., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the participant rate and effectiveness of one-off LDCT screening for lung cancer among smokers and nonsmokers., Methods: A population-based prospective cohort study was performed to enroll participants aged between 40 and 74 years from 2013 to 2019 from 4 cities in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants who were evaluated as having a high risk of lung cancer from an established risk score model were recommended to undergo LDCT screening. Follow-up outcomes were retrieved on June 30, 2020. The uptake rate of LDCT screening for evaluated high-risk participants and the detection rate of early-stage lung cancer (stage 0-I) were calculated. The lung cancer incidence, lung cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality were compared between the screened and nonscreened groups., Results: At baseline, 62.56% (18,818/30,079) of smokers and 6% (5483/91,455) of nonsmokers were identified as high risk (P<.001), of whom 41.9% (7885/18,818) and 66.31% (3636/5483) underwent LDCT screening (P<.001), respectively. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 1100 lung cancer cases and 456 all-cause death cases (116 lung cancer death cases) were traced. The proportion of early-stage lung cancer among smokers was 60.3% (173/287), which was lower than the proportion of 80.3% (476/593) among nonsmokers (P<.001). Among smokers, a higher proportion was found in the screened group (72/106, 67.9%) than the nonscreened group (56/114, 49.1%; P=.005), whereas no significance was found (42/44, 96% vs 10/12, 83%; P=.20) among nonsmokers. Compared with participants who were not screened, LDCT screening in smokers significantly increased lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76; P=.007) but reduced lung cancer mortality (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96; P=.04) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.69; P<.001). Among nonsmokers, no significant results were found for lung cancer incidence (P=.06), all-cause mortality (P=.89), and lung cancer mortality (P=.17)., Conclusions: LDCT screening effectively reduces lung cancer and all-cause mortality among high-risk smokers. Further efforts to define high-risk populations and explore adequate lung cancer screening modalities for nonsmokers are needed., (©Le Wang, Youqing Wang, Fei Wang, Yumeng Gao, Zhimei Fang, Weiwei Gong, Huizhang Li, Chen Zhu, Yaoyao Chen, Lei Shi, Lingbin Du, Ni Li. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 14.03.2023.)

Objective: To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of thyroid cancer (TC) in China from 2008 to 2012., Methods: Incident and death cases of TC were retrieved from the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) database collecting from 135 cancer registries in China during 2008-2012. The crude incidence and mortality rates of TC were calculated by area (urban/rural), region (eastern, middle, western), gender and age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, …, 85+). China census in 2000 and world Segi's population were applied for age-standardized rates. Joinpoint (Version 4.6.0.0) model was used for time-trend analysis., Results: The crude incidence rate of TC was 7.56/100,000 which ranked the seventh in overall cancers. The age-standardized incidence rates by China population (ASIRC) and by World population (ASIRW) were 6.25/100,000 and 5.52/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality of TC in China was 0.52/100,000. The age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 0.34/100,000 and 0.32/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates of TC were higher in females than in males and higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Eastern areas had the highest incidence followed by middle and western areas. TC incidence increased dramatically after age of 15 years, then peaked at 14.08/100,000 in the group of 50-54 years and finally decreased sharply after 55 years old. TC mortality increased with age in population, reaching the peak of 5.09/100,000 in sub-population aged 85 years or older. TC incidence increased by 4.73 times from 2.40/100,000 in 2003 to 13.75/100,000 in 2012 with an average annual increase of 20%, while TC mortality only increased slightly around 0.32/100,000 from 0.26/100,000 to 0.36/100,000., Conclusions: Appropriate targeted prevention, early detection and treatment programs can be carried out to curb the rapid growth trend of TC and control the disease burden.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of double Endobutton technique and suture anchor combined Endobutton plate in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation., Methods: Between May 2010 and March 2014, a retrospective study was preformed on 56 patients with Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The coracoclavicular ligament was reconstructed with double Endobutton technique in 31 cases (Endobutton group), and with suture anchor combined Endobutton plate in 25 cases (Anchor group). There was no significant difference in age, gender, injury causes, injury side, associated injury, medical comorbidities, and disease duration between 2 groups (P>0.05). The operation time, medical device expenses, postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative Constant-Murley scores, and postoperative Karlsson grading of the injured shoulder were