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Introduction: Students with obesity associated with eating disorders experience disruption, mainly in their physical self-perception (PSP), such as self-esteem. This perceptual disorder plays a central role in the emergence of inappropriate attitude and eating behaviours (IAEB) among overweight students. Very few IAEB and obesity prevention programs are implemented in Canada. None of these programs evaluate PSPs with an idiographic approach to assess PSPs fluctuations. Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare the instantaneous evolution of the PSPs between students aged 11 to 14 engaged in the Silence prevention program (EG2-Silence) compared to students engaged solely in an IAEB prevention program (EG1). Methods: All scales of the Body Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (i.e. perceived body, desired body and body dissatisfaction) and the Physical Self-Inventory - short version (i.e. global self-esteem, perceived physical value, sports skills, physical strength, physical endurance and physical appearance) are evaluated once a week using a weekly logbook. Results:Apositive, but not significant, trend is observed in improving the time series level of the EG2-Silence for multiple PSPs (i.e., for overall self-esteem, perceived physical value, physical condition, perceived physical appearance, perceived body, desired body and body dissatisfaction). Results demonstrate a significantly greater PSP time series instability for the EG2-Silence in two of the three instability indices (i.e., standard deviation and range). Conclusions: The Silence program increases the instability of the time series of the PSPs and has a positive trend in terms of improving the time series level of the PSPs. Future studies should take account integration of IEAB/obesity in transdisciplinary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoice is a participatory action research method in which participants take and narrate photographs to share their experiences and perspectives. This method is gaining in popularity among health researchers. Few studies, however, have described virtual photovoice data collection despite the growing interest among qualitative health researchers for online data collection. As such, the aim of this article is to discuss the implementation of a virtual photovoice study and presents some of the challenges of this design and potential solutions. The study examined issues of social isolation and mental health among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian province of Québec. Twenty-six older adults took photographs depicting their experience of the pandemic that were then shared in virtual discussion groups. In this article, we discuss three key challenges arising from our study and how we navigated them. First, we offer insights into managing some of the technical difficulties related to using online meeting technologies. Second, we describe the adjustments we made during our study to foster and maintain positive group dynamics. Third, we share our insights into the process of building and maintaining trust between both researchers and participants, and amongst participants. Through a discussion of these challenges, we offer suggestions to guide the work of health promotion researchers wishing to conduct virtual photovoice studies, including with older adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

This exploratory research surveys scholarly literature on decentralized storage solutions, including theories and works of archival science, and similar applications in humanitarian contexts, to illustrate the necessity of these systems in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. Xinjiang has recently shifted into the spotlight of the international press for allegations of abuse and forced labor, coercive cultural assimilation, and the creation of a police state. The leadership of the People's Republic of China (PRC) justifies the existence of these training facilities and expansive surveillance networks as part of the PRC-backed efforts to de-radicalize ethnic groups in the region. However, many governments and scholars rebuke these justifications, arguing that these centers are state-run facilities that house extrajudicially detained individuals based on their ethnic identity and religious belief. This paper aims at limiting the plausible deniability of violations conducive to cultural genocide, thus improving the prospects for deterrence and accountability through decentralized evidence management. The technological sophistication of the regime in Xinjiang is outpacing centralized systems and rendering storage solutions hosting evidence of these violations obsolete. This jeopardizes the prospect of truth and reconciliation in the future and allows the party to craft and disseminate their narrative globally with little resistance. Major findings focus on how decentralized systems can improve the streamlining and hosting of evidence regarding human rights violations occurring as well as advancing the study of cryptographic management of evidence regarding the treatment of vulnerable communities in low-rights regions., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022.)

Background: Operative management of clavicle fractures is increasingly common. In the context of explaining the risks and benefits of surgery, understanding the impact of incisional numbness as it relates to the patient experience is key to shared decision making. This study aims to determine the prevalence, extent, and recovery of sensory changes associated with supraclavicular nerve injury after open reduction and plate internal fixation of middle or lateral clavicle shaft fractures., Methods: Eighty-six patients were identified retrospectively and completed a patient experience survey assessing sensory symptoms, perceived post-operative function, and satisfaction. Correlations between demographic factors and outcomes, as well as subgroup analyses were completed to identify factors impacting patient satisfaction., Results: Ninety percent of patients experienced sensory changes post-operatively. Numbness was the most common symptom (64%) and complete resolution occurred in 32% of patients over an average of 19 months. Patients who experienced burning were less satisfied overall with the outcome of their surgery whereas those who were informed of the risk of sensory changes pre-operatively were more satisfied overall., Conclusions: Post-operative sensory disturbance is common. While most patients improve, some symptoms persist in the majority of patients without significant negative effects on satisfaction. Patients should always be advised of the risk of persistent sensory alterations around the surgical site to increase the likelihood of their satisfaction post-operatively., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Although researchers are giving increased attention to blockchain-based personal health records (PHRs) and data sharing, the majority of research focuses on technical design. Very little is known about health care consumers' intentions to adopt the applications., Objective: This study aims to explore the intentions and concerns of health care consumers regarding the adoption of blockchain-based personal health records and data sharing., Methods: Three focus groups were conducted, in which 26 participants were shown a prototype of a user interface for a self-sovereign blockchain-based PHR system (ie, a system in which the individual owns, has custody of, and controls access to their personal health information) to be used for privacy and secure health data sharing. A microinterlocutor analysis of focus group transcriptions was performed to show a descriptive overview of participant responses. NVivo 12.0 was used to code the categories of the responses., Results: Participants did not exhibit a substantial increase in their willingness to become owners of health data and share the data with third parties after the blockchain solution was introduced. Participants were concerned about the risks of losing private keys, the resulting difficulty in accessing care, and the irrevocability of data access on blockchain. They did, however, favor a blockchain-based PHR that incorporates a private key recovery system and offers a health wallet hosted by government or other positively perceived organizations. They were more inclined to share data via blockchain if the third party used the data for collective good and offered participants nonmonetary forms of compensation and if the access could be revoked from the third party., Conclusions: Health care consumers were not strongly inclined to adopt blockchain-based PHRs and health data sharing. However, their intentions may increase when the concerns and recommendations demonstrated in this study are considered in application design., (©Chang Lu, Danielle Batista, Hoda Hamouda, Victoria Lemieux. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (http://formative.jmir.org), 05.11.2020.)

Life-history allocation trade-offs are dynamic over time and space according to the ecological and demographical context. Fluctuations in food availability can affect physiological trade-offs like oxidative status regulation, reflecting the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity. Monitoring the spatio-temporal stability of oxidative status in natural settings may help understanding its importance in ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few studies have yet conducted such procedures in wild populations. Here, we monitored individual oxidative status in a wild eastern chipmunk ( Tamias striatus ) population across the 2017 summer active period and over three study sites. Oxidative damage (MDA: Malondialdehyde levels) and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and HASC: Hypochlorous acid shock capacity) were quantified across time and space using assays optimized for small blood volumes. Our results showed an increase in oxidative damage mirrored by a decrease in FRAP throughout the season. We also found different antioxidant levels among our three study sites for both markers. Our results also revealed the effects of sex and body mass on oxidative status. Early in the active season, females and individuals with a greater body mass had higher oxidative damage. Males had higher HASC levels than females throughout the summer. This study shows that oxidative status regulation is a dynamic process that requires a detailed spatial and temporal monitoring to yield a complete picture of possible trade-offs between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity., Competing Interests: Dany Garant is an Academic Editor for PeerJ. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (©2019 Lemieux et al.)