compared between 2 groups., Results: The average operation time in Endobutton group was significantly greater than that in Anchor group (t = 4.285, P = 0.000); there was no significant difference in the medical device expenses between 2 groups (t = 1.555, P = 0.126). Primary healing of incision was obtained in all patients of 2 groups; no early complications of infection and skin necrosis occurred. All patients were followed up 15.6 months on average (range, 11-35 months). During follow-up, some loss of reduction and ectopic ossification in the coracoclavicular gap were observed in 1 case and 6 cases of Endobutton group, respectively. No recurrence of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, implant fixation loosening and broken, and secondary fractures occurred in the other patients. There was significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between 2 groups (P = 0.013). Constant-Murley scores of the injured shoulder significantly increased at 9 months after operation when compared with preoperative values in 2 groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between 2 groups (P > 0.05). At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in Karlsson grading between 2 groups (Z = -0.628, P = 0.530)., Conclusion: Both double Endobutton technique and suture anchor combined Endobutton plate have good effectiveness in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation. But the latter is associated with easier operation, less operation time, and less complications.

Objective: Laryngeal cancer is the common cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. We aimed to use the national cancer registration data in 2011 to estimate the incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer within China., Methods: Comparable, high-quality data from 177 population-based cancer registries were qualified for analysis. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex and age group. National new cases and deaths of laryngeal cancer were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2010. All incidence and death rates were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations., Results: All 177 cancer registries covered a total of 175,310,169 population (98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas), accounting for 13.01% of the national population. The data quality indicators of proportion of morphological verification (MV%), percentage of cancer cases identified with death certification only (DCO%) and mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) were 77.98%, 2.62% and 0.55, respectively. Estimated 20,875 new cases of laryngeal cancer were diagnosed and 11,488 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred in China in 2011. The crude incidence rate of laryngeal cancer was 1.55/100,000 (2.69/100,000 in males and 0.35/100,000 in females). Age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 1.13/100,000 and 1.14/100,000, respectively. Laryngeal cancer is much rarer in females than in males. The incidence rate was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas. The crude mortality rate of laryngeal cancer was 0.85/100,000 (1.42/100,000 in males and 0.25/100,000 in females). Age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were both 0.61/100,000. The mortality rate in males was much higher than that in females. There was no definite difference in mortality rates of laryngeal cancer between urban and rural areas., Conclusions: Larynx is a specialized area and cancer of larynx significantly affects the quality of life for the patients. Comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the ascent of laryngeal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the cervical cancer incidence and mortality in cancer registries of Zhejiang province during 2000 to 2009., Methods: The data of cervical cancer incidence and mortality were collected from six cancer registries in Zhejiang province. Staff of Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office checked, sorted and analyzed the data to calculate crude, standardized rate and trend. Chinese census in 1982 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates., Results: The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 11.78/100 000 during 2000 to 2009, and age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 7.05/100 000 and 8.62/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate was 1.89/100 000, and age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 0.95/100 000 and 1.23/100 000, respectively. The age-specific incidence rates showed different trends, increased significantly after the age of 25, peaked at 45-year-old group, which was 23.03/100 000 (578/2 510 099) , and decreased at the age of 50, while the age-specific mortality rates gentlely increased, peaked at 85 years of age group, which was 11.94/100 000 (33/276 414) . The cervical Cancer Incidence from 5.96/100 000 (86/1 443 589) in 2000, increased to 18.90/100 000 (898/4 751 426) in 2009, the annual percent change (APC) was 16.64% (95%CI:11.87%-21.61%). The mortality showed a gentle upward trend from 1.45/100 000 (21/1 443 589) , increased to 2.53/100 000 (120/4 751 426) in 2009, the APC was 6.63% (95%CI:1.73%-11.77%)., Conclusion: Cervical cancer showed younger trend, the incidence and mortality trends showed an increasing trend, should strengthen the prevention and control of cervical cancer.