Measuring oxidative stress has become increasingly valuable in ecological studies, especially when different markers are measured on the same individual. However, many of the current methods lack sensitivity for analysis of low blood volume samples, which represent a challenge for longitudinal field studies of small organisms. Small blood volumes can usually only be analysed by using a single assay, therefore providing limited information on individual's oxidative profile. In this study, we used blood collected from a population of wild eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and modified methods presented in the literature to improve analytical selectivity and sensitivity required for small blood volumes. Specifically, we proposed a modified malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis protocol by HPLC and also optimized both the uric acid independent ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and hypochlorous acid shock capacity (HASC) assays. Development of the three modified methods was achieved with a sensitivity and repeatability that meets standards of field ecology while allowing measurement of all three assays in duplicate using less than 60 μL of plasma. Availability of these tests using small blood volumes will provide ecologists with a more comprehensive portrait of an individual's oxidative profile and a better understanding of its determinants and interactions with the environment., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Cry6Aa1 is a Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) toxin active against nematodes and corn rootworm insects. Its 3D molecular structure, which has been recently elucidated, is unique among those known for other Bt toxins. Typical three-domain Bt toxins permeabilize receptor-free planar lipid bilayers (PLBs) by forming pores at doses in the 1-50 μg/ml range. Solubilization and proteolytic activation are necessary steps for PLB permeabilization. In contrast to other Bt toxins, Cry6Aa1 formed pores in receptor-free bilayers at doses as low as 200 pg/ml in a wide range of pH (5.5-9.5) and without the need of protease treatment. When Cry6Aa1 was preincubated with Western corn rootworm (WCRW) midgut juice or trypsin, 100 fg/ml of the toxin was sufficient to form pores in PLBs. The overall biophysical properties of the pores were similar for all three forms of the toxin (native, midgut juice- and trypsin-treated), with conductances ranging from 28 to 689 pS, except for their ionic selectivity, which was slightly cationic for the native and midgut juice-treated Cry6Aa1, whereas dual selectivity (to cations or anions) was observed for the pores formed by the trypsin-treated toxin. Enrichment of PLBs with WCRW midgut brush-border membrane material resulted in a 2000-fold reduction of the amount of native Cry6Aa1 required to form pores and affected the biophysical properties of both the native and trypsin-treated forms of the toxin. These results indicate that, although Cry6Aa1 forms pores, the molecular determinants of its mode of action are significantly different from those reported for other Bt toxins., (© 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

The lower risk of coronary artery disease in premenopausal women than in men and postmenopausal women implicates sex steroids in cardioprotective processes. β-Estradiol upregulates liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which, in turn, decreases circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Conversely, LDLR protein is negatively regulated by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Herein, we investigated PCSK9 regulation by β-estradiol and its impact on LDLR in human hepatocarcinoma HuH7 cells grown in the presence or absence of β-estradiol. Immunoblot analysis showed upregulation of LDLR at 3 μm β-estradiol (140%), and the upregulation reached 220% at 10 μm β-estradiol; only at the latter dose was an increase in LDLR mRNA detected by qPCR, suggesting post-translational regulation of LDLR. No changes in PCSK9 mRNA or secreted protein levels were detected by qPCR or ELISA, respectively. β-estradiol-conditioned medium devoid of PCSK9 failed to upregulate LDLR. Similarly, PCSK9 knockdown cells showed no upregulation of LDLR by β-estradiol. Together, these results indicate a requirement for PCSK9 in the β-estradiol-induced upregulation of LDLR. A radiolabeling assay showed a significant, dose-dependent decrease in the ratio of secreted phosphoPCSK9 to total secreted PCSK9 with increasing β-estradiol levels, suggesting a change in the functional state of PCSK9 in the presence of β-estradiol. Our results indicate that the protein upregulation of LDLR at subtranscriptionally effective doses of β-estradiol, and its supratranscriptional upregulation at 10 μm β-estradiol, occur through an extracellular PCSK9-dependent mechanism., (© 2015 The Authors. FEBS Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of FEBS.)